A novel CNLSTMN based algorithm for predicting dissolved oxygen level of brackish water aquaculture

Limited water exchange shrimp culture technology is commonly used today in many shrimp farms in Vietnam to reduce water usage, input of diseases and discharge of nutrient-rich effluents into environment as well as to increase the production per unit area. However, a remaining problem in this technology is that the water quality in shrimp ponds will be reduced due to limitation of water exchange for a long period. The accumulation of inorganic components such as waste feed, bacterial deposits or other biological debris at the pond bottom will lead to low dissolved oxygen, high ammonia-nitrogen level, high fecal coliform bacteria and high turbidity which cause a severe degradation of water quality and detriment to shrimp growth and survival. To solve this remaining problem, an autonomous water-cleaning machine for shrimp ponds was designed to control the waste accumulation in the pond. This is an effective solution to replace manual cleaning methods for water quality management in shrimp farming in the coastal area of the Mekong delta of Vietnam. Especially, this technique can be used for biosecure shrimp production systems according to GMP standards to meet the objectives for sustainable development of shrimp aquaculture in Vietnam. Kỹ thuật nuôi tôm không thay nước đang được sử dụng rộng rãi ở các trại nuôi tôm Việt Nam vì giúp giảm lượng nước sử dụng, hạn chế thải nước vào môi trường và giúp tăng diện tích nuôi trồng tôm. Tuy nhiên, bản thân kỹ thuật này cũng tạo nên một sản phẩm chất thải là phân tôm, thức ăn và chế phẩm sinh học xử lý nước dư thừa. Chất thải này dần dần tích tụ dưới đáy ao tạo thành lớp bùn độc, rất thiếu ôxy và chứa nhiều chất gây hại như ammonia, nitrite, hydrogen sul-fide. Để tránh làm giảm diện tích ao nuôi do chất thải tích tụ làm tôm lảng tránh và tăng mật độ tôm nuôi trồng, thiết bị tự hành thu gom chất thải làm sạch nước trong vuông nuôi tôm đã được nghiên cứu, thiết kế và chế tạo thành công. Thiết bị đã thay thế các hoạt động làm sạch chất thải thủ công của con người, không sử dụng các nguồn năng lượng gây ô nhiễm, giảm nhu cầu về điện góp phần phát triển sản xuất tôm sạch đạt chuẩn GMP và phát triển bền vững ở các tỉnh ven biển miền Tây Việt Nam.

Aquaculture production in extensive shrimp ponds along mangrove coasts may be influenced by many factors such as pond size, pond management, species diversity of mangroves and aquaculture species used, as well as the position and abundance of mangroves in the ponds. A growing number of studies indicate the potential positive effects of mangrove presence on pond productivity. In this study we aimed to assess the influence of mangrove presence on pond production characteristics as observed in the south-western coastal region of Bangladesh where mangroves grow largely naturally in aquaculture ponds. Using structured interviews we quantified a large number of pond production parameters from mangrove-associated shrimp aquaculture in ponds with a wide range of mangrove coverage (0% - >50%) including total costs, revenues and net profits. The 435 ponds for which data were collected were distributed among 61 villages in four regional clusters. The regions differed significantly in terms of the species present, the total coverage of mangroves, and their position in and around the ponds. Mangrove presence in the ponds correlated strongly with pond productivity and farm profits. Mangrove presence was significantly associated with smaller ponds which had higher input costs and revenue per unit pond area than larger ponds but lower net profitability. Notwithstanding our large sample size, and contrary to our expectations, this study was not able to identify clear profit benefits of the association of mangroves with shrimp ponds. Among various possible explanations, we suggest that, as currently observed in Bangladesh, the presence of mangroves in aquaculture ponds yields little or at most sub-optimal financial benefits. Hence, our results seem to indicate that there is great scope for improving of mangrove-use in shrimp aquaculture. In that, one can expect the largest potential benefit of associating mangroves with shrimp culture in large ponds (“scale benefit”) in which mangroves are presently not being used. The great potential for mangroves to help boost pond productivity and bolster farm economic and environmental resilience clearly remains largely untapped. Our results suggest that further work is needed to help farmers better select appropriate mangrove species, the most suitable locations for planting mangroves and the best percentage of mangrove pond coverage to boost shrimp production. As our cross-sectional study only provides a baseline of mangrove association with shrimp ponds additional, properly controlled experiments following the “Before-after-control-impact (BACI)” design are also needed in order to be able to discern the true causal effects of mangroves on aquaculture production.

Vannamei shrimp remains one of the leading fisheries commodities in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the correlation between measured parameters and identify the most influential water quality parameters affecting the productivity of vannamei shrimp reared in HDPE pond systems. This non-experimental research was conducted by directly sampling from a shrimp pond in Patrol, Indramayu, over a 49-day cultivation period. The measured data included water quality parameters (physical, chemical, and biological) and shrimp growth performance parameters (survival rate, feed conversion ratio, average body weight, and average daily gain). Measurements were carried out both in the field and in the laboratory. The results showed that several water quality parameters exceeded their optimal thresholds (e.g., hardness levels reached 7,000 mL⁻¹ in pond D3). However, growth performance parameters still indicated relatively high values. Based on survival rate calculations, pond D2 had the highest Survival Rate (96%), while pond C3 recorded the lowest (67%). These findings suggest that water quality parameters collectively support shrimp growth despite some of them being outside the ideal range. Total Organic Matter (TOM) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were identified as the most influential water quality parameters for shrimp productivity.

This thesis aims to shed light on the production and distribution of superior seeds of locally specific fish commodities in the Anjungan Unit of the West Kalimantan Province's Brackish Water and Marine Aquaculture Unit. The study's issues include insufficient funding and skilled personnel to carry out the program efficiently, as well as insufficient infrastructure, such as suitable hatchery facilities. The goal of this study was to characterize and examine the elements that affect the implementation of the policy on the production and distribution of superior seeds of locally specific fish commodities in the Anjungan Unit of the Brackish Water and Marine Aquaculture UPT of West Kalimantan Province These elements included communication, disposition, resources, and bureaucratic. In the Anjungan Unit of the Brackish Water and Marine Aquaculture UPT of West Kalimantan Province, the policy on the production and distribution of superior seeds of locally specific fish commodities was implemented. The study's goal was to describe and analyze the factors driving this process from the perspectives of bureaucratic structure, communication, disposition, and resources. The research methodology was qualitative, and data were gathered through documentation, in-depth interviews, and observation. The research methodology is qualitative, and data is gathered through documentation studies, in-depth interviews, and observation. The findings showed that even though the policy has been in place and has led to a rise in the production of superior seeds, there are still a number of barriers that hinder its efficacy. In order to reach all of the farmers, the communication element has not been completely optimized. Although implementers' commitment is high, their behavior is limited by cross sectoral policy support and a lack of incentives. Infrastructure for hatcheries and human resources is still insufficient, particularly in rural locations. In the meantime, the decisionmaking and distribution processes are frequently slowed down by the hierarchical bureaucratic structure. Therefore, improving strategic communication, bolstering human resource capability, and allocating resources are all necessary to promote the effectiveness of policy.

Effects of minimum dissolved oxygen setpoints for aeration in semi-intensive pond production of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Toxic contaminants with potential exposure to health risks now appear in urban drainage systems. These contaminants may be measured in specific concentrations or gross terms with impact on potential of hydrogen (pH) and dissolve oxygen (DO). Often, urban slum settlements are at the effluents of these drainage systems. These communities mostly lack functional water treatment facilities. They drink and sanitize from run-off, and shallow wells in alluvial aquifers. This is responsible for the poor health and low quality living conditions of urban slum dwellers. It becomes imperative to implement reliable, real-time, water quality assessment and prediction systems to resolve known and emerging water quality issues in order to improve the quality of life in such communities. Thus, this work developed an inference engine for robust water quality assessment and prediction using some statistical and intelligent discriminant functions. Results show that machine learning algorithms including the Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Random Forest, XGBoost, and Neural Networks schemes reliably predicted water potability in the absence of two missing instrumentation parameters namely: pH and DO. Typically, the inference engine estimated pH in the absence of DO. Subsequently, the Dissolved Oxygen was estimated using the predicted pH. In outcomes, computational metrics of the pH prediction model returns Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0163 for training and 0.1024 for validation. Similarly, the Dissolved Oxygen was estimated by the Random Forest model with a mean squared error (MSE) of 1.0335 for training and 0.7150 for validation. Decision engines built on statistical discriminant functions reliably predicted water potability with validation accuracy and F1 score of 95.19% and 96.94% for Logistic Regression, 100% and 100% for Decision Trees, 98.97% and 99.35% for Random Forest, and 100% and 100% for XGBoost. Also, the Neural Networks scheme predicted water potability with an MSE of 98.97% and 99.35% for training and validation respectively. The developed soft sensor solution is applicable in situations with complete or incomplete instrumentation data. Summarily, the developed inference engines provide a reliable framework for fault diagnosis and serve as backup sensors in case of failure. This enhanced the validation and reliability of sensor data for water quality assessment and prediction.

Effects of Shrimp Aquaculture on the U.S. Market: An Econometric Analysis

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the most significant indicators of water quality in the inland water systems. Maintaining DO monitoring systems is time and money consuming since in situ DO data with high spatial and temporal resolution is needed to design appropriate coastal management plans. In this study, we mapped the spatiotemporal changes of DO in the Little Miami River (LMR) using 10-m Sentinel-2 images. We trained two machine learning algorithms – Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) – to predict DO concentrations using spectral predictors derived from the satellite images. Moreover, we calculated several metrics, which include Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Amount of Variance Explained (AVE), Coefficient of Efficiency (COE), and Normalized Mean Bias (NMB) to assess the performance of the models and accuracy of the DO maps. Our results showed a good agreement between modeled and measured DO concentrations with minimal residual errors ranging between 0.201 mg/L and 0.241 mg/L. Furthermore, RF and SVM revealed to be the reliable and effective algorithms to estimate DO concentrations with bands 5 (B5, vegetation red edge) and 8 (B8, NIR) as important predictors. We found the DO concentrations in the LMR to be in good to excellent range (7.3 mg/L to 14.7 mg/L for August and 10.8 mg/L to 14.5 mg/L for October), based on the minimum criterion for warm water habitat in the Ohio Water Quality Standards (WQS). Our findings have provided spatial insight to the current status of DO and the success of the management steps taken to manage and prevent eutrophic problems in the LMR.

For many of the world's poor, aquatic products are critical for food security and health. Because the global population is increasing as wild aquatic stocks are declining, aquaculture is an increasingly important source of aquatic products. We undertook a scoping review of the English-language peer-reviewed literature to evaluate how the research community has examined the impacts of aquaculture on four key determinants of human health: poverty, food security, food production sustainability, and gender equality. The review returned 156 primary research articles. Most research (75%) was focused in Asia, with limited research from Africa (10%) and South America (2%). Most research (80%) focused on freshwater finfish and shrimp production. We used qualitative content analysis of records which revealed 11 themes: famer income; the common environment; shared resources; integrated farming/ polyculture; employment; extensive vs. intensive production; local vs. distant ownership; food security; income equity; gender equality; and input costs. We used quantitative content analysis of records and full-text publications about freshwater finfish and shrimp aquaculture to record the frequency with which themes were represented and the positive or negative impacts of aquaculture associated with each theme. Scatter plots showed that no theme was identified in more than half of all articles and publications for both production types. Farmer income was a theme that was identified commonly and was positively impacted by both shrimp and fresh water finfish aquaculture. Polyculture, employment, and local ownership were identified less often as themes, but were also associated with positive impacts. The common environment and shared resources were more common themes in shrimp aquaculture than freshwater finfish aquaculture research, while polyculture and local ownership were more common themes in freshwater finfish aquaculture than shrimp aquaculture. Gender equality, employment, and food security were themes found in a lower percentage of records than full-text publications for both production types.

This study aims to analyze the land suitability in the coastal area of Pulau Morotai Regency for whiteleg shrimp. The research was conducted in Raja Village. The observed parameters include infrastructure data such as distance to the market, distance to the highway, and distance to the hatchery. Water quality parameters are water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), water pH, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and plankton abundance. Meanwhile, the observed soil quality parameter is soil pH. Land suitability analysis was conducted using geographic information systems and drones. The results show that the distances to the market, highway, and hatchery are >12 km, >5 km, and >12 km, respectively. Water temperature ranges from 15.40-27.10 ℃, salinity is 0 ppt, DO ranges from 1.00-2.20 mg L-1, water pH ranges from 6.00-7.00, TAN ranges from 0.001-0.043 mg L-1, nitrite ranges from 0.017-0.070 mg L-1, nitrate ranges from 0.005-0.045 mg L-1, phosphate ranges from 0.006-0.048 mg L-1, and plankton abundance is 2.3×109 cells L-1. Meanwhile, soil pH ranges from 4.00-7.00. The analysis indicates that the coastal area of Raja has 1000 Ha of marginally suitable land (S3) and 1000 Ha of unsuitable land (N) for brackishwater aquaculture development. Keywords: Brackishwater aquaculture; Coastal area; Pulau Morotai Regency; Whiteleg shrimp. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesesuaian lahan di pesisir Kabupaten Pulau Morotai untuk budidaya udang vaname. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Raja, Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Parameter yang diamati meliputi data infrastruktur yang diamati adalah jarak ke pasar, jarak ke jalan raya dan jarak ke hatchery. Data parameter kualitas air yang diamati adalah suhu perairan, salinitas, oksigen terlarut (DO), pH air, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrit, nitrat, fosfat dan kelimpahan plankton. Sementara data parameter kualitas tanah yang diamati adalah pH tanah. Analisis kesesuaian lahan dilakukan menggunakan sistem informasi geografis (GIS) dan drone. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak ke pasar, jalan raya, dan hatchery masing-masing >12 km, >5 km, dan >12 km. Suhu air 15,40 – 27,10 ℃, salinitas 0 ppt, DO 1,00 – 2,20 mg L-1, pH air 6,00 – 7,00, TAN 0,001 – 0,043 mg L-1, nitrit 0,017 – 0,070 mg L-1, nitrat 0,005 – 0,045 mg L-1, fosfat 0,006 – 0,048 mg L-1, dan kelimpahan plankton 2,3 × 109 Sel L-1. Sementara pH tanah 4,00 – 7,00. Analisis menunjukkan kawasan pesisir Raja memiliki 1000 Ha lahan yang cukup sesuai (S3) dan 1000 Ha yang tidak sesuai (N) untuk pengembangan budidaya air payau. Kata kunci: Budidaya air payau; Kabupaten Pulau Morotai; Kawasan pesisir; Udang vaname.

In shrimp aquaculture, farming systems are carefully managed to avoid rearing failure due to stress, disease, or mass mortality, and to achieve optimum shrimp production. However, little is known about how shrimp farming systems affect biogeochemical parameters and bacterial communities in rearing water, whether high stocking densities (intensive system) will increase the abundance of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we characterized bacterial communities in shrimp ponds with different population densities. Water quality, such as physical parameters, inorganic nutrient concentrations, and cultivable heterotrophic bacterial abundances, including potential pathogenic Vibrio, were determined in moderate density/semi-intensive (40 post-larvae m-3) and high density/intensive shrimp ponds (90 post-larvae m-3), over the shrimp cultivation time. Free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities were characterized by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Suspended particulate matter (SPM), salinity, chlorophyll a, pH, and dissolved oxygen differed significantly between semi-intensive and intensive systems. These variations contrasted with the equal abundance of cultivable heterotrophic bacteria and inorganic nutrient concentrations. Bacterial communities were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteriia, Bacilli, and Actinobacteria. Halomonas and Psychrobacter were the most dominant genera in the particle-attached fractions, while Salegentibacter, Sulfitobacter, and Halomonas were found in the free-living fractions of both systems. Redundancy analysis indicated that among the observed environmental parameters, salinity was best suited to explain patterns in the composition of both free-living and particle-attached bacterial communities (R2: 15.32 and 12.81%, respectively), although a large fraction remained unexplained. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, aggregated particles from intensive ponds loaded a higher proportion of Vibrio than particles from semi-intensive ponds. In individual ponds, sequence proportions of Vibrio and Halomonas displayed an inverse relationship that coincided with changes in pH. Our observations suggest that high pH-values may suppress Vibrio populations and eventually pathogenic Vibrio. Our study showed that high-density shrimp ponds had a higher prevalence of Vibrio, increased amounts of SPM, and higher phytoplankton abundances. To avoid rearing failure, these parameters have to be managed carefully, for example by providing adequate feed, maintaining pH level, and removing organic matter deposits regularly.

This study examined records of 2566 consecutive COVID-19 patients at five Massachusetts hospitals and sought to predict level-of-care requirements based on clinical and laboratory data. Several classification methods were applied and compared against standard pneumonia severity scores. The need for hospitalization, ICU care, and mechanical ventilation were predicted with a validation accuracy of 88%, 87%, and 86%, respectively. Pneumonia severity scores achieve respective accuracies of 73% and 74% for ICU care and ventilation. When predictions are limited to patients with more complex disease, the accuracy of the ICU and ventilation prediction models achieved accuracy of 83% and 82%, respectively. Vital signs, age, BMI, dyspnea, and comorbidities were the most important predictors of hospitalization. Opacities on chest imaging, age, admission vital signs and symptoms, male gender, admission laboratory results, and diabetes were the most important risk factors for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. The factors identified collectively form a signature of the novel COVID-19 disease.

Summer heatwaves increased surface dissolved oxygen through algal photosynthetic compensation in a eutrophic lake

The dissolved oxygen (DO) is crucial water quality parameters for shrimp farming. The farmers need aerator to break water into fine drops or creating bubbles that can enhance dissolved oxygen level in the pond. Turbo jet surface aerator is the one type of aerator. This aerator works by rotating propeller which is connected by a hollow shaft to the motor. The angular adjustment that is used from the engine holder is 20°. Therefore, the propeller can rotate in half submerged position which is 4.5 cm immersion depth. This turbo jet surface aerator is designed using 0.5 HP electric motor, 7 blades, and 2 floats. The measurement result shows the turbo jet surface aerator can be used to enhance DO level up to 2.8 mg/L with the average of DO level of 6.8 mg/L. Turbo jet surface aerator can be operated properly for 168 hours nonstop with the electric motor temperature of 69°C.

Since the early 2000s, Ca Mau has experienced a rapid boom in shrimp farming, leading to the conversion of mangroves into shrimp ponds and impeding mangrove forest conservation. Despite its negative environmental impacts, shrimp aquaculture remains vital to Ca Mau’s economy by providing employment opportunities and contributing to the province’s gross domestic product. This study constructed a system dynamic model to analyze the complex system of shrimp aquaculture and mangrove forests under two development scenarios: the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario and the Policy scenario. In the BAU scenario, shrimp aquaculture will continue to expand, resulting in the conversion of more mangroves into ponds and a decrease in Ca Mau’s mangrove forest to 70,349 (± 888.801) hectares in 2050. However, this expansion will bolster rural employment and the province’s economy, generating 14,250 (± 0.336) billion VND (US$ 570 million) in 2050. Conversely, in the Policy scenario, stabilizing shrimp areas at 280,000 hectares as a policy target will regulate mangrove conversion, allowing mangroves to regenerate (77,016 (± 687.155) hectares in 2050) and enhancing carbon storage (65 × 106 (± 0.58 × 106) MgC in 2050). However, challenges arise in the Policy scenario concerning potential economic stagnation, conflicts with other development priorities, and rural job losses. Officials must consider more than just the area of shrimp ponds to achieve sustainable development. Effective land use strategies should be implemented to ensure equilibrium between shrimp aquaculture and mangroves. Diversifying economic activities and promoting alternative livelihoods can mitigate the dependence on shrimp farming and offset the effects of policy interventions.