A Nove1 4-in-1 Variable Frequency Drive Topology

— The objective of this paper is to investigate the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy, analyze and compare the control effects with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategy in maintaining a level of spherical tank system using VFD. An advanced control method, MPC has been widely used and well received in a wide variety of applications in process control, it utilizes an explicit process model to predict the future response of a process and solve an optimal control problem with a finite horizon at each sampling instant. In this paper, an algorithm is developed for controlling the speed of the pump using VFD to maintain the level of the spherical tank system. Next, the system is modeled and linearized for analysis and design. Model is implemented in a simulation environment based on LabVIEW. Both MPC and PID control methods are tried to design the controller for the water level system in a spherical tank and compared the results in terms of peak time, settling time, overshoot, and steady-state error under various operational conditions including time delays. The results showed the advantage of MPC for dealing with the system dynamic over PID and could be designed for more complex and fast system dynamics even in presence of constraints and Reduction of power consumption by the pump due to usage of VFD for controlling level by varying the speed of the pump based on the level of the tank. Keywords: Non Linear - Spherical Tank System – Level Control – Variable Frequency Drive – PID Controller – MPC Controller – Modeling - LabVIEW. Cite this Article R. Dhanasekar, S. Vijayachitra, M. Pravin Savaridass. Controlling of Level Process in Nonlinear System Using Variable Frequency Drive. Current Trends in Information Technology. 2019; 9(1): 24–33p.

Как правило, сертифицированные средства обеспечения сетевой безопасности представляют собой узкоспециализированные комплексы с неизменной программно-аппаратной платформой. Главным недостатком такой архитектуры является невозможность прозрачного масштабирования устройств с ростом вычислительных возможностей сети. Кроме того, усложняется разработка и поддержка такого комплекса, так как аппаратная платформа быстро устаревает, что приводит к необходимости её замены, а, значит, и к доработке программных компонентов для поддержки нового оборудования. В работе описывается масштабируемая архитектура комплексов обеспечения сетевой безопасности, которая позволяет производителям упростить процесс обновления и разработки средств защиты информации. Главным свойством новой архитектуры является ориентированность на предоставление совокупности специализированных микро-сервисов. Она строится на принципах виртуализации сетевых функций и использует понятие унифицированной доверенной программно-аппаратной платформы. Каждая сетевая функция запускается на некоторой программно-аппаратной платформе, работающей под управлением операционной системы с гипервизором. Ясно, что в случае сертификации по требованиям безопасности конечных продуктов, необходимо обеспечить доверие к аппаратной платформе, операционной системе и гипервизору. Однако архитектура требует унификации программно-аппаратной платформы для всех сетевых функций. Это упрощает разработчикам поддержку конечных продуктов. Благодаря единой доверенной платформе архитектура позволяет упростить процедуры сертификации по требованиям безопасности информации в процессе поддержки и развития конечного продукта. Балансировка нагрузки и согласованность архитектуры обеспечивается средствами, реализующими технологию децентрализованных распределённых реестров (блокчейн). As a rule, certified means of ensuring network security are highly specialized complexes with a constant hardware and software platform. The main disadvantage of this architecture is the impossibility of transparent scaling of devices when the computing power of the network increases. In addition, the development and support of such a complex is complicated, as the hardware platform quickly becomes obsolete, which results in the necessity for replacing it, which means that the software components for the support of new equipment need to be improved. The paper describes the scalable architecture of network security systems, allowing manufacturers to simplify the process of updating and developing information security tools. The main feature of the new architecture is the focus on the provision of a set of specialized micro-services. It is based on the principles of virtualization of network functions and it uses the concept of a unified trusted software and hardware platform. Each network function runs on a hardware and software platform running by the hypervisor operating system. It is clear that in the case of certification for the security requirements of the final products, it is necessary to ensure confidence in the hardware platform, operating system and hypervisor. However, the architecture requires unification of the software and hardware platform for all network functions. This makes it easier for developers to support end-products. Thanks to a single trusted platform, the architecture allows simplifying certification procedures for information security requirements in the process of supporting and developing the final product. Load balancing and architecture consistency are provided by means of implementing the technology of decentralized distributed registries (blockchain).

The three-phase induction motor is one of the most widely used types of electric motor in the industrial world. In its application to regulate the speed and improve the efficiency of the motor used the method of Variable frequency drive (VFD) by changing the input frequencies. The final task uses a simulated simulation method of the simulink matlab that will analyze the influence of frequency and voltage changes on speed, slip, and motor efficiency. The results show that frequency and voltage changes have an impact on induction motor performance that includes speed, slip, and efficiency. Often, they scream and shout. From a frequency of 50 Hz, every 10 percent decrease in the Frequency then the speed also decreases by about 10 percent. Frequencies of 50 Hz and 45 Hz produce speeds of 1440 rpm and 1295 rpm. For the slip, the increase in frequency leads to a decrease in the motor slip value. At the frequencies of 50 Hz and 45 Hz produced slide values of 4% and 16%. The highest efficiency is given at a torque load of 5 Nm and a frequency of 50 Hz with an efficiency of 97%. Keywords: 3-phase induction engine, VFD, Matlab, Frequency, Speed, Slip, Efficiency ABSTRAK Motor induksi tiga fasa adalah salah satu jenis motor listrik yang paling banyak digunakan dalam dunia industri. Dalam penerapannya untuk mengatur kecepatan dan meningkatkan efisiensi motor digunakan metode Variable frequency drive (VFD) dengan mengubah frekuensi masukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode simulasi matlab simulink yang akan menganalisa mengenai pengaruh perubahan frekuensi dan tegangan terhadap kecepatan, slip, dan efisiensi motor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan frekuensi dan tegangan mempunyai dampak terhadap kinerja motor induksi yang meliputi kecepatan, slip, dan efisiensi. Frekuensi berbanding lurus dengan kecepatan dan efisiensi. Dari frekuensi 50 Hz, setiap penurunan frekuensi 10% maka kecepatan juga turun sekitar 10%. Frekuensi 50 Hz dan 45 Hz menghasilkan kecepatan 1440 Rpm dan 1295 Rpm. Untuk slip, kenaikan frekuensi menyebabkan turunnya nilai slip motor. Pada frekuensi 50 Hz dan 45 Hz menghasilkan nilai slip 4% dan 16%. Sedangkan untuk nilai efisiensi tertinggi terjadi ketika diberi beban torsi 5 N.m dan frekuensi 50 Hz dengan efisiensi sebesar 97%.

In order to improve the flexibility of computer protection on relay protection and to simplify the development process, this paper presents a new method which a programmable logic is applied to relay protection in form of software and hardware platform. The method can better satisfy the needs of relay protection. Aiming at the shortage of traditional relay protection deceive, this paper mainly discuss how to realize the modularization of the new hardware and software platform and to make the theoretical analysis about logic hardware and software platform.

Water pumping system is an essential machinery for residential usage. Around 150 litres of water are used by a person in India daily for their daily usage. For this reason the water pumping is used regularly. Due to dynamic performance of the pumping unit pump can be operated in both no load and load condition. Though the pumping system was controlled by throttling drive in the early stage but in modern technological advancement time pumps are controlled by variable frequency drives (VFD). VFD provides the pump variable duty requirements with significant energy saving and improved reliability. In every pumping system due to dynamic forces of hydraulic and mechanical component some vibrations are seen but sometimes this vibrations may be excessive which can damage the components of the pump. The excessive vibrations indicate some problems or failures in the system. Power quality issues are one of those problems which are seen during the vibration of the pump motor and induction motor connected with pump. This paper presents the power quality issues in the pump motor in different control method like vvc+ and v/f control method.

The Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) are a common type of controlling the speed of 3-phase induction motors which are based on two control modulation techniques of Voltage Source Inverter: Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) and Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SV-PWM). The SPWM control technique is known as an easier implementation, but the SV-PWM control technique can be distinguished by an easier digital realization and a better utilization of DC bus. All 3-phase PWM inverters produce a total harmonic distortion (THD) on its output, which causes electromechanical and thermal stresses. The aim of this paper is comparing the low order current harmonics while driving an unbalanced 3-phase induction motor (the case of deterioration of the insulation as a result of inter-turn short circuits between few turns of the same phase) using SPWM and SV-PWM two-level 3-phase Voltage Source Inverters (VSI). For this type of unbalanced 3-phase induction motor, the SVPWM and SV-PWM schemes are modeled and simulated using Matlab/Simulink software. A detailed comparative analysis of THD-phase currents is made for both modulation strategies at different switching frequencies while keeping the constant amplitude modulation index.

Pulsed Power in the form of Recurrent Surge Generator (RSG) can be used for testing various parameters of Motor or Transformer windings including inter turn, interlayer insulation and many other winding defects. In motor and dry type transformers insulation has many interfaces and undesirable defects and these defects can be exposed under this non destructive testing methodology. With the development of power electronics variable frequency drives (VFD), Dry Type or cast resin Transformers used with PWM Sine wave inverters for solar power are being widely used. Solid insulation system used now-a-days are shifting more and more to high frequency applications. To probe the integrity of the Electrical insulation system as well as winding defects we have used the recurrent surge generator for testing winding integrity as well as Partial Discharge(PD) at fast rising voltage enabling PD measurement at closer situation under which the insulation system is supposed to work. We have discussed test results on different system with recurrent surge voltages of different rise time.

The paper explores the optimization of the jaggery manufacturing process through an Industrial IoT-based system. Employing a sophisticated Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and a Variable Frequency Drive (VFD), widely utilized in industrial environments, and a Node MCU System for Real-Time monitoring and controlling, the study aims to elevate operational efficiency. In this context, the PLC automates the jaggery manufacturing process by regulating inputs to the VFD. The VFD, employing the V/f method for speed control with constant flux, dynamically adjusts inputs to the induction motor interlocking with sensors in process, resulting in optimized jaggery production. In this context, the PLC plays a pivotal role in automating the jaggery manufacturing process by precisely regulating inputs to the VFD. This dynamic adjustment leads to a finely tuned and optimized jaggery production process, demonstrating the potential for increased efficiency and productivity in the industry.

A hardware and software platform is presented enabling the design, and realisation via printing, of smart fabrics. The cultural and creative industries are an important economic area within which designers frequently utilise fabrics. Smart fabrics offer further creative opportunities to the cultural and creative industries, but designers often lack the required specialist knowledge, in electronics, software and materials, to produce smart fabrics. The software platform offers the ability to perform design, layout and visualisation of a smart fabric using a library of standard smart fabric functions (e.g. electroluminescence) so specialist expertise is not needed. Operation of the smart fabric can be simulated, and parameters can be set for smart fabric control electronics, which consists of standard circuit board modules. The software also provides driver code for the hardware platform to print the smart fabric. The hardware platform consists of a bespoke dispenser printer; functional inks are deposited via a pneumatic syringe controlled by the driver software, allowing bespoke rapid prototyped smart fabrics to be printed. Operation of the software and hardware system is demonstrated by the realisation of an interactive smart fabric consisting of electroluminescent lamps controlled by a proximity sensor. The modular electronics are used to control the smart fabric operation using embedded code generated by the software platform. For example, the blink rate of the electroluminescent lamp can be adjusted by the proximity of a hand. This control is achieved by the use of intuitive drop-down menus and input/output selections by the creative user. At present, the platform allows the design, print and implementation of smart fabrics incorporating the functions of colour change, electroluminescence, sound emission and proximity sensing. The platform can be expanded to add additional functions in the future and the printer will be compatible with new inks developed for screen and inkjet printing.

A small-size software defined cognitive radio equipment that is composed of a hardware platform and a software platform has been introduced. The hardware platform is composed of a multiband/tunable RF unit with multiple switching circuits, and the signal processing unit is composed of FPGA and CPU boards. The software platform is composed of several managers that manage spectrum sensing and reconfiguration of communication systems and is worked on the Linux. The developed cognitive radio prototype combined by hardware and software platforms senses the signal level (RSSI) over 400 MHz-6 GHz bands and moreover identifies the system by using reconfiguration of software packages and checks RSSI, BER, connectivity, and so on. The software packages can configure specified wireless communication systems and consist of physical layer, MAC/DLC layer, IP layer, and application layer part of the systems. This paper also describes the sensing time and reconfiguration time.

A software defined cognitive radio prototype that consists of a hardware platform and a software platform has been developed. The hardware platform consists of a multi-band antenna supported from UHF band and 2-5 GHz band, multiband RF unit, signal processing unit consists of FPGA and CPU boards. The software platform consists of several managers that manage spectrum sensing and reconfiguration of communication systems by changing software packages. The software packages (called as "waveform") configure specified wireless communication systems and consist of physical layer, MAC/DLC layer, IP layer, and application layer part of the systems. This paper introduces the configuration of the hardware and software platforms and addresses a measurement result of spectrum sensing period and reconfiguration period by using software packages of W-CDMA and IEEE802.11a.

This paper describes the implementation of temperature controller based on fuzzy logic intended for industrial application in software and hardware platform. C++ is chosen as the software platform while VHDL is chosen as the hardware platform. The system is built of four major modules called fuzzification, inference, implication and defuzzification. The composition method selected for the fuzzy model is the max-min composition while the Mamdani min operator was chosen as the implication method. Following the successful simulation, verification, analysis and comparison were performed for both implementations. It is shown that both implementations produce similar results in term of functionalities and outputs with the maximum of 1.18% deviations. This shows the algorithm advantage for dual implementations which is the objective of this work.

The high switching frequencies and edge rates enabled by wide-bandgap (WBG) power semiconductors, such as SiC and GaN MOSFETs, promise higher power density without efficiency penalty in grid-compatible variable frequency drive (VFD) systems. A significant challenge to be addressed in WBG-based VFD design is compliance with EMC standards without over-design. Therefore, common-mode (CM) behavior models that are highly accurate in higher frequencies and computationally efficient are needed. This study demonstrates a “gray”-box analytical method for the CM behavior modeling of an unfiltered 150 hp DC-fed three-phase VFD and the hardware validation. The model developed in this study can mathematically model the differential-mode cross-mode coupling effects on the CM equivalent circuit due to electric circuit and magnetic structure asymmetry with an accuracy of up to 30 MHz.

Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) will soon be replaced by wide band gap devices (SiC and GaN) as the choice for power semi-conductor switch in Voltage Source Inverters. These devices have extremely fast rise time and fall time compared to IGBT devices. The high dv/dt of PWM outputs create excessive voltage stress in the insulation system of AC motors due to voltage reflection issues associated with motors at large distances from the drive. In many oil field applications, the distance between the motor and the Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) approaches 300m. In walking rig applications, it is common to use multiple smaller sized conductors per phase, bunched together, to achieve the desired ampacity. This practice results in higher than usual value of the cable parasitic capacitance. Traditional dv/dt filters used for mitigating over-voltage at motor terminals, have been found to be inadequate in reducing the over voltage at the motor terminals in such oil field installations. The damping resistor often experiences high voltage and gets damaged. A new dv/dt filter suitable for use with high power AC motors at distances nearing 300m with a built-in resistor failure detection circuit is proposed here. Test results are given to demonstrate its efficacy.

Passive bistatic radar is a novel radar technology that passively detects targets without actively emitting signals. Since passive bistatic radar entails larger data volumes and computations compared to traditional active radiation radar, the development of hardware and software platforms capable of efficiently processing signals from passive bistatic radar has emerged as a research focus in this field. This research investigates the signal processing flow of passive bistatic radar based on its characteristics and devises a parallel signal processing scheme under graphic processing unit (GPU) architecture for computation-intensive tasks. The proposed scheme utilizes high-computing-power GPU as the hardware platform and compute unified device architecture (CUDA) as the software platform and optimizes the extensive cancellation algorithm batches (ECA-B), range Doppler and constant false alarm detection algorithms. The detection and tracking of a single target are realized on the passive bistatic radar dataset of natural scenarios, and experiments show that the design of this algorithm can achieve a maximum acceleration ratio of 113.13. Comparative experiments conducted with varying data volumes revealed that this method significantly enhances the signal processing rate for passive bistatic radar.