A new multi-criteria decision process to prioritise requirements

One of the biggest problems for Zakat management institutions is the issue of trust. Many people still do not fully trust Zakat institutions, so they directly send Zakat to the needy. In this research, we try to contribute by taking some criteria in the field of e-commerce which has been developing very rapidly. These criteria are related to how the buyer can trust the seller, which is used the recommendation and rating. These criteria are incorporated into the system together with 3 commonly used criteria such us property status, marital status and job status. Then the criteria are evaluated using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. So that the giver (Muzaki) of zakat later can be helped in determining receiver (Mustahik) that should be assisted. In order for no more people to donate directly to Mustahik, in this program, the previous Mustahik must be validated by the zakat institution. The result of this research is the rank of the Mustahik, based on the criteria values that have been included by the recommendations.

Groundwater resources are essential for drinking water, irrigation, and the economy mainly in semiarid environments where rainfall is limited. Currently, unpredictable rainfall due to climate change and pollution on the Earth’s surface directly affects groundwater resources. In this area, most people depend on groundwater resources for irrigation and drinking purposes, and every summer, most of the area depends on groundwater in a semiarid environment. Hence, we selected two popular methods, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and multiple influence factor (MIF) methods, which can be applied to map groundwater potential zones. Nine thematic layers, such as land use and land cover (LULC), geomorphology, soil, drainage density, slope, lineament density, elevation, groundwater level, and geology maps, were selected for this study using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. These layers are integrated in ArcGIS 10.5 software with the help of the AHP and MIF methods. The map of the groundwater potential zones in the study area revealed four classes, i.e., poor, moderate, good, and very good, based on the AHP and MF methods. The groundwater potential zone area is 241.50 (ha) Poor, 285.64 (ha) moderate, 408.31 (ha) good, and 92.75 (ha) very good using the AHP method. Similarly, the MIF method revealed that the groundwater potential classes were divided into four classes: 351.29 (ha) poor, 511.18 (ha), moderate, 123.95 (ha) good, and 41.78 (ha) very good. The results were compared to determine which methods are best for planning water and land resource development in specific areas that have basaltic rock and drought conditions. Both groundwater potential zone maps were validated with water yield data. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) model results are found to be 0.80 (good) and 0.93 (excellent) using the MIF and AHP methods, respectively; hence, the AHP method is best for delineation of groundwater potential zone maps and groundwater resource planning. The present study’s framework and the results will be valuable for improving the efficiency of irrigation, conserving rainwater and maintaining the ecosystem in India.

Rapid population growth integrated with poor governance and urban planning is highly challenging resulting key for the selection of unsuitable landfill sites, particularly in developing counties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the suitable solid waste landfill sites in the capital of the country as a case study, by the integration of Geographical Information System (GIS) with fuzzy logic, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and weighted linear combination (WLC) method based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). We chose thirteen (13) criteria (9 factors and 4 constraints) and grouped them into two main categories (environmental and socioeconomic) to achieve the objectives. The AHP was employed to evaluate the relative importance of the factors followed by standardization of criteria factors based on fuzzy set theory. Subsequently, all criteria factors were combined based on AHP and fuzzy logic-WLC method in order to obtain land suitability map. Finally, the sites were identified by the intersection of two combined suitability index layers. The obtained results depicted that the integration of fuzzy logic, AHP, and WLC technique with GIS can produce satisfactory results for the suitable locations of solid waste landfill sites over complex topographic regions. Overall, the land suitability obtained based on fuzzy-WLC is more refined and smooth because of its better segregation and its potential to consider full tradeoff between factors and average risk. The AHP was identified (47km2) as high suitable while fuzzy-WLC generated 36km2 as suitable area. Finally, the intersection of both suitability index map shows numerous suitable landfill sites available in Islamabad city; however, the surface areas of the sites are small at individual level (less than 15ha).

The government's limited budget in managing the condition of the road pavement causes the government to compile a priority ranking of the roads to be handled. Each decision maker has a different assessment for each factor or criterion that is considered in determining the path. This problem requires the same perception from decision makers in choosing road handling priorities. Priority by determining more than one criteria can be done using Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) analysis such as Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Analytic Network Process (ANP). This study seeks to obtain priority handling of the Jalan Bts. Tapteng/Tapsel – Batang Toru – Bts. Sidempuan City using AHP and ANP methods. The criteria used are traffic volume, level of road damage, government policies, handling costs, and area development. The segmentation of the road segment is applied in this study into 9 sub-sections to obtain a uniform alternative length of the road. The results show that the most influential criteria in road handling using the AHP method are traffic volume (0.428), followed by policy (0.192), cost (0.187), road conditions (0.141), and area development (0.052). While in the ANP method, the criteria with the largest weight are traffic volume (0.301), followed by policies (0.196), costs (0.194), road conditions (0.174), and area development (0.134). The results of the two methods also determine the priority of different road handling roads. The results of the ANP method are expected to be a more objective priority due to the consideration of feedback on the elements and clusters themselves.

With the rapid development of science and technology, new technology is starting to be used in various fields including education. Education has a very important progress in a nation, because it can optimize individual potential. The educational process in higher education has a big influence on a student's future. However, there are many students who experience difficulties in choosing a college major after graduating from vocational high school (SMK) or senior high school (SMA), because of the complexity in identifying the suitability between interests and study programs. Decision making is a problem that everyone faces, especially in choosing an appropriate college major. There are many factors to consider, and with many options available, the decision-making process can be difficult. To overcome this problem, this research aims to create a decision support system (DSS) using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and TOPSIS (Technique For Order By Similarity To Ideal Solution) methods. The AHP method is used to solve complex problems by structuring a hierarchy of criteria and developing weights or priorities. However, when the AHP method is used with many criteria and alternatives, other methods are needed for more effective results. Therefore, a combined method of AHP and TOPSIS was chosen, where AHP focuses on pairwise comparison matrices and consistency analysis, while TOPSIS can measure relative performance and alternative decision making simply and efficiently. The results of research on decision support systems for selecting majors using the AHP and TOPSIS methods show that the application of the combined AHP-TOPSIS method can be used to determine the best alternative in selecting majors by comparing alternatives based on predetermined criteria. In addition, system testing results show that the system functions as expected and meets user needs. With a decision support system for selecting college majors implemented on the website, it can simplify the decision-making process for students and BK teachers in choosing college majors. The results of the calculation of the percentage of system feasibility in blackbox testing show a value of 95.71%, which indicates that this major selection decision support system website can be used.

BACKGROUND: In the context of the progressive movement towards patientcentred care, patient-specific decision support is an important focus of interest. Many diagnostic and treatment patient decision aids (PDAs) are now available to help patients make informed choice decisions. An increasing number of these are software-based, with some available online. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) is a potentially useful technique on which to base a software-assisted PDA, especially when the decision is complex - as is the case in choosing the best treatment for non-small cell lung cancer – but it has so far been relatively little exploited in this area. The use of any from a number of existing MCDA-based software applications in the development and delivery of a MCDA-based interactive PDA can be an effective way of achieving “best-practice” or normative standards of decision making, such as 1) a well-constructed set of decision criteria or 2) logically consistent patient preferences. However, it also involves the use of resources such as the time and cognitive effort involved in decision-making. The comparative evaluation of alternative MCDA-based software applications in developing and delivering a PDA therefore involves trade-offs between decision effectiveness and decision resource criteria moving from the normative to the prescriptive. MCDA is an ideal tool for this meta-evaluation task as well as for the adoption decision itself. AIM: To analyse, as proof of concept, the use of MCDA for the development, implementation and evaluation of interactive PDAs in routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the use with clinicians in the Spanish NHS of two alternative MCDA software applications which implement dissimilar MCDA techniques in the development of a PDA in routine clinical practice; 2. To assess the use with clinicians in the Spanish NHS of the same two alternative MCDA software applications in the implementation of a PDA in an environment replicating actual clinical consultations; 3. To build a meta-multi-criteria decision model based on the Decision Resources Decision Effectiveness Analysis (DRDEA) framework and assess the use of this model by clinicians in the Spanish NHS to make the choice between the two MCDA applications as the basis for a PDA. METHODS: 1) Two dissimilar MCDA software applications served as a basis for the development of a lung cancer clinical management PDA in close collaboration with two different groups of three clinicians from two different Spanish NHS hospitals (H1 and H2): 1) Expert Choice, which implements the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) MCDA approach; 2) Annalisa in Elicia (ALEL), which implements the Simple Attribute Weighting (SAW) MCDA approach. The process of codevelopment of the PDA in hospitals H1 and H2 was documented; 2) Expert Choice was used to implement (i.e. deliver) the lung cancer clinical management PDA in three hypothetical consultations in hospital H1. In each consultation, one of the three clinicians involved in the development of the tool, with support by this researcher, guided a proxy patient (a non-clinical member of hospital staff) through the PDA. The same process was repeated with the MCDA software ALEL in hospital H2. The process of delivery of the PDA in hospitals H1 and H2 was documented; 3) This researcher built a meta-multi-criteria decision model based on the DRDEA framework to help clinicians choose between different MCDA software applications as the basis of a PDA. The MCDA approach used for this meta-model was Multi- Attribute Value Theory (MAVT). The model was implemented, using the software HiView 3, with three clinicians from hospital H3 for the choice between Expert Choice and ALEL as the basis of a lung cancer clinical management PDA. RESULTS: The thesis makes a three-fold contribution to research in patient-centred decision support. First, it presents two new MCDA software-based approaches to clinical decision support, based on joint work with clinicians in the Spanish NHS, for developing an interactive PDA for the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer. Second, it describes the use of these decision support tools in the delivery of 5 an interactive PDA for the clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer in a hospital environment via simulated consultations between actual clinicians, with support from this researcher, and proxy lung cancer patients. Third, it presents and applies a new MCDA-based methodology for evaluating the use of alternative MCDA software applications in the development and delivery of interactive PDAs.

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFCs) have recently received much attention as eco-friendly materials due to their desired characteristics such as the high specific properties, low cost, and recyclability features. Achieving an optimal reinforcement condition in NFCs to obtain desired properties is still challenging for both designers and industry. Selecting an appropriate reinforcement condition for natural fiber composites can dramatically enhance achieving better low-cost sustainable design possibilities. Several factors affect acquiring such reinforcement conditions, which make it a matter of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. This work was able to build and implement DM models in the field of NFCs to optimize the reinforcement conditions for the first time. Here, both Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods were utilized to achieve the optimal reinforcement condition of the date palm/epoxy composite to maximize its overall tensile property considering combined evaluation criteria. Eleven potential reinforcement conditions were evaluated regarding Maximum Tensile Strength (MTS), Maximum Shear Stress (MSS) and Elongation to Break (EL) criteria simultaneously. Experts’ feedback was surveyed to determine both the appropriateness of the evaluation criteria as well as their corresponding weights. MSS has the most contribution in the evaluation process with a weight of 39.0 %, whereas MTS and EL have weights of 31.0 % and 29.0 % respectively. The harmony between AHP and TOPSIS methods in determining the optimal reinforcement condition considering the whole desired evaluation criteria increased its reliability. This work presents a guide and roadmap for implementing proper decision making models in the field of natural fiber composites to optimize their desired characteristics as it is implemented here for the first time.

In this study, it is aimed to examine the studies based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method in the field of education and to present the researcher's perspective on how to use the AHP method in the field of education. Within the scope of this aim, firstly the AHP method was introduced with a sample application and then the results were interpreted. The other aim of the research; studies which based on the AHP methods in the field of education in the last five years have been examined through content analysis. AHP; is one of the “Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDC)” methods that can determine the priority or weights among the criteria and alternatives based on comparative judgments. The content analysis conducted within the scope of the research was carried out in the context of eight criteria determined by the researchers. According to the results of the analysis; the AHP method has shown an increasing tendency compared to the years, and usually is used for determining and prioritizing teaching priorities. Especially in Asia Pacific countries, the AHP method is used much more intensive. Another result is that the AHP method is used to make group decisions rather than individual decisions. It has been seen that the research has been done especially with undergraduate students. In addition to these, there are lots of studies with academicians and experts.

<title>Abstract</title> In mountainous regions, landslides cause substantial socio-economic harms since they are among the most common and damaging natural disasters. The Upper Satluj River Basin in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh is particularly vulnerable to landslides due to its mountainous terrain and intricate geology. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method of analysis is the foundation for the landslide hazard zonation (LHZ) mapping in study area. The authors of this study evaluated twelve factors based on how much they contributed to landslide incidents. The AHP method allows for an objective factor weighting process by determining the importance of each factor for the decision-making process through pairwise comparisons. The final landslide hazard zone map has been categorised into five hazard zones, from very low to low to moderate and high to very high levels. 36% of the study area is in the high to very high hazard zone, 30% is in the moderate hazard zone, and 34% is in the low to very low hazard zone. Most of these high-susceptibility zones are located in the northern, northeastern, and some central regions of the study area. A test using ROC curves and AUC measurements showed that the model's performance evaluation accuracy was 71%. The AHP-based model's prediction results for the study area demonstrate a trustworthy approach to landslide susceptibility assessment. The study provides crucial information for planning land use, disaster management, and infrastructure development across the Upper Satluj River Basin. To lessen the impact of landslides on infrastructure and communities, local governments and legislators must focus their mitigation efforts on high-risk areas that have been identified. This study proves that multi-criteria spatial analysis should be included in future research while also proving that the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) provides effective landslide hazard evaluation.

Land degradation is a worldwide phenomenon that negatively affects the topsoil of agricultural land. The Mediterranean region is the hardest hit by this phenomenon, which is set to increase due to climate change. This study aims to assess the susceptibility of land to degradation under climate change, based on the calculation of the Land Degradation Sensitivity Index (LDI) in the upstream Ouergha catchment in in Northern Morocco (Southern Mediterranean), using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDM) method. In this study, 4 main criteria (climate, vegetation, soil and human environment) divided into 15 sub-criteria were used to assess soil sensitivity to degradation. The weight of each criterion was assigned using the AHP method. The degree of soil degradation was classified on a map based on four categories (low, moderate, high and critical). About 14.9% of land is not very sensitive to degradation, while 37.2% of land is highly sensitive to degradation. Vegetation and climate were identified as the main drivers of land degradation (37% and 28% respectively). Climate scenarios for model EC-Earth3-Veg (CMIP6) indicate a significant drop in precipitation in this region, which accelerates soil degradation. The result represents a planning tool that can help decision-makers to take the necessary measures to ensure sustainable soil management in the face of climate change

Watershed prioritization using morphometric analysis by MCDM approaches

Scheduling is one of the important things in teaching and learning process. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is a system analysis method that can be used to connect unstructured situation into a spesific part that used to make an effective decisions. The application of AHP based on the decomposition of objectives, evaluates values through pairwise comparisons in stages and able to choose the best alternative from some alternatives. The purpose of this study is to prove whether the AHP method can be used to determine scoring for the election of lecturer schedules and to knowing the result of AHP’s scoring The data in this study are: criteria of the subjects, lecturers, SKS, lecturer status, space, time to determine the score and alternative, namely in the form of even semester teachers. As for producing departmental recommendations, input is needed in the form of score resulting from the AHP calculation and calculating the space that shows the floor, day and course. This study uses comparative data and the same alternative from previous studies,that is scheduling data for the Even Semester of Mechanical Engineering Study Department that certain on scheduling for regular lectures. The final results of this study include several names that can be used for scheduling first. Judging from the previous research using the DS / AHP method, 17 lecturers got the order from 29 lecturers, but in this study, the whole can be sorted.

Pharmacy staff is a health service that needs to improve the quality of its service to answering customer expectations and demands. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Rating Scale are powerful instruments as evaluation tools in management because they can assess the performance of the Hospital Pharmacy Installation. This study aims to analyze the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method and the Rating Scale at Bhayangkara Hospital Medan in 2020. This type of research is quantitative research. The research design uses a correlation study with a retrospective approach equipped with a sheet. Observations are in the form of a table list. The sample in this research is all officers involved in the distribution of drugs in the inpatient room of the Bhayangkara Hospital Medan who receive drug distribution from the pharmacy. The sampling technique in this study used a total sampling technique, namely taking a sample of the entire population in the study. Based on the sampling technique, the total sample was 57 people. The results of the cross table between the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the Rating Scale method in the Bhayangkara Hospital Installation in Medan in 2020, which shows the p-value for each variable, namely the quality p-value = 0.000, the quantity value p = 0.006, the use time value p = 0.000, the cooperation value p = 0.000. This study concludes that there is an influence between the performance of pharmacy officers in drug distribution using the AHP method and the Rating Scale at the Bhayangkara Hospital Installation in Medan in 2020. It is recommended that pharmaceutical officers further improve health services, especially paying attention to drug distribution for each installation in the hospital. Keywords: Performance, AHP, Rating Scale, Pharmacy Officers.

The role of SMEs in Indonesia in the country's economy is very important. Because the development of SMEs in Indonesia is quite rapid where almost one million per year. However, many problems in the development of SMEs have even led to bankruptcy. This research has the aim of obtaining an appropriate strategy to develop SMEs especially for SMEs which are included in the superior SMEs villages such as the SMEs bag in Gadukan Surabaya. Hopefully in the future the strategy can be implemented for other SMEs in the city of Surabaya. The method used in this study is using the Delphi method for identification of factors, factor evaluation using Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) and External Factor Evaluation (EFE), designing alternative strategies with SWOT analysis, positioning SMEs with a grand strategy matrix, and selecting strategies that right with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The results obtained in this study are getting 5 strength factors, 7 weakness factors, 6 opportunity factors, and 5 threat factors. Produce 18 alternative strategies resulting from the SWOT analysis. The position of SMEs in the Grand Strategy matrix quadrant is in Quadrant I. The results of the prioritized strategy determination by the AHP method, namely the SMEs bag strategy need to collaborate with the Tourism Office to make the village Gadukan a tourist shopping place for tourists who come to Surabaya.

Process of selecting outstanding cadets is a multi-criteria problem, so get objectively achieving cadets, a decision support system with multiple criteria is needed. As an appreciation for achievement, a few universities provide scholarships for high achieving students. However, a few universities choose outstanding students based only on GPA. This study aims to analyze the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in the Decision Support System for the selection of cadets so that objectively achieving candidates can be determined. Because the number of prospective cadets with many achievements, Random Index (IR) value is obtained from IR table &gt; 15. This study uses 4 criteria, namely the GPA criteria with eigenvectors = 0.111, Scientific works with eigenvectors = 0.563, extracurricular (Achievement) with eigen vector = 0.246 Foreign language proficiency with eigenvector = 0.08. From the research results obtained the value of CR = -0,987 &lt;= 0.1, then the value of the comparison criteria is consistent. The results showed that there were differences in the ranking of outstanding cadets at the Medan Aviation Polytechnic according to the GPA and the AHP method