A logic framework for reasoning with movement based on fuzzy qualitative representation

Propositional dynamic logic with local assignment

In its many guises and variations, propositional dynamic logic (PDL) plays an important role in various areas of computer science such as databases, artificial intelligence, and computer linguistics. One relevant and powerful variation is ICPDL, the extension of PDL with intersection and converse. Although ICPDL has several interesting applications, its computational properties have never been investigated. In this paper, we prove that ICPDL is decidable by developing a translation to the monadic second order logic of infinite trees. Our result has applications in information logic, description logic, and epistemic logic. In particular, we solve a long-standing open problem in information logic. Another virtue of our approach is that it provides a decidability proof that is more transparent than existing ones for PDL with intersection (but without converse).

To reduce adverse customer selection, service firms are empowering employees to use decision latitude to decide whether to provide a service to a potential customer. Customer selection often requires complex decision making that involves both quantitative and qualitative customer information. The authors introduce service employees’ desire for decision latitude (DDL) as an individual difference construct that influences the processing of quantitative and qualitative information in customer selection decisions. Across several studies, the authors find that individual differences in DDL moderate how service personnel synthesize quantitative and qualitative information in customer selection decisions. Service employees who have relatively higher levels of DDL integrate quantitative and qualitative information such that the cues combine interactively. Thus, they may act as though they are going against organizational norms by allowing qualitative information to override organizational decision-making norms. Conversely, low DDL individuals appear to combine both quantitative and qualitative information in a linear pattern to influence customer selection. These results suggest that managers should employ DDL to match employees with customers so that an optimal fit occurs. Managers should examine procedures for how information should be used and provide employees with clearly defined guidelines for how to employ quantitative and qualitative information when making customer selection decisions.

Information fusion in data association applications

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a hybrid system as a decision support model to assist with the auditor's going‐concern assessment. The going‐concern assessment is often an unstructured decision that involves the use of both qualitative and quantitative information. An expert system that predicts the going‐concern decision has been developed in consultation with partners at three of the Big Five accounting firms. This system is combined with a statistical model that predicts bankruptcy, as a component of the auditor's decision, to form a hybrid system. The hybrid system, because it combines the use of quantitative and qualitative information, has the potential for better prediction accuracy than either the expert system or statistical model predicting separately. In addition, testing of the system provides some insight into the characteristics of firms that experience problems, but do not necessarily receive a going‐concern modification. Further investigation into those firms that have problems could reveal factors that may be incorporated into decision support systems for auditors, in order to improve accuracy and reliability of these decision tools. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Economic modeling is well-known difficult due to the complexity of the economy caused by humans as the roles of the economic activities. Humans are irrational sometimes and they are interacting with each other. They behave differently in different time and different situation. In theoretical mathematical economics, economists try to model the economy qualitatively using abstract mathematical tools. Applied mathematical economics introduces simplifying approximations to the theoretical qualitative model and quantifies model parameters for deterministic or stochastic computation or reasoning in order to predict and control the economic processes. This paper presents a framework for macro-economic modeling based on integrating qualitative and quantitative information. The framework introduces a new concept of integrated model, and incorporates integrated model construction, applied model selection and integration, model system evolution, and model-based qualitative and quantitative reasoning in a human-machine system. It is a modeling methodology in a multidimensional model space and a qualitative and quantitative mixed information environment. Under this framework, the complex economy modeling will be systemal and insightful, and the model(s) will be more applicable.

Dynamic linear time temporal logic

British accounting association: Annual report 1991

We study a framework for the specification of architecture styles as families of architectures involving a common set of types of components and coordination mechanisms. The framework combines two logics: 1 interaction logics for the specification of architectures as generic coordination schemes involving a configuration of interactions between typed components; 2 configuration logics for the specification of architecture styles as sets of interaction configurations. The presented results build on previous work on architecture modelling in BIP. We show how propositional interaction logic can be extended into a corresponding configuration logic by adding new operators on sets of interaction configurations. We provide a complete axiomatisation of the propositional configuration logic, as well as a decision procedure for checking that an architecture satisfies given logical specifications. To allow genericity of specifications, we study first-order and second-order extensions of the propositional logic. We provide examples illustrating the application of the results to the characterization of architecture styles. Finally, we provide an experimental evaluation using the Maude rewriting system to implement the decision procedure for the propositional logic.

Identifying Monotonic and Non-Monotonic Relationships

We proposed an all-optical logic system constructed by combining cross-waveguide geometries including nonlinear cavity enabling all-kinds of logic gates. Proposed logic system is reconfigurable into any kinds of Boolean operations by appropriate placing of defect rods and adjusting its refractive index.

在基于可持续能源的产品设计过程中，产品低碳设计对象具有大量的定性和定量相结合的复杂知识，而如何利用上述不完备信息实现基于可持续能源的产品低碳设计的方案评价问题，是当前面临的一个挑战。本文通过建立基于可持续能源的低碳产品设计评价决策体系框架，实现了面向设计目录的基于可持续能源的产品多目标加权模糊层次分析法的综合评价。该模型采用多目标加权模糊层次分析法将低碳产品设计阶段的大量模糊定性知识转化成定量数据，从而实现智能化评价。该模型主要包含了五个模块：评价项构造模块、评价项权重求解模块、综合评价模块、设计师选择模块以及知识库管理模块。实践证明：上述基于可持续能源的产品低碳性能评价方法能够有效地支持产品低碳设计与评价决策。 In the low-carbon design process of sustainable energy-based product, there are complex qualitative and quantitative knowledge and information in the design object of low-carbon product. It is a challenge to evaluate low-carbon design solutions in the sustainable energy-based low-carbon product design with the incomplete qualitative and quantitative information. This paper established sustainable energy-based product low-carbon design performance evaluation model for decision-making system based on design catalog. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of the design catalog for sustainable energy-based products based on multi-objective weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was achieved, through the establishment of a sustainable energy-based low-carbon product design evaluation decision framework. With multi-objective weighted fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, fuzzy qualitative knowledge in low-carbon design will be transferred into quantitative data to realize intelligent evaluation. The model contains five modules: structure evaluation module, evaluation weight solution module, evaluation modules, select module and knowledge management module. It has proved that the above performance evaluation method of low-carbon product based on sustainable energy can effectively support product design and evaluation of low-carbon decisions.

<p><strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study was to explore female community health agents' views about the value of recording qualitative information on contextual health issues they observe during home visits, data that are not officially required to be documented for the Brazilian System of Primary Healthcare Information.</p> <p><strong>Background:</strong> The study was conducted in community primary healthcare centres located in the cities of Araçatuba and Coroados (state of São Paulo) and Rio de Janeiro (state of Rio de Janeiro), Brazil.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The design was a qualitative, exploratory study. The purposeful sampling criteria were being female, with a minimum of three years of continuous service in the same location. Data collection with 62 participants was conducted via 11 focus groups (in 2007 and 2008). Audio files were transcribed and submitted to the method of thematic analysis. Four themes guided the analysis: working with qualitative information and undocumented observation; reflecting on qualitative information; integrating/analysing quantitative and qualitative information; and information-sharing with agents and family health teams. In 2010, 25 community health agents verified the final interpretation of the findings.</p> <p><strong>Findings:</strong> Participants valued the recording of qualitative, contextual information to expand understanding of primary healthcare issues and as an indicator of clients' improved health behaviour and health literacy. While participants initiated the recording of additional health information, they generally did not inform the family health team about these findings. They perceived that team members devalued this type of information by considering it a reflection of the clientele's social conditions or problems beyond the scope of medical concerns. Documentation of qualitative evidence can account for the effectiveness of health education in two ways: by improving preventative care, and by amplifying the voices of underprivileged clients who live in poverty to ensure the most appropriate and best quality primary healthcare for them.</p>

Many educators and researchers are trying to define statistical literacy for the 21st century. Kimura, a Japanese science educator, has suggested that a key task of statistical literacy is the ability to extract qualitative information from quantitative information, and/or to create new information from qualitative and quantitative information. This article presents research that offers a theoretical basis using the SOLO Taxonomy to capture students’ ability to create new information from qualitative and quantitative information. This research shows that the “creation of dimensionally new information” is a complex construct requiring further research and a deeper analysis than Kimura appears to have used.

Bioelectronic tongue and multivariate analysis: A next step in BOD measurements