A new practically oriented generation of nonlinear filtering toolbox

A Lyapunov-based distributed consensus filter for a class of nonlinear stochastic systems

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a solution to the optimal control problem for discrete-time stochastic nonlinear polynomial systems confused with white Poisson noises subject to a quadratic criterion. The solution is obtained in the following way: a nonlinear optimal controller is first developed for polynomial systems, considering the state vector completely available for control design. Then, based on the solution of the state estimation problem for polynomial systems with white Poisson noises, the state estimate vector is used in the control law to obtain a closed-form solution. Performance of this controller is compared to that of the controller employing the extended Kalman filter and the linear-quadratic regulator and the controller designed for polynomial systems confused with white Gaussian noises.

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The stability of stochastic dynamic systems have widespread application prospects and greater theoretical significance. Its theory are mainly applied to engineering control, communication equipment, military technology, biology, finance, etc. In this article, we consider the stability of a Class of nonlinear impulsive neutral stochastic differential dynamic systems. A new set of conditions proving the mean square stability of this nonlinear impulsive neutral stochastic dynamic systems are derived by means of the Banach fixed point theorem. Some well-known results are improved and generalized.

This manuscript deals with parametric and state estimation problem of discrete-time nonlinear polynomials systems. In this respect, the aim is to design a Recursive State and Parametric Estimation (RSPE) algorithm, based on least square principle, polynomial adjustable models and Kalman filter theory. Our simulation results show the validity of the proposed algorithm.

In this thesis a certain estimation problem for nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems in discrete time, known as filtering in the literature, is considered. The objective is to reconstruct the current state of the system by means of observations. The observations are noise corrupted measurements of a function of the state.In the first chapter we will provide concepts from probability theory necessary to define and investigate the nonlinear filtering problem. The definition of the nonlinear filter is presented in the second section of this chapter.The second chapter explains in detail why filtering is an extremely difficult problem in a nonlinear context. It turns out that a finite dimensional representation of the filter is possible in very special circumstances, only. This chapter summarizes known results and is intended mainly as a motivation for the necessity of investigating approximation schemes for the nonlinear filter, considered in the following two chapters.Numerical approximation methods are then investigated from a general point of view in the third chapter. A general framework to obtain error bounds for approximation schemes is presented. Necessary for this investigation are metrics for probability distributions we will make extensive use of. Furthermore, an essential property of the filter required to give a bounded approximation error turns out to be a negative Lyapunov exponent of the filter dynamics.The fourth chapter provides some classes of approximation methods. Common to all these methods are projection techniques on parametrized families of probability distributions. This approach was carried out for continuous time systems already by several authors. However, the error analysis carried out in this thesis is, to the best of our knowledge, new.The last two chapters present (aside from two small sections devoted to a Monte Carlo approach), two interesting and important applications of nonlinear filtering. The first is estimation of an unknown parameter in the dynamics. This problem is very important in all branches of science, and we will present two numerical examples. The second application is reconstruction of a sent message in telecommunications. To this problem a chapter is devoted, including results on the bit error probability obtained using methods from nonlinear filtering theory for a simple transmitter model.To summarize, the aim of this thesis is threefold. First, to show that filtering of nonlinear dynamical system is a nontrivial and interesting problem from a mathematical point of view, second to show methods to overcome the difficulties arising in applications, and third to show that filtering is not a purely artificial mathematical problem but has a great significance in science and engineering.

We consider the event-triggered state and disturbance simultaneous estimation problem for Lipschitz nonlinear systems with an unknown time-varying delay in the state vector. For the first time, state and disturbance can be robustly estimated by using an event-triggered state observer. Our method uses only information of the output vector when an event-triggered condition is satisfied. This contrasts with previous methods of simultaneous state and disturbance estimation based on augmented state observers where the information of the output vector was assumed to be always continuously available. This salient feature, thus, lessens the stress on communication resources while can still maintain an acceptable estimation performance. First, to solve the new problem of event-triggered state and disturbance estimation, and to tackle unknown time-varying delays, we propose a novel event-triggered state observer and establish a sufficient condition for its existence. Then to overcome some technical difficulties in synthesizing observer parameters, we introduce some algebraic transformations and use inequalities, such as the Cauchy matrix inequality and the Schur complement lemma to establish a convex optimization problem in which observer parameters and optimal disturbance attenuation levels can be systematically derived. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the method by using two numerical examples.

A variational Bayesian based robust cubature Kalman filter under dynamic model mismatch and outliers interference

International audience

This paper presents an innovative application of the particle filtering techniques to the vertical gyro problem, which is a highly nonlinear and non Gaussian recursive state estimation problem. The classical approach to recursive state estimation problem of nonlinear and/or non Gaussian systems is based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), which is a heuristic method based on the linearization of the state dynamics and observations near a nominal path. Depending on the amount of nonlinearities and non Gaussian noise, the EKF often provides a solution far from acceptable. The vertical gyro is an instrument adopted to measure the tilt angles (pitch and roll) of an aircraft with respect to local vertical. It is composed by three orthogonal gyros that are used as process sensors and by three orthogonal accelerometers that are used as aiding sensors. The output of accelerometers is filtered using a proper low-pass filter to allow for the estimation of the local direction of the gravity vector that is assumed the same of the local vertical. In the application to the vertical gyro, Gordon's version of the particle filter was used. The relevant dynamical model is based on non-linear attitude rate equation using Euler angles rather than quaternions. The algorithm, developed in Matlab environment, was first calibrated and tested in simulations, obtaining very appealing performances. Subsequently, it was implemented using real data, acquired by means of an inertial unit produced by Crossbow <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> (model DMU-HDX <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> ), and its results were compared to those provided by the proprietary EKF embedded in the unit. First of all, stationary tests were performed. Sensor data were input to the particle filter that outputs the tilt angles (roll and pitch) with respect to the local geodetic reference. The results were compared to those provided by the internal EKF. Subsequently, the same operation was done using data that were acquired with moving platform. The accuracy of the filter was tested also for degraded operating conditions (lower data rates) and large initial errors. The main advantage of the methodology is that, while the internal filter works with 7 states (quaternions, biases and temperature), the particle filter ensures the convergence with 3 states, and provides acceptable performances with 1000 particles only, appearing promising for a real time application.

In this note we consider the state estimation problem for nonlinear systems. In a first step we outline the design of an observer for single output nonlinear systems in observer normal form. The estimate of this observer converges to the exact system state within predefined finite time. This observer is then used in the design of a finite time convergent observer for multiple output systems that are given in block triangular observer normal form. Specifically, the block triangular structure is exploited by recursively designing observers that take the state estimates obtained by the observers for the previous blocks into account. As shown the estimation error of the resulting overall observer converges to zero within finite time. The outlined approach is exemplified considering the state estimation of a eights order two link elastic robot.

This paper is concerned with the stabilization problem for nonlinear stochastic delay systems with Markovian switching by feedback control based on discrete-time state and mode observations. By constructing an efficient Lyapunov functionals, we establish the sufficient stabilization criteria not only in the sense of exponential stability (both the mean-square stability and the almost sure stability) but also in other sense – that of stability and asymptotic stability. Meanwhile, the upper bound on the duration τ between two consecutive state and mode observations is obtained. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.

A mathematical framework for new fault detection schemes in nonlinear stochastic continuous-time dynamical systems

For the state estimation problem of multi-sensor nonlinear systems with unknown parameters and unknown-but-bounded noise, a distributed fusion estimation is proposed. The method firstly converted the nonlinear system to a new linear system by Taylor series expansion. Then an adaptive set-membership filter (ASMF) is designed as the local optimal filter for each sensor system based on set membership estimation. Subsequently, a global optimal filter is obtained by using the union geometry method of the Minkowski sum. Finally, the simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed adaptive distributed fusion estimation algorithm.

This work presents distributed predictor and filter without feedback for nonlinear stochastic uncertain system with correlated noises. Firstly, for the problem that the process noise and measurement noise are correlated, the two-step prediction theorem based on projection theorem is used to replace the one-step prediction theorem, and the two-step prediction value of a single sensor is obtained. Secondly, the two-step prediction value of each sensor state is used as the measurement information to modify the distributed fusion predictor to obtain the distributed fusion prediction value. Then, according to the projection theorem, the prediction value of distributed fusion is used as measurement information to modify the filtering value of distributed fusion. Finally, the Cubature Kalman filter (CKF) algorithm is used to implement the algorithm proposed in this paper. By comparison with existing methods, the algorithm proposed in this paper solves the problem that existing methods cannot handle state estimation and prediction problems for nonlinear multi-sensor stochastic uncertain systems with correlated noises.