A program for accelerating lactogenesis II using a breast pump shortly after cesarean section in Japan: A feasibility mixed-methods study.

The present research study was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of uterine and nipple stimulation on induction with oxytocin and the birth process. A randomized controlled experiment was conducted at the maternity ward of a state hospital located in the province of Sivas in Turkey. Three hundred ninety pregnant women who were giving birth via vaginal delivery were randomly assigned to three groups (nipple stimulation, uterine stimulation, control). After the birth, the groups were assessed in terms of the birth duration and synthetic induction with oxytocin. Statistical analyses were performed through the use of SPSS 14.0 software and included analysis of variance, Tukey's test, Dunnett's test, Tamhane's T2 test, and chi-square test. The study established statistically significant differences (p < .05) among the groups in terms of the average durations of the first, second and third phases of the action of birth, the status concerning delivery by C-section and the application of labor induction. The phases of birth were shorter for the nipple stimulation group (first phase: 3.8 hours, second phase: 16 minutes, third phase: 5 minutes) and the uterine stimulation group (first phase: 4.0 hours, second phase: 21 minutes, third phase: 6 minutes) when compared to the control group (first phase: 6.8 hours, second phase: 27 minutes, third phase: 6 minutes). In the control group, 89.2% of the pregnant women were subject to labor induction and 8.5% to cesarean section. No women in the nipple stimulation group or uterine stimulation group had a cesarean section. Nipple and uterine stimulation reduce the frequency of elective labor induction, the rate of relevant complications, and support normal vaginal birth by providing endogenous labor induction. Therefore, these interventions should be considered for pregnant women in labor.

BackgroundHuman hindmilk contains higher concentrations of fat than foremilk and is more desirable for growth in preterm infants who can tolerate limited volumes of breastmilk. There is currently no clear demarcation between foremilk and hindmilk. This study characterized the change in breastmilk’s fat content from the start to end of milk flow and defined this demarcation.MethodsMothers of infants born at ≤ 32 weeks gestational age and ≥ 14 days after childbirth in a University hospital in Bangkok, Thailand between July, 2011, and April, 2012 were included in this cross-sectional study. Breastmilk samples were sequentially collected from the start to end of milk flow in 5-mL aliquots using breast pumps. The fat content of each aliquot from each breast was determined through creamatocrit. The average creamatocrit of foremilk and hindmilk were compared in predefined foremilk to hindmilk ratios of 20:80, 25:75, 33:67, and 50:50. Creamatocrit of the first and last aliquots were compared for mothers who expressed low- (≤ 25-mL per breast) and high-volumes (> 25-mL per breast) of breastmilk.ResultsOf the 25 mothers enrolled, one was excluded due to unsuccessful creamatocrit measurement. The last aliquot of breastmilk had a significantly higher creamatocrit than the first from the same breast (median [interquartile range] of 12.7% [8.9%, 15.3%] vs. 5.6% [4.3%, 7.7%]; test statistic 1128, p < 0.001). Mean creamatocrit in hindmilk portions (9.23%, 9.35%, 9.81%, and 10.62%, respectively) was significantly higher than foremilk portions (6.28%, 6.33%, 6.72%, and 7.17%, respectively) at all predefined ratios. Creamatocrit increased by 1% for every 10% incremental increase in expressed breastmilk volume until the breast was emptied. Low-volume mothers had a significantly higher creamatocrit in the first aliquot compared with high-volume mothers (U = 437, p = 0.002). No significant difference in breastmilk volume was observed between mothers with and without breastfeeding experience.ConclusionsFat content in breastmilk increased on an incremental basis. More fluid definitions of foremilk and hindmilk should be adopted. Mothers should prepare their breastmilk into aliquots based on the required feeding volume of their infant. Hindmilk aliquots can be prioritized over foremilk aliquots to ensure infants obtain optimal caloric intake.

Information on the efficacy of breast stimulation for inducing labor in grandmultiparas and in women with a previous cesarean section with or without premature rupture of membranes is limited. Retrospective study of labor data from 135 women of grand multiparity or those with a previous section with or without premature rupture of the membranes in whom labor was induced by breast stimulation. The success rate in achieving vaginal delivery was 84%. The duration of breast stimulation, length of labor, vaginal delivery rate, and Apgar score did not differ significantly among the four groups studied. Breast stimulation in grandmultiparas and in women with a previous cesarean section is efficacious and safe.

Objective To investigate the expressions of prealbumin (PBA) in maternal serum and placenta tissue of pregnant women with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, preeclampsia (PE) and PE with fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its clinical significance. Methods A total of 98 cases of singleton pregnancy women with different degrees of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy who had routine prenatal examination and delivered by cesarean section in Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2014 to January 2016 were selected as research subjects. Among them, 31 pregnant women with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, 33 cases with PE, and 34 cases with PE and FGR were divided into hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group, simple PE group and PE with FGR group, respectively. There were 30 cases of early-onset PE and 37 cases of late-onset PE among 67 pregnant women in simple PE group and PE with FGR group. Another 36 cases of normal full-term singleton pregnancy women who had routine prenatal examination and delivered by cesarean section in the same hospital during the same period were included into control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical method were applied to detect the serum PBA levels and the expressions of PBA in placenta tissues of pregnant women before delivery. The serum PBA levels of 4 groups were compared by one-way ANOVA method, and further pairwise comparison was conducted by least-significant difference (LSD) method. Rates of negative, weakly positive, moderately positive, less strongly positive and strongly positive PBA expressions in placenta tissues of pregnant women in 4 groups were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H rank sum test, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for further pairwise comparison by adjusting size of test with Bonferroni method (α′=0.05/6=0.008). The procedures followed in this study were in accordance with the standards established by the Committee of Investigation in Human Beings Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, and this study was approved by the committee (Approval No. 2018LH-KS-025). All the subjects signed the informed consents for clinical trials. Results ①There were no statistical differences among 4 groups in the general clinical data, such as age, gravidity, parity, and body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy and so on (P>0.05). ②There were statistical differences among 4 groups in the mean arterial pressure, 24 h urine protein quantitation, gestational age, neonatal birth weight and serum PBA level (F=233.773, 222.081, 113.597, 214.420, 90.147; P<0.001). The results of further pairwise comparison of serum PBA levels among 4 groups showed that the serum PBA levels in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group, simple PE group and PE with FGR group were significantly lower than that in the control group, serum PBA levels in simple PE group and PE with FGR group were significantly lower than that in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group, serum PBA level in PE with FGR group was significantly lower than that in simple PE group, and all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). ③PBA was expressed in cytoplasm of placental villus trophoblast cells and represented as coarse brown particles. In maternal placental tissues of pregnant women in control group, PBA was less strongly positively and/ or strongly positively expressed in maternal placental tissues of pregnant women in simple PE group and PE with FGR group, PBA was negatively or weakly positively expressed; and PBA was moderately positively expressed in maternal placental tissues of pregnant women in hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group. ④There were statistical differences among 4 groups in the rates of negative, weakly positive, moderately positive, less strongly positive and strongly positive expression of PBA in maternal placental tissues (χ2=39.405, P=0.013). The results of further pairwise comparison showed that PBA expression in maternal placental tissues of pregnant women in simple PE group and PE with FGR group both were lower than that in the control group, and both the differences were statistically significant (Z=3.416, 4.846; P<0.001). Compared with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy group, PBA expression in maternal placental tissues of pregnant women in PE with FGR group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=2.829, P=0.004). ⑤Serum PBA level and PBA expression in maternal placental tissues of pregnant women with early-onset PE were lower than those with late-onset PE, and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.160, P=0.002; χ2=8.201, P<0.001). Conclusions PBA is lowly expressed in serum and placental tissues of pregnant women with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy, PE, and PE combined with FGR, especially in pregnant women with early-onset PE. And the expression level of PBA decreases as the severity of hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy increases. Key words: Hypertension, pregnancy-induced; Pre-eclampsia; Fetal growth retardation; Prealbumin; Pregnant women

There is increased interest in “lactational programming” as a potential mechanism by which maternal and offspring obesity are linked; that is, there are bioactive hormonal and other factors in milk that vary by maternal nutritional status and can alter infant growth rate. However, existing studies often do not consider whether breast milk sample volume could play a role in these associations.ObjectivesWe tested whether the volume of milk collected from mothers for hormone assays was associated with maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain. Secondary analyses examined the associations of breast milk volume with infant weight status.MethodsParticipants were 54 exclusively breastfeeding mother‐infant dyads (average maternal age 30.9 ± 3.8 years, 91% White), enrolled in the ongoing Mothers and Infants LinKed for Healthy Growth (MILK) study. Maternal and infant anthropometrics and breast milk volume were assessed at one and three months postpartum. Pre‐pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain were calculated using first prenatal visit weight, measured height, and delivery weight. Infant weight and length were measured and converted to WHO Z‐scores. Milk volume was assessed by having mothers provide a single complete breast expression using an electric breast pump (Medela, Inc.) exactly two hours after feeding their infant until volitionally satisfied. Linear regression models examined associations of maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with milk volume, after controlling for age, parity, education, and race. Milk volume was also examined as a predictor of infant weight and length status.ResultsAverage pre‐pregnancy BMI was 25.6 ± 4.7 kg/m2 (53.7% normal weight, 25.9% overweight, 20.4% obese), and mean gestational weight gain was 14.1 ± 5.2 kg. Breast milk volume increased from 68.4 ± 32.0 ml at one month postpartum to 70.3 ± 35.1 ml at three months. An inverse association was observed between pre‐pregnancy BMI and milk volume at three months only (β=−3.13, p=0.006). Gestational weight gain was not associated with milk volume at one or three months. We also found that milk volume at one month was positively associated with weight for‐age Z‐scores at one (β= 0.01, p=0.015) and three months (β= 0.01, p=0.023). Milk volume was not associated with length‐for‐age or weight‐for‐length Z‐scores.ConclusionsPreliminary analyses from the MILK study showed that greater pre‐pregnancy BMI was associated with a reduction in milk volume from a standardized milk expression at three months postpartum. Milk volumes were also positively associated with weight‐for‐age Z‐scores at one and three months postpartum. If milk hormone concentrations are found to vary with milk volume produced, our results indicate the need to control for this factor when examining the role of breast milk hormones in the transmission of obesity risk from mother to offspring.Support or Funding InformationR01 HD080444 (National Institute for Child Health and Development)

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood sugar levels, is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, and disability globally. The rampant rise in the prevalence of diabetes presents a public health burden and a challenge to the primary care setting. Diabetes self-management coaching is an emergent, client-centered, solution-focused approach to enhance self-efficacy and self-care behavior, control glycemia, and prevent acute and chronic complications. Currently, there is no diabetes self-management support strategy in the primary care setting in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of implementing the Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program in primary care in Ethiopia. A single-center, single-blinded, parallel group mixed-methods feasibility randomized control design was applied to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of the Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program in primary care. Adult patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c ≥ 7%, taking diabetic medication, and living in Gondar town were included in the study. A block randomization technique with a block size of four was used to allocate participants into the treatment and control groups. The treatment group attended a 12-week Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program in addition to undergoing usual care, while the control group received the usual care for the same period. Data were collected at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and after the follow-up period. Descriptive statistics such as the frequency, mean, median, and standard deviations were computed. Based on the normality assessment, the baseline group difference was examined using the independent sample Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and the chi-square test. This study's eligibility, recruitment, retention, and adherence rates were 23%, 70%, 90%, and 85%, respectively. Both the qualitative and quantitative findings show that the program was feasible to implement in primary care and acceptable to the participants. The fidelity assessment of the Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program indicates an appropriate intervention implementation. This study demonstrated remarkable recruitment, retention, and adherence rates. The Diabetes Self-Management Coaching Program was feasible, acceptable, and implementable in primary care in Ethiopia. As a result, we recommend that a large-scale multi-center cluster randomized controlled trial with an adequate sample can be designed to evaluate the effect of the DSM Coaching Program on clinical and behavioral outcomes.

Intrapartum nipple stimulation therapy for labor induction: a randomized controlled external pilot study of acceptability and feasibility

Objective To evaluate the expression and distribution of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in term placentas of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods Placental samples were collected from 36 normal full-term singleton pregnant women (control group) and 33 full-term singleton pregnant women with GDM who had elective cesarean section in Peking University First Hospital between November 2014 and June 2015. Immunohistochemical assay was used to detect the expression and distribution of TLR4 in placental tissues. T test was used to compare the expression of TLR4 in various cell types of placenta by semi-quantitative analysis. Results (1) TLR4 was expressed in the cell membrane, cytoplasm or nuclei of trophoblast, decidual cells, vascular endothelial cells and amniotic epithelial cells of term placentas. (2) Compared with the control group, the expression of TLR4 was significantly enhanced in trophoblast and decidual cells of GDM women (0.38±0.01 vs 0.31±0.01, 0.39±0.01 vs 0.34±0.01, t=5.218 and 4.525, all P 0.05). Conclusions The expression of TLR4 is different in various cell types of GDM term placentas. Key words: Diabetes, gestational; Placenta; Toll-like receptor 4; Trophoblasts

Aging is a progressive and heterogeneous biological process influenced by multiple factors that may compromise physical and cognitive capacities and increase the risk of frailty, functional decline, and falls in older adults. Falls represent a major public health concern due to their impact on independence and long-term care demand. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) delivered through active video games (exergames) has emerged as a preventive strategy that integrates sensory, motor, and cognitive stimulation within controlled and engaging environments, particularly where traditional programs face challenges related to adherence and individual adaptation. This study aims to determine the feasibility and implementation of an IVR-based program for falls prevention in older adults at risk of frailty in primary health care (PHC). A quasi-experimental pre-post design will be conducted with an intervention group (IVR/exergames) and a conventional control group, including a total sample of 40 participants (20 per group). The protocol comprises three phases: baseline assessment and IVR familiarization; a 12-week intervention delivered twice weekly; and post-intervention assessment. The primary outcome will be fall risk assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Secondary outcomes include physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery, SPPB, and handgrip dynamometry) and psychological aspects related to falls (Falls Efficacy Scale International, FES-I, and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale, ABC). Feasibility indicators will include recruitment, adherence, retention, and cybersickness. A reduction in TUG time is expected, providing preliminary evidence on the feasibility of integrating IVR-based programs for falls prevention within PHC systems.

Produce prescription programs aim to improve food insecurity (FI) and nutrition but their effectiveness is unclear. We conducted a pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility and explore the potential impact of a family-based, home-delivery produce prescription and nutrition education program. We measured enrollment, satisfaction, participation, and retention as measure of feasibility. Adult participants answered pre-post self-report questionnaires assessing FI, child and adult fruit and vegetable intake, and culinary literacy and self-efficacy. To understand participants’ lived experiences, qualitative interviews were conducted at the 6-month time point. Twenty-five families were enrolled. Feasibility measures indicate participants were generally satisfied with the program but there were important barriers to participation. Qualitative data revealed themes around reduced food hardship, healthy eating, budget flexibility, and family bonding. Fruit and vegetable consumption increased in a small subgroup of children, but post-intervention intake remained below recommended levels, particularly for vegetables. FI scores were not significantly different post-intervention, but qualitative findings indicated improved access and reliability of food. This is the first intervention of its kind to be evaluated for feasibility and our results suggest the intervention is well-received and supportive. However, further study, with a larger sample size, is needed to understand factors influencing participation and assess effectiveness.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 aggravated already existing difficulties and added new challenges for students. Owing to the gap between needed and available psychological services, group interventions may offer a helpful strategy for student mental health promotion. This study aimed to investigate the acceptability and feasibility of a 4-week online support group program designed for mental health promotion tailored to graduate students at a Brazilian public university in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2022 to June 2022). Participants in the program took part in online support groups based on a pilot group facilitated by a trained clinical psychologist. Self-administered, standardized web-based questionnaires were assessed at the baseline (T0; before the intervention), postintervention (T2), and follow-up (T3; after 4-6 weeks) time points. We measured sociodemographic variables, treatment credibility and expectancy (Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire), satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire), negative effects of the intervention (Negative Effects Questionnaire), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), and participants' quality of life (abbreviated World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment). A 9-answer option questionnaire and open-ended questions also assessed the group's perceived positive and negative outcomes. The total sample comprised 32 participants. Most (23/32, 72%) were doctoral students. Credibility and expectancy scores were high. Participants' satisfaction (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire) with the program was high at the postintervention (T2) and follow-up (T3) evaluations (T2: mean 28.66, SD 3.02; T3: mean 27.91, SD 3.02). Most participants reported that they could learn from other participants' experiences (T2: 29/32, 91%; T3: 27/32, 84%) and felt encouraged to take better care of themselves (T2: 22/32, 69%; T3: 24/32, 75%). None of the participants reported that they had no benefits from the program. The PHQ-9 scores showed mild to moderate depressive symptoms (mean 9.59, SD 6.34), whereas the answers of 9% (3/32) of the participants to the PHQ-9 item 9 indicated suicidality at baseline (T0). Finally, the 4 domains of quality of life (physical: P=.01; psychological: P=.004; social: P=.02; and environmental: P<.001) showed a slight and statistically significant improvement at the postintervention evaluation (T0: mean 57.03, SD 15.39 to 59.64, SD 17.21; T2: mean 64.32, SD 11.97 to 68.75, SD 8.87). Online support groups for the mental health promotion of graduate students are feasible and can be especially useful for universities with students allocated to different cities. They are also satisfactory and may positively influence participants' quality of life. Therefore, they can be considered a helpful mental health promotion strategy in the educational context. Further studies could evaluate these (or similar) programs under nonpandemic circumstances.

Health care workers face serious mental health challenges as a result of ongoing work stress. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated that stress, resulting in high rates of anxiety, depression, and burnout. To date, few evidence-based programs targeting mental health outcomes in health care workers have been described. To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a skills-based coaching program designed to reduce stress and build resilience. A pilot cohort study was conducted between September 2020 and April 2021 using preprogram and postprogram assessments and a mixed-methods analysis. Duration of follow-up was 7 weeks. The coaching program was delivered via video conferencing. Participants were health care workers and staff from a large urban health system. The Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) program, a manualized, skills-based coaching program originally developed for adolescents and young adults with serious/chronic illness, was adapted to support health care workers and staff ("PRISM at Work"). It included 6 weekly 1-hour group sessions. Feasibility was defined a priori as 70% completion rates. Acceptability was defined quantitatively (satisfaction scores) and qualitatively (open-ended questions regarding experience with program). Preliminary outcomes were assessed with preprogram and post program assessments of self-reported resilience, stress, anxiety, and burnout using validated instruments. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic variables and feasibility and acceptability. Linear mixed effects regression models examined preliminary outcomes, controlling for relevant covariates. A total of 153 participants (median [SD] age, 40.6 [10.1] years; 142 [92%] were female; 128 [84%] identified as having White race; 81 [53%] were in patient-facing roles) enrolled. Of the 132 health care workers who provided follow-up surveys, 120 (91%) had completed the program, and 116 (88%) reported being satisfied. Answers to open-ended questions suggested that participants wanted more PRISM either with longer or additional sessions. Participant-reported resilience (β = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.00-2.48), stress (β = -2.40; 95% CI, -3.28 to -1.51), anxiety (β = -2.04; 95% CI, -2.74 to -1.34), and burnout-exhaustion (β = -0.37; 95% CI, -0.56 to -0.18) improved after the program. Results of this study suggest that PRISM at Work may have utility for health care workers and staff in that the program was found to be feasible, acceptable, and associated with improved outcomes.

Many individuals with Parkinson disease (PD) suffer from impaired dexterity, which impacts activities of daily living and quality of life. Exergaming, video game-based training with augmented virtual reality, may have value for improving function. The aim of the present pilot study was to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of a dexterity training program using exergaming, in individuals with PD. Ten participants with PD (aged between 55 and 75 years, Hoehn and Yahr stages II-IV) trained over a period of 4 weeks, twice a week for 30 minutes. Baseline (T0) and postintervention (T1) assessments were done. Primary outcomes with respect to feasibility were the adherence rate, open-end questions, the level of participation (Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale), and the usability (System Usability Scale). Dexterous function was measured with the Nine-Hole Peg Test and the Dexterity Questionnaire-24. Upper limb motor impairment was assessed by a modified version of the Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III. Finally, quality of life was assessed by the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Adherence rate was 99%, motivation increased significantly from 3.9 to 4.8 (Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale, P = 0.03), and system usability of the exergaming system was acceptable to very good. Regarding potential efficacy, participants with impaired dexterity at T0 significantly improved in the Nine-Hole Peg Test and the PDQ-39. The outcomes of this pilot study suggest that exergaming is feasible and has potential to improve dexterity in individuals with PD. Its efficacy should be investigated in a properly powered randomized controlled trial.Video Abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A270).

We pilot-tested a text message-based diabetes care program in an urban African-American population in which automated text messages were sent to participants with personalized medication, foot care, and appointment reminders and text messages were received from participants on adherence. Eighteen patients participated in a 4-week pilot study. Baseline surveys collected data about demographics, historical cell phone usage, and adherence to core diabetes care measures. Exit interview surveys (using close-coded and open-ended questions) were administered to patients at the end of the program. A 1-month follow-up interview was conducted surveying patients on perceived self-efficacy. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare baseline survey responses about self-management activities to those at the pilot's end and at 1-month follow-up. Eighteen urban African-American participants completed the pilot study. The average age was 55 and the average number of years with diabetes was 8. Half the participants were initially uncomfortable with text messaging. Example messages include "Did you take your diabetes medications today" and "How many times did you check your feet for wounds this week?" Participants averaged 220 text messages with the system, responded to messages 80% of the time, and on average responded within 6 minutes. Participants strongly agreed that text messaging was easy to perform and helped with diabetes self-care. Missed medication doses decreased from 1.6 per week to 0.6 (p = .003). Patient confidence in diabetes self-management was significantly increased during and 1 month after the pilot (p = .002, p = .008). Text messaging may be a feasible and useful approach to improve diabetes self-management in urban African Americans.

Aim: The purpose of our study was to determine the content of trans fatty acids in early human breast milk as an indicator of dietary exposure in a sample of Roma breast-feeding women and in a sample of women from the general Czech population. Methods: We collected samples of early human milk from 43 Prague women from the general population and 21 Roma women. After lipid extraction, the fatty acids were converted into methyl esters (FAMEs). Finally, gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) analysis on a CP-Sil 88 column was used to determine C18:1 trans monoenic fatty acid levels and total trans isomers fatty acid levels in human milk. Results: A significantly higher content of C18:1 trans fatty acid isomers was detected in human milk fat from Roma mothers than in women of the general population (2.73 vs. 2.09%, p < 0.05). Both groups monitored did not differ in the representation of total fatty acid trans isomers. Differences in the frequency of consumption of certain TFA sources (butter, fried crisps) were established. Conclusions: The study proved a higher fatty acid trans isomers content in Roma breast-feeding mothers in the Czech Republic, and this is probably related to their bad eating habits.