Air separation units (ASUs) are power-intensive devices on the electricity demand side with significant potential for large-scale energy storage. Liquid air energy storage (LAES) is currently a highly promising large-scale energy storage technology. Coupling ASU with LAES equipment can not only reduce the initial investment for LAES, but also significantly lower the operating electricity costs of the ASU. This study proposes a novel modular-integrated process for coupling an externally compressed ASU (ECAS) with LAES. The core advantages of this integrated process are as follows: the liquefaction unit’s storage capacity is not constrained by the ASU surplus load capacity and it integrates cold, heat, electricity, and material utilization. Taking an integrated system with 40,000 Nm3/h oxygen production capacity as an example, under liquefaction pressure of 90 bar and discharge expansion pressure of 110 bar, the system achieves its highest electrical round trip efficiency of 55.3%. Its energy storage capacity reaches 31.32 MWh/104 Nm3 O2, exceeding the maximum capacity of existing energy storage systems of the ECAS by 1.7 times. Based on a peak-flat-valley electricity price ratio of 3.4:2:1, an optimal economic performance is attained at 100 bar liquefaction pressure, delivering a 7.21% in cost saving rate compared to conventional ASUs. The liquefaction unit’s payback period is 6.39 years—68.1% shorter than conventional LAES. This study aims to enhance both the energy storage capacity and economic performance of integrated systems combining ECAS with LAES.
35Feasibility and performance analysis of a novel air separation unit with energy storage and air recovery
Feasibility and performance analysis of a novel air separation unit with energy storage and air recovery
12Preliminary study of Liquid Air Energy Storage integrated with LNG cold recovery
Preliminary study of Liquid Air Energy Storage integrated with LNG cold recovery
16The carbon dioxide removal potential of Liquid Air Energy Storage: A high-level technical and economic appraisal
Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) is at pilot scale. Air cooling and liquefaction stores energy; reheating revaporises the air at pressure, powering a turbine or engine (Ameel et al., 2013). Liquefaction requires water & CO2 removal, preventing ice fouling. This paper proposes subsequent geological storage of this CO2 - offering a novel Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) by-product, for the energy storage industry. It additionally assesses the scale constraint and economic opportunity offered by implementing this CDR approach. Similarly, established Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) uses air compression and subsequent expansion. CAES could also add CO2scrubbing and subsequent storage, at extra cost. CAES stores fewer joules per kilogram of air than LAES - potentially scrubbing more CO2 per joule stored. Operational LAES/CAES technologies cannot offer full-scale CDR this century (Stocker et al., 2014), yet they could offer around 4% of projected CO2 disposals for LAES and < 25% for current-technology CAES. LAES CDR could reach trillion-dollar scale this century (20 billion USD/year, to first order). A larger, less certain commercial CDR opportunity exists for modified conventional CAES, due to additional equipment requirements. CDR may be commercially critical for LAES/CAES usage growth, and the necessary infrastructure may influence plant scaling and placement. A suggested design for low-pressure CAES theoretically offers global-scale CDR potential within a century (ignoring siting constraints) - but this must be costed against competing CDR and energy storage technologies.
Read more11A novel economic scheduling of multi-product deterministic demand for co-production air separation system with liquid air energy storage
A novel economic scheduling of multi-product deterministic demand for co-production air separation system with liquid air energy storage
Read more63Thermo-economic analysis of the integrated system of thermal power plant and liquid air energy storage
Thermo-economic analysis of the integrated system of thermal power plant and liquid air energy storage
15Optimization of a cryogenic liquid air energy storage system and its optimal thermodynamic performance
For grid-scale intermittent electricity storage, liquid air energy storage (LAES) is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for storing renewable energy. In this study, a steady-state process model was developed for an LAES, by combining a Linde liquefaction process and an open Rankine power cycle. To investigate the system performance and achieve global optimization, a single-factor analysis approach and multifactor genetic algorithm (GA) optimization model were built using MATLAB software. The effects of the charging pressure, storage pressure, discharging pressure, and isentropic efficiency of the compressor/turbine on the LAES performance parameters, such as the inlet temperature of the Joule–Thomson valve, round-trip efficiency (RTE), liquefaction ratio (LR), and power consumptions in the compressor, cryo-pump, and turbine, were investigated. Subsequently, the optimal conditions were obtained using the GA optimization method to achieve the optimal performance of the LAES. The results showed that the charging pressure, discharging pressure, and isentropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine had significant effects on the RTE; an increase in the discharging pressure resulted in an improved expansion power output; the GA optimization could achieve RTE, LR, the system energy storage and recovery exergy efficiencies of 53.33%, 86.96%, 81.00%, and 78.16%; the power consumption in the compressor of GA optimization was 10.02% maximum saving. The proposed optimization method can be used to further explore the global optimization of cryogenic energy storage systems, such as different-layout LAES systems and different cryogenic liquefaction media energy storage systems.
Read more28Experimental analysis of packed bed cold energy storage in the liquid air energy storage system
Experimental analysis of packed bed cold energy storage in the liquid air energy storage system
5Comparative study on the globally optimal performance of cryogenic energy storage systems with different working media
Comparative study on the globally optimal performance of cryogenic energy storage systems with different working media
161Liquid air energy storage flexibly coupled with LNG regasification for improving air liquefaction
Liquid air energy storage flexibly coupled with LNG regasification for improving air liquefaction
41Multi-energy liquid air energy storage: A novel solution for flexible operation of districts with thermal networks
Multi-energy liquid air energy storage: A novel solution for flexible operation of districts with thermal networks
40Performance analysis of liquid air energy storage with enhanced cold storage density for combined heating and power generation
Performance analysis of liquid air energy storage with enhanced cold storage density for combined heating and power generation
Read more84Energy, exergy, and economic analyses of a new liquid air energy storage system coupled with solar heat and organic Rankine cycle
Energy, exergy, and economic analyses of a new liquid air energy storage system coupled with solar heat and organic Rankine cycle
Read more113Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a novel liquid air energy storage (LAES) coupled with thermoelectric generator and Kalina cycle
Thermodynamic and economic analyses of a novel liquid air energy storage (LAES) coupled with thermoelectric generator and Kalina cycle
Read more36The effect of air purification on liquid air energy storage – An analysis from molecular to systematic modelling
The effect of air purification on liquid air energy storage – An analysis from molecular to systematic modelling
11A comparative sustainability assessment of several grid energy storage technologies
A comparative sustainability assessment of several grid energy storage technologies
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