A Novel User Emotional Interaction Design Model Using Long and Short-Term Memory Networks and Deep Learning.

With the continuous progress and development of technology people's demand for interactive experience is increasing, the interactive concept has become an important trend in today's design field. It refers to an approach to designing and developing products, services or systems that emphasises the interaction between the user and the product, system or environment. It considers the user not only as a user of the product, but also as an active participant in the design process. It mainly includes interaction methods, feedback mechanisms, personalisation and other aspects to reflect the interactive concept. Emotional design is a design concept belonging to a deeper level of interaction design, which is the integration of design concepts with emotional aspects with interaction design to meet the emotional needs of users. Storylines, symbols and metaphors are used to trigger an emotional response from the user. Interaction design aims to improve user satisfaction and experience by designing interfaces that are easy to use, intuitive and enjoyable. It is not just about meeting the functional needs of the user, but also about its impact on human emotion and pleasure. And interaction design is the practice of defining and constructing interactive experiences is a new design approach based on the development of new media technology and user experience derived from the aspects of design, psychology, computer science and other disciplines, in order to create an experience that meets the needs of the user, the pursuit of fun and novelty.The aim of this paper is whether the specific application and methods of interaction design on human emotion and pleasure under the interactive concept enhances and improves the user's emotional experience. It is hoped that through this study, the use of interaction design on human emotion and pleasure under the concept of interaction can be enriched to enhance the value of user experience and product value. Moreover, on the basis of the interactive concept, the close integration of interactive design and human emotion will make the public more aware of the importance and necessity of interactive design for human emotion and pleasure.This paper explores the cases of human-computer interaction, interactive games, interactive advertisements, and interactive videos through specific case studies, functional analysis, and case studies, which can be combined with cases in different fields to analyse the importance of interactive design on human emotions. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of interactive design on human emotion and pleasure based on the concept of interactivity. Better interaction design can enhance users' emotional experience and pleasure, help users deal with negative emotions, increase users' satisfaction with products, enhance users' engagement and the value of products or services, and promote innovation of products or services. An in-depth study of the use of interactive design on human emotion and pleasure, and maintaining products through interactive concepts and emotional design is important for improving product functionality and enhancing user experience.

Environmental psychology research and the emotional design boom have led to a series of theoretical studies and practical activities on emotional design in space. It includes interior design, architectural design, display design, and other space planning and design work. In order to conduct a deeper study and practice of emotional space design, a bibliometric and review approach was used to visualise and analyse data from the literature on emotional space design to understand the development trends of emotional space design. The literature data were sourced from the Web of Science (WoS), Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI Expanded), Social Science Citation Index (SSCI), and Arts Humanities Citation Index (AHCI) as the literature search source, enter TS=((emotion OR affective) AND (space design OR interior design OR landscape architecture )) in the advanced search formula generator, and set the search time to the whole year, i.e., 1991-2023. And 1146 documents were obtained. After excluding articles with missing field information, duplicate data, and those with no relevance to the selected topic, 629 valid documents were finally accepted. This paper uses two bibliometric tools, VOSviewer (Version 1.6.19) and CiteSpace (Version 5.6.R3), to obtain critical data such as keyword clustering profiles, Strongest Citation Bursts, highly cited literature, and visual images for this research topic. This information shows that the literature on emotional space design is generally rising. There is no downward trend in the literature output at this research stage, so it is judged that research in this area is in a high-growth phase. The United States, England, China, Australia, and Canada are the major research countries in this field; Cornell, Leeds, UCL, and other leading institutions in architecture and design-related disciplines are the primary subjects of research in emotional space design. International journals of environmental research and public health, Sustainability, and Building and environment are core journals in the field of environmental science and engineering. They all have a high volume of articles (≥20) and an impact factor (IF) of over 4.00, which shows the importance of emotional spatial design in this field of research. The 629 imported documents were imported into VOSviewer, and the co-occurrence frequency was set to 4. Finally, 204 keywords were obtained by merging synonyms. The four clusters formed were named #1 Affective Space Design; #2 Healthcare; #3 Virtual; and #4 Design Evaluation, based on the primary keyword information. In conjunction with the analysis of the Top 30 Keywords with the Strongest Citation Bursts generated by Citespace, future research on emotional space design is expected to focus on Virtual Environment, Healthcare, Difference Sustainable design, topical social issues, interdisciplinarity and user experience and Affective Response. The analysis of the top ten high-frequency references regarding co-citations shows that the underlying theoretical support for emotional space design comes mainly from research in environmental psychology, psychology, and colour psychology. Evidence-based healthcare design research repeatedly appears in the references to emotional space design, which is a research hotspot for emotional space design.

Emotional design is one of the most important methods in modern product design. It was highlighted after Donald A. Norman published his book Emotional design: why we love (or hate) everyday things. Emotional design addresses people’s needs and hopes which is in the center of the development of product design and product technology. Due to the lack of strong theoretical basis and quantitative analysis, many products can’t reach the goal of their designers with Emotional feelings, nor can consumer’s emotional understandings be similar to the designers’ emotional expectations. This paper analyzes the concept of emotional design and some difficulties which designers must to be faced in their emotional designing works, discusses on product shape design according to emotional design. On this basis, the Kansei engineering and emotional design methods are described in details.

In today's competitive market, successful product development hinges on understanding user needs and experiences. With the proliferation of expanding technologies like the Internet of Things, developers can gather vast amounts of data about user interactions. To leverage this wealth of information effectively, a user-centred approach to product development is imperative. This paper explores the convergence of usability and emotional design in product development, examining their interplay and impact on user experience. Through a review of existing literature, it investigates influential factors shaping the prioritisation of usability and emotional design elements. Key questions addressed include identifying these influential factors, assessing their impact on usability and emotional design, and elucidating their interrelationships. By shedding light on these dynamics, this systematic review aims to inform product developers and designers, facilitating the creation of products that resonate with users on both usableand emotional levels.

Background With the development of the digital age, museums are paying more attention to the needs of their audiences, and the relationships they build are gradually transitioning from relationships with people to relationships with everyone in order to meet the attributes of serving the public. Museums take the historical dimension as the timeline to elaborate the spiritual connotation of cultural heritage, and digitalization with its multi-dimensional experience mode becomes the necessary medium and basic condition for the development of museum traditional culture in the information age. In the process of digital expression of museum cultural heritage, the application of gamification thinking can effectively promote the efficiency of the display, people in the activities and tasks through the inner drive to drive themselves to complete the task, under the guidance of relaxing and pleasant elements through the visual, auditory and other sensory organs to effectively receive and understand the information. Therefore, the analysis and refinement of museum digital game expression, the demand for emotional interaction design based on the optimization of user pleasure in the process of museum game experience, and the highlighting of emotional interaction are the keys to the current museum digital game design. Objective In view of the development mode and design strategy of the existing museum digital display, this paper explores the design practice of emotional interaction design in museum digital games, and provides innovative design for the emotional interaction needs of museum digital games. Methodology Firstly, from the perspective of interaction design, the three levels of emotional design are used as a theoretical basis to combine the cultural heritage of museums with the transferability, interactivity and immersion characteristics of emotional interaction design, and propose digital interactive games as a carrier as an effective way of digital innovation for museum cultural heritage. Secondly, based on the case study method, graphical analysis and evaluation experiments, the museum digital games case study is analyzed to explore the main factors that affect the emotional experience of users in the games from the interaction behavior itself. Finally, the main interaction processes and methods of museum digital game design are constructed in four aspects: digital game categories, content and mechanism design, interaction and experience methods, and interface and navigation design.

Technological progress in the fields of ubiquitous sensing and machine learning has been fueling the development of user-aware human-computer interaction in recent years. Especially natural user interfaces, like digital voice assistants, can benefit from understanding their users in order to provide a more naturalistic experience. Such systems can, for example, detect the emotional state of users and accordingly act in an empathic way. One major research field working on this topic is Affective Computing, where psycho-physiological measures, speech input, and facial expressions are used to sense human emotions. Affective data allows natural user interfaces to respond to emotions, providing promising perspectives not only for user experience design but also for safety aspects. In automotive environments, informed estimations of the driver’s state can potentially avoid dangerous errors and evoking positive emotions can improve the experience of driving. This dissertation explores Affective Automotive User Interfaces using two basic interaction paradigms: firstly, emotion regulation systems react to the current emotional state of the user based on live sensing data, allowing for quick interventions. Secondly, emotional interaction synthesizes experiences which resonate with the user on an emotional level. The constituted goals of these two interaction approaches are the promotion of safe behavior and an improvement of user experience. Promoting safe behavior through emotion regulation: Systems which detect and react to the driver’s state are expected to have great potential for improving road safety. This work presents a model and methods needed to investigate such systems and an exploration of several approaches to keep the driver in a safe state. The presented methods include techniques to induce emotions and to sample the emotional state of drivers. Three driving simulator studies investigate the impacts of emotionaware interventions in the form of implicit cues, visual mirroring and empathic speech synthesis. We envision emotion-awareness as a safety feature which can detect if a driver is unfit or in need of support, based on the propagation of robust emotion detection technology. Improving user experience with emotional interaction: Emotional perception is an essential part of user experience. This thesis entails methods to build emotional experiences derived from a variety of lab and simulator studies, expert feedback, car-storming sessions and design thinking workshops. Systems capable of adapting to the user’s preferences and traits in order to create an emotionally satisfactory user experience do not require the input of emotion detection. They rather create value through general knowledge about the user by adapting the output they generate. During this research, cultural and generational influences became evident, which have to be considered when implementing affective automotive user interfaces in future cars. We argue that the future of user-aware interaction lies in adapting not only to the driver’s preferences and settings but also to their current state. This paves the way for the regulation of safe behavior, especially in safety-critical environments like cars, and an improvement of the driving experience.

The user experience, often known as UX, is the key factor in determining a product success and increase user’s acquisition. However, this field of research lacks conceptual and practical models to follow when designing pervasive technologies such as mobile augmented reality (MAR). To convey a pleasant UX, it is necessary to identify the contributing factor and the components that influence the enhancement of the MAR design. The findings of the study indicated that emotions are the main factor that drives the user’s perception and hence, their choice and pleasure. This paper presents a preliminary model for designing an emotional UX mobile augmented reality application with the use of Kansei engineering approach. Ultimately, this model will provide insight into the design fundamentals that influence the user experiences. The outcomes of this study will assist researchers and designers in shaping the emotional user experience design.

In UX, user as a center of the process has crucial role in determining the quality of a system. System has broad definition. In this study, system definition restricted to the outcome of information technology (IT) product. So far, there are so many approaches which are involving user as a center of process. Involving user in the UX process is not limited as evaluator in the measurement. Moreover, user research should be conducted deeply aims to excavate all about user deeper. Functionality and usability are two measurements methods which ensure user can experience using system intuitively. In order to excavate intuitive experience, it is required to figure out user deeper. Furthermore, physiological and psychological aspects are mandatory to be discussed. Psychology and physiology theories are related to the processes of designing system. This study aims to conduct argumentative literature review about the emotional design on the user experience (UX). Papers reviewed had been selected and limited related to the problems. Result of this study is proposed methodology. This methodology is proposed aims to gain deeper perspective on user research. Hopefully, this methodology can be considered to strengthen ideas about user mental model theories into system development.

Emotional design for smart product-service system: A case study on smart beds

Recently, smart products have not only demonstrated more functionality and technical capabilities but have also shown a trend towards emotional expression. Emotional design plays a crucial role in smart products as it not only influences users’ perception and evaluation of the product but also promotes collaborative communication between users and the product. In the future, emotional design of smart products needs to be regarded as an important comprehensive design issue, rather than simply targeting a specific element. It should consider factors such as design systems, values, business strategies, technical capabilities, design ethics, and cultural responsibilities. However, currently, there is a lack of a design model that combines these elements. Currently, there are numerous practices in emotional design for smart products from different perspectives. They provide us an opportunity to build a comprehensive design model based on a large number of design case studies. Therefore, this study employed a standardized grounded theory approach to investigate 80 smart products and conducted interviews with 12 designers to progressively code and generate a design model. Through the coding process, this research extracted 547 nodes and gradually formed 10 categories, ultimately resulting in a design model comprising 5 sequential steps. This model includes user requirements, concept definition, design ideation, design implementation, and evaluation, making it applicable to most current and future emotional design issues in smart products.

Context-aware computing has become an essential component of modern wearable technology, enabling devices to sense, interpret, and respond to users’ environments and affective states. By integrating contextual intelligence, smart systems can adapt their own behavior to better align with user needs, enhancing efficiency, personalization, and user experience. A critical aspect of context awareness is the ability to recognize a user’s internal state, particularly emotions, which influence decision-making, communication, and overall well-being. While emotion recognition is traditionally approached through multimodal sensing—using cameras, microphones, or physiological sensors such as Electroencephalography (EEG), Electrocardiography (ECG), and Electro-dermal Activity (EDA)—these methods often require multiple sensors, leading to challenges related to power consumption, complexity, and privacy. The demand for a more efficient and unobtrusive approach to emotion and context recognition has driven research toward minimal-sensor solutions that can extract meaningful affective and contextual information with reduced hardware requirements. Restricting sensing sources of contextual information by using only limited number of sensors might come at the expense of constraining the ultimate goal of context-awareness. Such expense can be mitigated by “doing more with less” i.e. delving into the opportunities of using a single sensor for multiple purposes. What is desirable is a minimal-sensor solution capable of capturing both motion and physiological signals for both robust emotion recognition and additional context estimation. Among wearable sensors, chest-worn Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) stand out as promising candidates for comprehensive context estimation, as they are well-positioned to capture motion patterns, and physiological vibrations, being the subtle cardio-respiratory signals. This raises the question of whether a single chest-worn IMU could serve as a minimal yet effective sensor for simultaneously estimating both emotional and contextual information, offering a practical alternative to traditional multi-sensor approaches. To address the challenge of using chest-worn IMU for multiple context sensing, I investigated the potential of using Seismocardiography (SCG) and Accelerometry-Derived Respiration (ADR) to estimate emotional states. First, I explored the existing capabilities of chest-worn IMUs in capturing cardio-respiratory vibrations and motion data, which I used as a knowledge base for embedding such IMUs in context sensing. Data plays a crucial role in this problem, therefore I developed a flexible software interface, ColEmo, to facilitate the scalable collection of emotion-related data and introduced a novel dataset, EmoWear, integrating physiological and motion data for emotion recognition and context awareness. Then, I examined the feasibility of using SCG for emotion recognition, comparing its performance with traditional physiological signals and evaluating its effectiveness as a single-sensor solution. This thesis presents a detailed analysis of the potential of chest-worn IMUs for emotion and context recognition. It reports on the design and validation of a SCG-based wearable system, the development and characteristics of the EmoWear dataset, and the implementation of the ColEmo platform for emotion data collection. The research also examines machine learning techniques applied to the SCG and ADR signals, assessing their effectiveness in estimating emotional states. My findings indicate that SCG-based emotion recognition achieves performance comparable to conventional physiological counterparts, demonstrating the feasibility of using a single IMU sensor for affective computing. The publicly-available EmoWear dataset provides a valuable resource for future research, highlighting the potential of combining motion and physiological data for enhanced context awareness. Additionally, the ColEmo software interface, which I published open-source, proves to be an effective tool for multi-modal emotion data collection, facilitating further advancements in wearable emotion recognition. The results pave the way for a minimal-sensor approach for context information estimation that can significantly reduce system complexity while maintaining high performance. These findings confirm that chest-worn IMUs present an opportunity to further improve emotion recognition in addition to the motion-based context information estimation. My research highlights the need for standardized methodologies in affective computing and demonstrates the viability of motion-based physiological sensing for emotion estimation. By using a single chest-worn IMU, this work presents an alternative to multi-sensor systems, reducing power consumption, and privacy concerns while maintaining robust performance. Future research should focus on refining IMU-based emotion recognition using deep learning techniques and larger datasets to enhance classification accuracy. Further validation in real-world settings is necessary to assess the practical applicability of the proposed system. The EmoWear dataset should be explored for additional context-awareness applications, such as activity recognition and stress monitoring, to maximize its utility. The ColEmo platform offers opportunities for expansion beyond emotion recognition, including cognitive load estimation, stress monitoring, and human-computer interaction. This research moves wearable technology forward by using fewer sensors, helping make affective computing more efficient, versatile, and respectful of privacy.

Interior designs are well known for their contemporary aesthetic beauty, pleasurable aspects, and emotional elements. It requires not only knowledge of civil engineering, but also psychological theory and artistic skill. A creative interior space takes into consideration the physical surroundings, personal emotions, and cultural context. It is an unsustainable if the interior designs without considering the emotional needs of users. However, the interior designers often neglect the emotional elements. They are more focused on physiological needs. In addition, the traditional Chinese style cultural artistic skill has become incapable of meeting the requirements of contemporary interior designs. All the processes, such as manufacturing, use of raw materials, and the functionality of furniture, are no more according to the emotional needs of users. There are concerns regarding how interior design can actually meet user s’ needs while enhancing cultural characteristics. This study explored emotional design in current interior spaces and highlighted current trends in interior design. Furthermore, the current work examined the influence of emotional design and cultural design in the New Chinese Decorative Style. A qualitative methodology was used to fulfill the study objectives and draw reliable conclusions. The data were collected from walking interviews conducted with the users of emotional designs in different showrooms. A useful technique thematic analysis for analyzing qualitative data. The findings, derived from 15 users, indicate that three levels of emotional design - visual aesthetic, functional use, and individual life - are evident in the experience of end-users within showrooms featuring the New Chinese Decorative Style. A cozy atmosphere, color patterns, minimalistic furniture, and visual harmony and unity in items were significantly linked to users’ emotions and pleasure in interior design. Thus, the findings indicated that integrating aesthetics and pleasure with emotions in interior design can significantly enhance customers’ experiences.

With the huge variables ushering in the Chinese takeaway market “COVID-19 pandemic”, there are more sinking user markets that continue to flood into it and the takeaway industry is booming. After the epidemic, the meaning of the word "takeaway" was extended from catering to food delivery, medicine delivery, and all kinds of necessities, and the takeaway delivery gradually accompanied the new retail consumption habits developed by users during the epidemic. In the whole service system of take-out delivery, with the increasing number of take-out delivery personnel, the take-out delivery e-bikes used are still ordinary travel e-bikes, lacking consideration and design of user behavior and usage scenarios. In the context of the new national standard "electric bicycle safety technical specifications" policy, there are still many takeaway delivery using electric bicycles do not meet the specifications, due to the delivery of limited time to arrive, a one-time delivery of overloaded goods and other cases of traffic accidents caused by frequent. This study introduces the KANO model and hierarchical analysis and TRIZ theory to study the real needs of users, and seeks to conduct innovative design research on take-away delivery electric bicycles.In the preliminary stage of the study, the secondary data research method was used to conduct preliminary summary research on a variety of businesses extending from the take-out industry, and the delivery process of riders in the take-out industry service system after receiving orders was derived through observation, interview, focus group discussion, and questionnaire research methods. Based on the KANO model framework to classify and prioritize user requirements, the non-linear relationship between product features and user satisfaction is identified based on the analysis of the impact of user requirements on user satisfaction. Recognize product and service requirements from the user's perspective, design and publish a valid questionnaire, summarize and classify the survey results, and build a quality model. Further research and analysis of the quality model to identify the sensitivity of specific measurement indicators. Combined with the hierarchical analysis method, the elements within the same level are compared in two-by-two analysis to determine their respective weights for the previous level, and finally give the importance ranking of all factors relative to the total goal, and finally tap into the real user needs. The TRIZ theory is then used to provide systematic theoretical and methodological tools for problem transformation, analysis and solution of needs creatively using innovative thinking methods and problem analysis methods, following the laws of technological system evolution. The KANO model and hierarchical analysis method are effectively combined with TRIZ theory to gradually quantify the qualitative analysis, which can generate more objective research data conclusions and provide innovative ideas for the design research of electric bicycle for delivery.In this study, the different needs of users are organized and differentiated in a hierarchical manner through KANO model analysis, combined with different emotional hierarchical need points of users. Predict the direction of users' emotional needs for the product, and match their emotional requirements with the product at different levels. Combined with the interview research, the design study was conducted taking into account the human-machine factors for the take-away delivery electric bicycle. In line with the new national standard policy, the delivery time of the rider is guaranteed at the same time, the area of the delivery goods and pick-up efficiency is improved, and the riding experience and safety of the rider are also taken into account. This is a research exploration of the takeaway delivery industry.This study combines the KANO model, hierarchical analysis and TRIZ theory to design a study on the process of users for take-out delivery. Through an in-depth study of user behavior, combined with the quantitative study of hierarchical analysis, different levels of demand are derived. Then, through TRIZ theory and emotional design, the take-out delivery service system was optimized and the innovative design of the take-out delivery bicycle was studied. In this study, based on the KANO model approach, the visual experience is designed from the appearance and user experience, giving the electric bicycle emotional factors to form a design that meets the user's needs. The whole design process also explored the correlation between design emotional needs and design form. The design solution evaluation results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the KANO model approach to user needs analysis in product design and provided an effective solution for the design innovation of electric bicycle for take-away delivery.

In Indonesia, the number of buses has increased significantly, particularly in major cities. Along with the advancement of mobile technology, people can now purchase bus tickets online using mobile applications. One of the popular online bus ticket booking platforms is RedBus. As one of the widely used applications, it is crucial to focus on User Experience (UX) because it significantly influences user satisfaction, encouraging continued use of the application. However, usability testing of the current RedBus application revealed that users are experiencing several issues, including difficulties in using the app, which leads to low user motivation and dissatisfaction with RedBus services. As a result, a redesign was needed to improve the UX of the RedBus application. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how UX can be improved after a redesign of the application. The redesign process employed the Design Thinking method, which consists of five phases: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test. UX was measured through usability testing, focusing on effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. The measurement results of the redesigned RedBus application showed a 44% increase in effectiveness, with efficiency reaching 0.079 goals per second. Additionally, user satisfaction improved by approximately 63% across all criteria. These findings provide practical insights for designers and developers looking to enhance UX in their applications. They underscore the importance of a user-centered approach and demonstrate the effectiveness of Design Thinking as a framework for successful redesigns. Moreover, this research offers a practical guideline on how to measure UX for digital products

MotivationThe empowerment of design for cultural and creative products in the digital media era is further amplified by social media platforms,its emotional and subconscious impact on users is important and profound. The development of the network economy has promoted this trend. At the same time, this trend has further promoted the growth of cultural and creative products market. However, too obscure appearance design can hardly arouse the resonance of different cultural groups in a short time. As an effective method to bridge the cultural gap between consumers, emotional design has become an important driving force for the development of cultural and creative products.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the impact of emotional factors on the willingness and preferences of ordinary consumers to buy Chinese cultural and creative products, and to further explore whether there are cognitive differences between the emotional design standards defined and promoted by professionals and the excellent design recognized by consumers according to their life experience and personal subjective emotional preferences.Design/methodology/approachThrough the construction of the emotional design model, this study selects four award-winning products in the cultural and creative product design competition and four commercial products with high sales volume in the online stores as research cases. Through 176 valid questionnaires conducted by non-professionals, this study makes an analysis by using the structural equation.ConclusionsThe study found that consumers' preference and purchase intention of Chinese cultural and creative products are affected by emotional design standards, but the impact results depend on the interaction of many factors. At the same time, there are also significant differences in cognitive paths between them.