A Performance Measurement and Analysis Method for Software-Defined Networking of IoV

Since the publication of the initial American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) Methodology for the Selection and Creation of Performance Measures,1 there has been an explosion in the development and application of performance measures. Although initially envisioned as a means for physician-led quality-improvement efforts, performance measures have been primarily used as tools for accountability and performance-based reimbursement instead. Given the centrality of and experience with performance measures for quantifying healthcare quality, the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF)/AHA Task Force on Performance Measures sought to update its methodology so that ongoing efforts to measure performance could benefit from emerging insights. The original methodology, proposed in 2005,1 remains the foundation for developing process performance measures. The principal recommendations of the 2005 report are summarized in Table 1. The 2010 report does not address detailed issues of analysis,3 pay for performance,4 or nonfinancial rewards for better performance5 because these topics have been addressed in other statements. The focus of the 2010 report is to provide a state-of-the-art perspective on the construction, collection, and emerging directions of performance measurement as a means to improve healthcare quality. View this table: Table 1. ACCF/AHA Attributes of Performance Measures Figure 1. An overview of the steps in providing care by domain. Reprinted from Spertus et al.1 Performance measures that articulate discrete processes of care, as opposed to structural aspects of care or outcomes, are distinctly different from both clinical practice guidelines and appropriate use criteria because they represent a subset of the clinical guidelines for which the evidence is sufficiently strong: typically where the highest-quality evidence of benefit unequivocally exceeds risk (Class I recommendation, Level of Evidence: A),8 failure to provide the therapy to an eligible patient meaningfully reduces the likelihood that the patient will experience the best possible outcome. In this report, …

The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) revolutionizes vehicle communication in dynamic networks. Message dissemination in IoV involves sharing critical information for the safety and convenience of the IoV network. It is very crucial to secure message dissemination due to potential cyber‐attacks, traffic disruptions, and privacy breaches. Data integrity, authentication, and privacy are vital to maintaining trust and safety in the IoV network. This network consists of resource‐constrained IoV devices with limited resources due to the availability of embedded components in vehicular systems. Therefore, optimizing algorithms and protocols is crucial for efficient vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication, enhancing safety and transportation efficiency. Solutions often include lightweight protocols and secure message exchange. This paper proposes a machine learning (ML) based secure and lightweight message dissemination framework for resource‐constrained IoV. First, we present an ML‐based threat classification model capable of effectively categorizing adversarial and nonadversarial data streams and delivering an optimized model with superior accuracy. Furthermore, we also propose a secure message dissemination scheme using lightweight cryptographic primitives, which significantly reduces computational, communication, and energy overhead. To validate the robustness of our proposed ML‐based secure and lightweight message dissemination framework, we evaluate it using various security parameters and performance measures such as computation cost, communication cost, energy cost, accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score. Our contributions promise to significantly enhance the security and efficiency of message dissemination in IoV environments and advance lightweight, secure, and reliable transportation systems for the future.

Performance measurement with the arbitrage pricing theory: A new framework for analysis

The advent of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has led to a significant surge in data generation from vehicles, prompting the innovative utilization of data transactions within the IoV environment. However, due to the inherent trustless nature of data transactions in IoV, concerns have arisen regarding the lack of trust between involved parties and the potential compromise of user privacy. To address these issues, blockchain technology emerges as a suitable decentralized distributed storage and security management solution, offering transparency and security in data transactions. In this study, we leverage blockchain to integrate with the IoV, devising a robust trust management framework, and devising a privacy protection scheme to safeguard user privacy concerns. Additionally, we employ the performance evaluation process algebra (PEPA) method for system modeling and performance analysis to assess the efficacy of our proposed solution. Empirical findings demonstrate that our approach effectively enhances the performance of data transactions within the IoV while ensuring that the privacy of users remains intact.

The development technology is something that happens quickly and surely this is marked by the number of new manufacturing companies that are emerging and spreading throughout the world. In the manufacturing industry the most important thing that must always be maintained is production efficiency, but the majority of industries only pay attention to the efficiency aspects of their production activities without regard to the aspects of humans who work in the industry. Human resource scorecard (HRSC) is an appropriate measurement method in identifying and measuring the relationship between workers, strategy, and performance to produce a good company. This human resource performance measurement is looking at business units from four perspectives: financial perspective (F), the customer (C), internal business process (I), and learning and growth (L). Each perspective in HRSC weighted by Analytical Hierarchy process method and then calculated by Objective Matrix (OMAX) to identify which category needed an extra attention and need to be repaired. The end result of OMAX will be reviewed by management theory so the solution made in this analysis will produce the best end result that needed by the company. This measurement is very critical to the company because the competition between company is getting tougher nowadays. HRSC measurement was carried in PT OCM by describing the company’s vision and mission into human resource action whose contribution can be measured using AHP analysis in 4 perspectives: financial perspective with a weight of 0.396, customer perspective (employee) with a weight of 0.118, internal business perspective with a weight of 0.240, and growth and development perspective with a weight of 0.247 after that PT OCM use that measurement in OMAX method to determine what KPI needed extra attention and repairment, management based theory will be applied in that solution to give the best result.

Diabetes mellitus performance measures in individuals with limited life expectancy.

This study examines the links between financial performance and executive compensation for high-performance companies (HPC). HPC display sustained and superior cash flow returns, asset growth, and total shareholder returns. In previous empirical analysis, HPC companies displayed specific identifiable financial performance drivers and measures when compared to companies in the S&P 500 (Needles et al., 2004). Most recently, HPC sustained their high performance when compared to the S&P 500 over varied economic periods. Further, the research identified operating asset management characteristics of these companies, especially as they relate to the cash cycle (Needles et al., 2004). Continuing this stream of research, this study first identifies the financial and non-financial performance measures related to compensation of top management of HPC as reported in the companies’ public disclosures. Then, these findings for HPC are matched to a set of comparable non-HPC. Finally, we evaluate the stated performance measures for executive compensation in light of the performance drivers and measures identified by previous research to be distinguishing characteristics of HPC. We hypothesize that HPC will more closely align stated performance measures for executive compensation with performance characteristics that have been shown to be characteristics of HPC. We find that HPC are more focused and unambiguous in their use of both financial and non-financial performance measures in executive compensation.

This research explores how child protection is constructed through performance measurement, and how the selection and reporting of performance indicators influences policy and practice. Performance measurement is now a mainstay of public sector management. At one level, it has a role in addressing ever-present questions about the quality and effectiveness of child protection services. However, there are concerns about assessing performance within a management framework, rather than a professional or client-centred framework. Therefore, the thesis aims to critically engage with the problems and potential of performance measurement in child protection with a view to maximising its capacity to promote better outcomes for children and families. It focuses particularly on the role of family support, because despite its proclaimed importance in legislation and policy, in practice family support work remains marginalised, situated 'outside' core child protection work. The research approaches performance measurement from a critical policy perspective, in which indicators have both technical and policy functions. While performance measurement may be viewed rationally as a means for government to manage resources, from a broader policy perspective the way it is conceptualised and implemented has major consequences for service delivery. The policy significance of performance measurement is explored through two studies. The first study analyses developments in policy and practice in three jurisdictions: England, Victoria (Australia) and Queensland (Australia). This analysis contrasts the prominent position of family support in child protection legislation and policy, with its marginal position in both practice and performance measurement. It outlines the socio-political context for performance measurement in child protection, drawing out the values and power relations embedded in performance indicators that give them a role in communicating policy intent. The study concludes that performance measurement in all three jurisdictions is directing policy attention (and therefore resources) towards investigation and out-of-home care, largely ignoring family support. The second study moves beyond the policy critique to more concrete concerns about how to reconstruct performance measurement in child protection to encompass family support indicators. Using a survey method, it seeks to describe and analyse the practice of family support in one jurisdiction (Queensland) according to a performance measurement model of inputs, outputs, processes and outcomes. It concludes that useful performance data can be collected to aid understanding of the contribution of family support to the overall child protection system. Such data will help to move family support beyond assumptions about its value, towards empirical scrutiny of its methods and results. It suggests that family support will command greater policy attention if included in the child protection performance measurement effort. The thesis concludes that viewed from a critical policy perspective, performance measurement can be harnessed in the interests of good practice. It can assist with the repositioning of family support, moving it from the realm of unproblematic moral goodness to more critical inquiry. It argues there is nothing inherently wrong with measuring effectiveness and efficiency, but it is important to examine the manner in which performance measurement is developed and implemented, its methods and consequences. Performance indicators are not neutral or merely technical. Establishing indicators can influence how social problems such as child abuse and neglect are defined, where resources are placed, what service types are funded, and how outcomes for children and families are defined. It questions the privilege performance indicators may be given within managerial approaches to government, as if they somehow provide an objective and unbiased account of how services are performing. However, this is not to suggest that performance indicators are worthless or meaninglessmrather that their meaning should be explicit, and their underpinning value stances debated within policy processes. Such debate will enhance the congruency between child protection research and indicators, and democratise the processes by which performance measures are developed, used and reported.

Currently, Edge computing (EC) paradigm is adopted to provision the low-latency resources for the massive real-time services in Internet of vehicles (IoV). To alleviate the QoE (Quality of Experience) degradation of the vehicular users due to the uncertainties (e.g., resource conflicts and communicating interruption), software-defined network (SDN) is involved in the EC-enabled IoV to manage the cooperative operation of distributed edge nodes (ENs). However, the increasing privacy leakage for the IoV service offloading causes the disclosure of the sensitive information, including driving location, personal information of the driver, etc. Moreover, the regulation of SDN is practically insufficient, as the general control is incompetent to maintain balanced operation with the premise of efficient service utility. In view of these challenges, a secure service offloading method, named SOME, is designed to promote IoV service utility and edge utility, meanwhile ensuring privacy security, in SDN-enabled EC. Specifically, an SDN-based framework for IoV service management is developed to address the inherent uncertainty of edge network by SDN controllers. Besides, the locality-sensitive-hash (LSH) is leveraged to realize utility- and privacy-aware service selection. Eventually, comparative experiments are implemented to verify the effectiveness of SOME.

PurposeThe intent of microfinance institutes (MFIs) in developing countries is to provide loans to very poor people in order to help them transform their lives. MFIs tend to receive subsidies; sustainability is being sought to free MFIs from non‐market dependencies. Sustainability is expected to be achieved with “best practices,” of which management with performance measures is a component. The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of performance measures by three Kenyan MFIs, which are classified as formal and client based, and likely to use rational and explicit performance measures. Clients in these MFIs are placed into self‐help groups with two responsibilities: to provide mutual support and advice to the borrowing client; and to provide the MFI with a guarantee that loans of group members will be repaid.Design/methodology/approachBased on a review of the economics and performance measurement systems literatures, research questions were developed along with an interview guide. Case studies were used to administer an interview guide which was distributed to the respondents prior to the face‐to‐face interviews.FindingsThe study concludes that MFIs have relatively well‐developed performance measures that support their particular businesses. There was a good balance between the use of financial and non‐financial performance measures. However, output measures were more commonly used than process measures. The nature of the MFIs suggests the importance of performance measurement. The managers of the MFIs are concerned with performance measurement, as expected within a bureaucracy, and a top‐down demand is present. In addition, group members or clients are interested in performance measurement as each member guarantees the loans of all fellow group members who have loans with the MFI. Thus, the customers exert a bottom‐up demand for performance measurement.Originality/valueThe findings support the view that performance measures are a means for managing MFIs and are a likely requirement for sustainability. Furthermore, the findings have identified performance measures (similar to those at banks) that are appropriate for the three MFIs in Kenya. The findings are important since the identified performance measures may be adopted by other evolving MFIs in this relatively new sector. In addition, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the genesis of the less popular results and determinants performance measurement framework of Fitzgerald et al.

While the deployment of performance measurement systems is a well-researched topic, the relationship among performance measurement, performance information use, and performance results receive limited attention in public administration literature. As the primary purpose of performance measurement is to foster organizational improvement, this study examines the impact of performance measurement and performance information use on perceived municipal and county performance in Florida. Through analysis of 29 local governments, the study finds that adequate performance measurement has a positive influence on performance information use which, in turn, influences organizational performance. The study did not find a direct influence of adequate performance measurement on municipal and county performance. Findings have significant implications on use of performance information and suggest a need in developing adequate performance measures in counties and municipalities.

Performance measurement has been part of the lexicon of public administration in the United States for several decades, but rhetoric has outdistanced practice by far in this area. Currently, however, there is a renewed interest in performance measures as an essential element of the results-oriented management movement that is sweeping the field, as reflected in legislative mandates and administrative initiatives as well as considerable conference and training activity and a revived stream of books and articles on the subject. Nevertheless, the extent to which performance measurement has taken hold in a meaningful way in public agencies is still an open question, particularly with respect to local government. Based on a survey of U.S. cities with populations of 25,000 and over, this article explores the extent to which performance measures are used and how they are used in contemporary municipal government. The Quest For Performance Measurement Performance measurement is an old idea that has taken on renewed importance. Measuring workload and worker efficiency was clearly part of the scientific management approach at the turn of the century, and the International City Management Association produced a publication on measuring municipal activities as early as 1943 (Ridley and Simon, 1943). In more modern times concern for measuring the performance of public programmatic entities arose with the interest in program budgeting in the 1960s and program evaluation in the 1970s. Harry Hatry and colleagues at the Urban Institute began publishing materials that promoted the use of performance measures and provided instruction on how to develop and use them (Hatry and Fisk, 1971; Waller, et al., 1976; Hatry, et al., 1977), while other authors talked about how to incorporate them in larger management processes (Altman, 1979; Epstein, 1984; Steiss, 1985; Wholey, 1983). A related but different stream of articles focused on performance measures as they play into the budgeting process (Grizzle, 1985; 1987; Brown and Pyers, 1988). Yet it has generally been understood that the promise and potential of performance measures greatly exceed their actual usefulness in practice. Indeed, one of the underlying premises of Downs and Larkey's The Search for Government Efficiency (1986) was that for a variety of reasons most governmental jurisdictions did not have the capability of measuring the performance of their programs. Performance Measurement in an Era of Public Management Reform A number of forces in the field of public administration have led to a renewed, or reinvigorated, interest in performance measurement in the 1990s. Taxpayer revolts, pressure for the privatization of public services, legislative initiatives aimed at controlling runaway spending, and the devolution of many responsibilities to lower levels of government have generated increased demands to hold government agencies accountable to legislatures and the public in terms of what they spend and the results they produce. In addition, the reinventing government movement initiated by Osborne and Gaebler in 1992 and Vice President Al Gore's National Performance Review in 1993 have called for a new way of thinking about how public agency performance is defined and measured. Driven in part by these external pressures and in part by their own motivation to provide cost-effective public services, public managers have been using a variety of approaches to strengthen the management capacity of their organizations, most notably through strategic planning (Bryson, 1995; Berry and Wechsler, 1995), through more encompassing strategic management processes (Eadie, 1989; Koteen, 1991; Vinzant and Vinzant, 1996), through quality management programs and reengineering processes (Berman and West, 1995; Cohen and Brand, 1993; Davenport, 1994; Hyde, 1995; Kravchuck and Leighton, 1993), and through benchmarking practices (Bruder, 1994; Keehley, et al. 1997), as well as reformed budgeting processes (Joyce, 1993; Lee, 1997). …

The purpose of this study is to design a Balanced Scorecard performance measurement that is integrated with Six Sigma methods in PT Jasuindo Tiga Perkasa, Tbk. Balanced Scorecard is a performance measurement method that includes the measurement of four perspectives; financial perspective and the other three non-financial perspectives (customer perspective, internal business processes perspective, and learning and growth perspective). This measurement method is integrated with DMAIC process (definition, measurement, analysis, improvement, control). Analysis technique is to identify the vision, mission, objectives, SWOT analysis and company strategy. Based on the measurement using key performance indicators of each perspective, the analysis is done in case of the decrease in performance, and focuses on finding control and solution to improve the performance. This study also measures the level of Six Sigma, where the company managed to achieve sigma level of 6.20, or 99.999869%. The re-sults obtained from the measurement are in accordance with the key performance indi-cators in which 1) there is an increase in financial perspective 2) there is a decrease in customer perspective, 3) there is an increase in internal business process perspective, and 4) there is a decrease in learning and growth perspective.

Mobile-edge computing-based delay minimization controller placement in SDN-IoV

PurposeThis study proposes a systematic and comprehensive circular economy (CE) performance measure as an instrument to operationalize and quantify circularity. It seeks to evaluate the relative contribution of blockchain technology to evaluate various measures in this study. A general research agenda for investigating blockchain capabilities to performance assessment in CE is presented.Design/methodology/approachEmpirical survey data from 32 CE and blockchain experts are collected to inform this study. Inductive reasoning, heatmaps, and a middle-range theory building approach are utilized to generalize theoretical patterns for blockchain support of CE performance assessment and measurement. A series of propositions are then developed as a middle-range theory for the true, false, perceptible, and hidden affordances of blockchain technology capabilities for CE performance measurement.FindingsOverall, sixteen performance measures and metrics are identified and examined. The authors find most of these measures and metrics – based on literature and expert opinion – can be supported using blockchain technology capabilities. Four major blockchain capabilities, transparency and traceability, reliability and security, smart contracts, and incentivization and tokenization are shown to have varying potential support for CE performance assessment. There needs to be an evaluation of true, false, perceptible, and hidden affordances of blockchain technology capabilities for CE performance measurement in future studies.Originality/valueBlockchain application for CE, and specifically performance measurements, is a new area. Research and practice evaluation on this issue is important but needs substantially additional investigation to help CE progress. This study provides a framework for evaluation and a foundation for future research at the nexus of CE, blockchain technology, and performance measurement.