A Methodology for Architecting Collaborative Product Service System of Systems

Alliance formation by intermediary ventures in the solar service industry: implications for product–service systems research

PSS design through Design for Supply Chain: State of the art review

Manufacturing companies today instead of selling classical products turn more to offer Product Service Systems (PSS). The development of PSS in manufacturing industry requires intensive collaboration among various actors across the value chain. Innovative collaborative ICT environment including sets of advanced tools allowing for effective PSS development are needed. Enormous amount of knowledge to be gathered and shared under dynamically changing conditions, and diffused to a wide spectrum of actors involved, having different expertise and working conditions/cultures, asks for effective context sensitive solutions for knowledge capturing, analysis and diffusion. The paper presents a novel approach for context sensitivity of tools to support collaborative PSS development. The proposed solution is one of the first attempts to provide holistic methodology and set of software services allowing for context sensitivity of diverse PSS engineering tools. The context model based on ontology and the set of services for context monitoring and extraction are specified and developed. The application of the proposed solution in machine industry for collaborative PSS development is discussed.

Overcoming the Product-Service Model Adoption Obstacles

By offering of Product Service Systems (PSS) traditional product-oriented companies get an excellent opportunity to create new value by delivering customers a unique utility. This comes along with the improvement of the companies’ competitive position on both, the domestic and the international marketplaces. A PSS is a combination of tangible or intangible products and services. Current available PSS approaches in literature as a set of guided methodologies how to implement a PSS out of a traditional product are manly focussed on the needs of large companies. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) habitually tend to block such approaches due to much complexity of the frameworks and missing usability and adaptability. However, PSS can also provide many opportunities for SMEs to generate new and innovative business models. In addition, the concept of customer centricity is currently not present at SMEs as well as the PSS research. To attract interest of SMEs in PSS a framework that is suitable to fit their needs is required. Hence, a first step is presented in this paper as the interaction based approach will help to make complex PSS frameworks applicable for SMEs.

Crafting business models for conflicting goals: Lessons from creative service firms

Establishing product-service systems (PSSs) has for a few decades been considered a key task for manufacturers to achieve sustainable competitiveness. However, it is also a challenging task, requiring adaptation of several functions in the manufacturers’ organisations. Production is one of these functions, and the overarching purpose of this study is to investigate what guidance is available to production managers, who aim to adapt their production units to support PSSs. To compile how PSSs will likely change what is commonly expected from producing functions, a review was conducted of 69 recent, structured literature reviews in the PSS literature. The results indicate a variety of likely changes to the common expectations, but they have not been described comprehensively enough to guide production managers who aim to adapt for PSSs. A more thorough review is needed to validate these conclusions, but if that review would reach similar conclusions, and spark investigations into how PSS will change the expectations on producing functions, this could close an important research-practice gap in the PSS literature.

Leveraging the Sustainability Potential of Mass Customization through Product Service Systems in the Consumer Electronics Industry

Global warming has constantly been regarded as a major threat to sustainable development. Thus, reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions entails committed action through sustainable management practices based on a life cycle perspective. A product service system (PSS) is a new business model that has been adopted by many companies and is currently widely used in developed countries. The PSS model can achieve not just economic benefits, but also many environmental benefits such as carbon reduction. Currently, almost every household owns various types of appliances such as washing machines. Along with lifestyle changes, self-service laundries have become a typical PSS. This study investigates carbon emissions from traditional laundry practices (i.e., washing machines) and PSS modes (i.e., self-service laundries) by life cycle assessment. We compare the life cycle carbon emissions of a community with 360 households, each owning a washing machine, with those of a commercial coinoperated laundromat with five self-service commercial washing machines. Two life span scenarios of washing by a household's washing machine (i.e., 7 years) and a commercial coin-operated laundromat (i.e., 21 years) were considered for comparison.

Предметом исследования является процесс формирования новых бизнес-моделей высокотехнологичных компаний в условиях глобальной цифровой кооперации. Цель: исследование перспектив и проблем формирования новых бизнес-моделей высокотехнологичных компаний России в условиях глобальной цифровой кооперации. Методология исследования носит междисциплинарный характер, в статье применяются как общенаучные методы, так и специальные аналитические и статистические методы исследования, а также метод научного синтеза. Исходные цифровые данные для анализа взяты из открытых источников тематических обзоров консалтинговых агентств VC.RU, Центр исследований Сколково, Digital IQ, PWC. Результаты исследования подтвердили гипотезу о том, что для поддержания конкурентной позиции и обеспечения умного роста высокотехнологичных компаний РФ необходимо обновление их стратегических бизнес-моделей Выводы: 1. Основные бизнес-модели устройства высокотехнологичных компаний включают в себя: интеграционную бизнес-модель, дирижистскую, модель лицензирования. 2. Как показало исследование, российские финтех-компании практически дублируют зарубежный опыт и тренды цифровизации бизнес-процессов, что связано как с глубокой интеграцией российских банков в мировую банковскую систему, так и тщательно отлаженные стандарты цифрового этикета, и методологию построения операционных бизнес-процессов в цифре. 3. У российских High-Tech компаний нефинансового сектора имеется значительное расхождение в части мотивации к новаторству (16,0 % в РФ против 36,0 % в мире), готовность работать в новой отрасли или выход на новый рынок (4,0 % против 18,0 %), зато ввиду наличия существенных пробелов с эффективностью организации операционных бизнес-процессов менеджмент оценивает новую бизнес-модель именно с позиции ее потенциальных способностей сократить операционные издержки. 4. Для финтех-компаний ожидается использование таких бизнес-моделей, как следующий гигант (Next Giant), партнер по своей воле, пятый элемент. Для нефинансового сектора — охотники за эффективностью и новаторы. Завершающим этапом масштабной эволюции бизнес-моделей высокотехнологичных компаний финансового и нефинансового сектора РФ станет массовизация бизнес-модели кросс-функциональной экосистемы. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы как в образовательном процессе в рамках преподавания дисциплин «Стратегический менеджмент», «Управление проектами», «Бизнес-моделирование», «Форсайт-менеджмент», так и в практическом аспекте при разработке проектов обновления стратегических бизнес-моделей высокотехнологичных компаний. Дальнейшие направления исследований планируется акцентировать на оценке финансово-экономического потенциала роста обновленных бизнес-моделей, анализа возможностей масштабирования новых бизнес-моделей на мезоуровне, а также тестирование возможности создания высокотехнологичных франшиз и их экспорта. Subject of research: the process of forming new business models of high-tech companies in the context of global digital cooperation. Goal: To study the prospects and problems of forming new business models of high-tech companies in Russia in the context of global digital cooperation. The research methodology is interdisciplinary, the article uses both general scientific methods, as well as special analytical and statistical methods of research, as well as the method of scientific synthesis. Initial digital data for analysis are taken from open sources of thematic reviews of consulting agencies VC.RU, Skolkovo Research Center, Digital IQ, PWC. The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that in order to maintain a competitive position and ensure smart growth of high-tech companies of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to update their strategic business models Conclusions: 1. The main business models of the device of high-tech companies include: integration business model, conducting, licensing model. 2. As the study showed, Russian fintech companies practically duplicate foreign experience and trends in the digitalization of business processes, which is associated with both the deep integration of Russian banks into the global banking system, as well as carefully debugged digital etiquette standards, and the methodology for building operational business processes in the figure. 3. Russian High-Tech companies in the non-financial sector have a significant discrepancy in terms of motivation for innovation (16.0% in the Russian Federation versus 36.0% in the world), readiness to work in a new industry or enter a new market (4.0% versus 18.0%), but due to significant gaps in the effectiveness of the organization of operational business processes, management evaluates the new business model precisely from the position of its potential abilities to reduce transaction costs. 4. For fintech companies, the use of business models such as the next giant (Next Giant), a partner of its own free will, the 5th element is expected. For the non-financial sector – efficiency hunters and innovators. The final stage of the large-scale evolution of business models of high-tech companies in the financial and non-financial sector of the Russian Federation will be the mass of the business model of the cross-functional ecosystem. The results of the study can be used both in the educational process as part of the teaching of the disciplines "Strategic Management," "Project Management," "Business Modeling," "Forsyth Management," and in the practical aspect when developing projects for updating strategic business models of high-tech companies. Further research areas are planned to focus on assessing the financial and economic potential of the growth of updated business models, analyzing the possibilities of scaling new business models at the meso-level, as well as testing the possibility of creating high-tech franchises and their exports. Key words: business model, strategies, innovation, digitalization, intellectual capital, stakeholders, Industry 4.0, proactive development, venture capital investments.

Implications of Service-related Business Models on Product Development Processes

While many models for sustainable product-service systems (PSS) integrate the multi-actor perspective, few provide insights on how the territory in which actors implement the system influences its sustainability. This paper explores the implementation of a territorial PSS at a city or regional scale as a means to structuring value networks and enhancing its sustainability potential. The research combines a multidisciplinary literature review with two exploratory sustainable PSS cases in packaging and cloth baby diapers. The paper proposes a framework explaining how sustainable PSS providers develop territorial networks that consider a diversity of actors from civil, industrial, and public spheres to mobilize resources for value creation at organizational, network, and territorial levels. It identifies contextual factors, such as proximity, social embeddedness of relations, and the visions that influence the consolidation and sustainability of the territorial PSS networks. The empirical cases show the development of territorial networks enhances embed social relations among actors and enables the sustainable PSS concept to adapt to locally articulated sustainability principles and priorities. The paper discusses the implications of this approach for PSS for sustainability managers and designers. The study fills a gap by showing the importance of integrating a diversity of territorial actors as a pre-condition for PSS to contribute to the sustainability transitions and resilience of territories. Future research may validate the proposed framework and focus on identifying opportunities and barriers for the territorial PSS approach in different contexts such as industries and company sizes.

This paper primarily deals with a systematic literature review on Product-Service Systems (PSS) classifications. The initial question was, how can information and profound knowledge regarding the classification of PSS be acquired? A very extensive scientific and systematic literature research containing 125 works was carried out for this purpose. In doing so, we concentrated on the central question of how PSS can be classified. Here we have found out which PSS classifications are widely used in literature and how they differentiate. As a result, the five identified PSS classifications are described and compared. Derived from this, we have analysed the various PSS types from the PSS classification and made a comparison of these types for the first time in the literature. As a result, similarities and differences between the authors are presented and examined. This research will enable us to go one step ahead and develop a framework that can be applied to classify companies or certain business models in regard to PSS. Thus, a scientific contribution could be made to the field of PSS classification.

\n Considering the competitiveness of global markets within an ever-changing environment, a company\\'s Business Model should be able to innovate constantly to capture value within the company, while addressing better the customer needs. The PSS Business Model represents an innovation while providing value to the customer supported by a combination of products and services. However, the PSS Business Model also needs to innovate constantly. The Internet of Things (IoT) comprises networked objects able to interact with each other and to people, to reach common goals with a high level of efficiency, thus presenting potential to create a new value proposition to PSS Business Model Design. However, the existing literature represents an IoT solution into PSS Design, using either technical constructs or a high level free textual description. The goal of this study is to propose a \\"Method to support the representation of IoT solutions during the PSS Business Model Design\\". The method was developed based on the Design Research Methodology (DRM), comprising three research stages. During the first and second stages, a literature review was conducted to generate theoretical requirements for guiding the proposition of the method. During the third stage, the requirements were developed, and multiple case studies using secondary sources were used to propose the method in theory. During the final activity of the third stage, an exploratory application of the method for a Driverless PSS Car Sharing were applied and its results, as well as all the method\\'s artifacts, were object of an initial evaluation by a focus group. The results indicated that method has potential to provide a common language for the PSS Business Model designers, while providing detailed information, to be added to the dimensions of a PSS Business Model that comprises IoT solutions.\n

Product-service systems (PSS) adoption has increased over the last years due to its potential for innovative value creation. However, the identification of ideas and opportunities in the innovation planning and the structuring of PSS projects are still incipient in organizations, following the same patterns adopted for product development. Currently, there is not a systematic approach that can be followed for the formulation of PSS proposals in the fuzzy front end. Therefore, the aim of this research is to develop a method for defining PSS project proposals based on attributes that should be considered by companies during this definition. The systematization of PSS attributes may help increase the knowledge about different PSS projects that can emerge in the front end, thus leading to the discovery of opportunities that are not apparent in the existing business models and give rise to new ideas that can be translated into successful projects.