A Novel Reliability Evaluation Method for Complex Evidences

Since traffic congestion is a major issue worldwide, particularly in urban areas due to the increasing population on a daily basis, it negatively impacts human life, leading to time wastage, health problems, and economic repercussions. Therefore, establishing a sustainable transportation system in densely populated urban areas is crucial. To overcome this challenge, various factors on which a sustainable transportation system depends must be deeply analyzed. However, this analysis may involve fuzziness and vagueness due to imprecise data and incomplete information. In this regard, a mathematical framework called the Complex Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hypersoft Set (CIFHSS) is introduced in this research. This article presents and thoroughly investigates essential set-theoretical operations based on the complex intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft set, using appropriate examples. Furthermore a novel Multi-Attribute Decision Making approach, based on the CIFHSS is developed. This approach incorporates decision-valued matrices (both maximum and minimum), a scoring framework for CIFHSS, and matrix-based aggregations, such as the core matrix. Moreover, the algorithm is implemented in a real-world scenario to solve traffic congestion in urban areas, demonstrating the versatility of the proposed algorithm. The model assigns scores of 0.6161 to the Electric Bus Rapid Transit system, 0.6089 to the Expanded Bicycle Lane Network, 0.6571 to Light Rail Transit, and 0.7627 to the Hybrid Car-Sharing Program, identifying the latter as the most suitable option. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed model is also presented using statistical tools. Finally, a detailed conclusion and future directions for the application of this research are provided.

Aggregation operators are the standard mathematical tool for the combination of several inputs into one unique output. This paper presents some aggregation operators for complex intuitionistic fuzzy (CIF) information. Complex intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS) theory has a large ability to capture vagueness since it can represent the complete specifications of problems with both intuitionistic uncertainty and periodicity. We introduce the CIF Hamacher weighted averaging (CIFHWA) operator, CIF Hamacher ordered weighted averaging (CIFHOWA) operator, CIF Hamacher weighted geometric (CIFHWG) operator and CIF Hamacher ordered weighted geometric (CIFHOWG) operator. We bring to light some remarkable properties of these operators and explicitly state some noteworthy special cases. Moreover, we contribute to the advancement of multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) with a novel proposal of an algorithm in the CIF environment. Furthermore, we consider and solve a MADM problem that finds the best source for generation of electricity with the aid of the proposed operators, thus proving their usefulness for the purpose of decision-making. Finally, we check the effectiveness of these operators by a validity test.

<abstract> <p>A complex intuitionistic fuzzy set is a generalization framework to characterize several applications in decision making, pattern recognition, engineering, and other fields. This set is considered more fitting and coverable to Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets (IDS) and complex fuzzy sets. In this paper, the abstraction of (${{\alpha _{1, 2}}, {\beta _{1, 2}}}$) complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets and (${{\alpha _{1, 2}}, {\beta _{1, 2}}}$)-complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups were introduced regarding to the concept of complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Besides, we show that (${{\alpha _{1, 2}}, {\beta _{1, 2}}}$)-complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup is a general form of every complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup. Also, each of (${{\alpha _{1, 2}}, {\beta _{1, 2}}}$)-complex intuitionistic fuzzy normal subgroups and cosets are defined and studied their relationship in the sense of the commutator of groups and the conjugate classes of group, respectively. Furthermore, some theorems connected the (${{\alpha _{1, 2}}, {\beta _{1, 2}}}$)-complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroup of the classical quotient group and the set of all (${{\alpha _{1, 2}}, {\beta _{1, 2}}}$)-complex intuitionistic fuzzy cosets were studied and proved. Additionally, we expand the index and Lagrange's theorem to be suitable under (${{\alpha _{1, 2}}, {\beta _{1, 2}}}$)-complex intuitionistic fuzzy subgroups.</p> </abstract>

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, as a generalization of probability theory, is a powerful tool for dealing with a variety of uncertainties, such as incompleteness, ambiguity, and conflict. Because of its advantages in information fusion compared with traditional probability theory, it is widely used in various fields. However, the classic Dempster's combination rule assumes that evidences are independent of each other, which is difficult to satisfy in real life. Ignoring the dependence among the evidences will lead to unreasonable fusion results, and even wrong conclusions. Considering the limitations of D-S evidence theory, this paper proposed a new evidence fusion model based on principal component analysis (PCA) to deal with the dependence among evidences. First, the approximate independent principal components of each information source were obtained based on principal component analysis. Second, the principal component data set was used as a new information source for evidence theory. Third, the basic belief assignments (BBAs) were constructed. As the fundamental construct of evidence theory, a BBA is a probabilistic function corresponding to each hypothesis, quantifying the belief assigned based on the evidence at hand. This function facilitates the synthesis of disparate evidence sources into a mathematically coherent and unified belief structure. After constructing the BBAs, the BBAs were fused and a conclusion was drawn. The case study verified that the proposed method is more robust than several traditional methods and can deal with redundant information effectively to obtain more stable results.

A complex intuitionistic fuzzy (CIF) set contains the membership and non-membership in the shape of a complex number whose amplitude term and phase term are covered in the unit interval. Moreover, Hamacher interaction aggregation operators are the combination of two major operators, called Hamacher aggregation operators and interaction aggregation operators, and they are used to aggregate the collection of information into one value. In this manuscript, we present the concept of Hamacher interaction operational laws for CIF sets (CIFSs). Further, we develop the CIF Hamacher interaction weighted averaging (CIFHIWA) operator, CIF Hamacher interaction ordered weighted averaging (CIFHIOWA) operator, CIF Hamacher interaction weighted geometric (CIFHIWG) operator, and CIF Hamacher interaction ordered weighted geometric (CIFHIOWG) operator. For these operators, we also discuss some basic properties, such as idempotency, monotonicity, and boundedness. Additionally, we develop a MADM method based on the developed operators and apply it to solve the green supply chain management problems, which can implement environmentally friendly practices to minimize carbon emissions, resource consumption, and waste generation while promoting long-term sustainability. Finally, we verify the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method based on a comparative analysis between the proposed techniques and existing methods.

Representing complex intuitionistic fuzzy set by quaternion numbers and applications to decision making

Complex intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS) is a special intuitionistic fuzzy set where the membership and non-membership degrees are expressed by a complex-valued membership degree and can more easily describe the vagueness and uncertainty in the real world. Archimedean t-conorm and t-norm (ATT), as an important class of the t-norm (TN) and t-conorm (TC), have greater flexibility in the information fusion process. In this paper, we extend the ATT to CIFSs and present some generalized geometric aggregation operators, which can be used to handle the multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. For it, we firstly define some new operational laws of the CIFSs based on ATT, then some weighted geometric aggregation operators based on proposed operations are proposed. Further, some desirable properties and special cases of them are studied. Finally, a decision-making approach is developed for the MCDM problem with complex intuitionistic fuzzy information. A practical example is given to show the availability and advantages of the proposed method by comparison with some existing methods. The proposed aggregation operators are more generalized than the existing ones to utilize the uncertain and imprecise information. Several existing operators are considered as special cases of the proposed one. Finally, the proposed method will offer various choices to the decision-maker to access the finest alternatives.

This paper presents a new method for sensor dynamic reliability evaluation based on evidence theory and intuitionistic fuzzy sets when the prior knowledge is unknown. The dynamic reliability of sensors is evaluated based on supporting degree between basic probability assignments (BPAs) provided by sensors. First, the concept of asymmetric supporting degree is proposed. By transforming BPAs to intuitionistic fuzzy sets, supporting degree between BPAs is calculated based on intuitionistic fuzzy operations and similarity measure. Then the relationship between dynamic reliability and supporting degree is analyzed. The process of dynamic reliability evaluation is proposed. Finally, the proposed dynamic reliability evaluation is applied to evidence combination. A new evidence combination rule is proposed based on evidence discounting operation and Dempster’s rule. Comparative analysis on the performance of the proposed reliability evaluation method and evidence combination rule is carried out based on numerical examples. The proposed method for data fusion is also applied in target recognition to show its feasibility and validity.

<abstract><p>The main influence of this analysis is to derive two different types of aggregation operators under the consideration of algebraic <italic>t</italic>-norm and <italic>t</italic>-conorm and Einstein <italic>t</italic>-norm and <italic>t</italic>-conorm for CIF set theory. Because these operators are very effective for evaluating the collection of information into a singleton preference. For this, first, we discover the Algebraic and Einstein operational laws for CIF sets. Then, we aim to discover the theory of CCIFWA, CCIFOWA, CCIFWG, CCIFOWG operators and their valuable properties "idempotency, monotonicity and boundedness" and results. Furthermore, we also derive the theory of CCIFEWA, CCIFEOWA, CCIFEWG, CCIFEOWG operators and their valuable properties "idempotency, monotonicity, and boundedness" and results. Some special cases of the derived work are also described in detail. Finally, we illustrate a MADM procedure under the consideration of derived operators to enhance the worth of the presented information. Finally, we compare the presented operators with various existing operators with the help of various suitable examples for showing the reliability and stability of the derived approaches.</p></abstract>

Complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (CQROFSs) are proposed to convey vague material in decision-making problems. The CQROFSs can enthusiastically modify the region of proof by altering the factor q ≥ 1 for real and imaginary parts based on the variation degree and, therefore, favor further uncountable options. Consequently, this set reverses over the existing theories, such as complex intuitionistic fuzzy sets (CIFSs) and complex Pythagorean fuzzy sets (CPFS). In everyday life, there are repeated situations that can occur, which involve an impartial assertiveness of the decision-makers. To determine the best decision to handle such situations, in this study, we propose modern operational laws by joining the characteristics of the truth factor sum and collaboration between the truth degrees into the analysis for CQROFSs. Based on these principles, we determined several weighted averaging neutral aggregation operators (AOs) to collect the CQROF knowledge. Subsequently, we established an original multiattribute decision-making (MADM) procedure by using the demonstrated AOs based on CQROFS. To evaluate the effectiveness, in terms of reliability and consistency, of the proposed operators, they were applied to some numerical examples. A comparative analysis of the investigated operators and other existing operators was also performed to find the dominance and validity of the introduced MADM method.

Complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (Cq-ROFS) become one of the effective tools to deal with unresolved and complex information. In recent years, a variety of multi-attribute decision making(MADM) methods have been developed in the Cq-ROFS environment, such as complex intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS) and complex Pythagorean fuzzy sets(CPFS). Cq-ROFS is superior to CIFs and CPFS, which can describe a wider range of uncertain information spaces. Therefore, this paper studies MADM based on Cq-ROFS. However, decision making experts may have personal biases. In order to reduce the influence of individual preference on decision-making, the dependent Hamacher aggregation operators for Complex q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets(Cq-ROFDHA) are proposed based on the Hamacher operation and dependent method. The operator can improve personal bias by assigning lower weights to biased evaluations (unduly high or unduly low values) and higher weights to mid values. Firstly, the basic operation rules, score function, distance and properties of Cq-ROFDHA are described. We then applied Cq-ROFDHA to service utility decisions for online health communities. Finally, we compare it with other aggregation factors. The results show that the Cq-ROFDHA operator has the advantages of consistency and superiority.

The paper aims are to propose a new concept called as complex picture fuzzy set (CPFS), as an extension of complex intuitionistic fuzzy set (CIFS). The addition of a neutral membership degree to the definition of CIFS makes CPFS a generalized form of CIFS. The uniqueness of this new theory lies in the capability to attain the wider range with the help of degree of neutral membership, non-membership, and membership. The range of values of membership degrees is broaden to the unit disk in a complex plane. We define elementary operations and properties of CPFSs and explore the MCDM issues with the help of CPFSs, based on Hamacher operations and some aggregation methods. Then, we introduce some operators to aggregate the CPF data, namely complex picture fuzzy Hamacher weighted averaging, ordered weighted averaging, hybrid averaging and complex picture fuzzy Hamacher weighted geometric, ordered weighted geometric and hybrid geometric operators, benefited from the basic Hamacher operations, and averaging, geometric aggregation techniques. We also construct MCDM problem using these operators and perform a calculation for the selection of best ERP system, to demonstrate the authenticity and efficiency of this manuscript. Moreover, we study a comparison to validate the consistency and superiority of our techniques.

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are essential in the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) under uncertain environment. However, how to reasonably aggregate them with considering the uncertainty contained in the IFSs is still an open issue. In this paper, a new method is proposed to solve such a problem based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, belief entropy, and the weighted ordered weighted averaging (WOWA) operator. One of the advantages of the presented model is that the uncertainty contained in the IFSs is effectively modeled based on belief entropy and the conversion from the IFS to Dempster-Shafer evidence theory. In the framework of evidence theory, the uncertain information contained in the IFSs can be embodied effectively. Then, the belief entropy is calculated to determine the certainty weights for each IFS. With the various definitions of the regular increasing monotone (RIM) quantifier Q function, the preference relationship of a decision maker is considered. A numerical example is shown to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

The optimization in multi-criteria decision making under uncertain conditions has attracted more and more scholars in recent years. However, it is still an open issue that how to better evaluate the satisfaction with more complex objects. Since the great performance of intuitionistic fuzzy set on handling the uncertain information, in this paper, a new fuzzy linguistic model for non-scalar criteria satisfaction expressed via intuitionistic fuzzy sets is proposed, which makes experts evaluate more objectively. Moreover, a corresponding aggregation approach based on the Choquet probabilistic exceedance method is also proposed. After a series of calculation processes, the final aggregated results embodied by intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) can be obtained. Then by converting them into the belief intervals, the best alternative can be selected more objectively. In addition, two real-life applications are shown to demonstrate the practicality of proposed method.

Cognitive radio is an effective way to improve the utilization of spectrum source. In order to improve the detection probability, a reliable scheme for cooperative spectrum sensing based on double threshold energy detection and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory is proposed in this paper. In the algorithm, the double threshold method is used to calculate the local spectrum sensing requirements, which is more accurate than a single one. Furthermore, it presents a proposed cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on improved evidence theory. We use improved evidence theory to combine the selected sensing information, which can effectively reduce the computational complexity. Simulation results show the proposed scheme accomplishes better detection performance comparing with traditional evidence theory fusion rule.