A Review of Primary Mine Ventilation System Optimization

In the era of technological innovation, mine intelligent ventilation is an inevitable trend of development. Mine ventilation technology is an important guarantee for the stable and reliable operation of mine ventilation system. Therefore, the current situation and future development trend of mine ventilation technology in the past 30 years are sorted out. The 1586 mine ventilation literature included in the Web of Science database from 2000 to 2024 were used for research. Employing CiteSpace6.3.R1 visualization tools, this paper identified influential authors, countries, and institutions in this field. Through keyword frequency analysis, clustering, timeline examination, and burst detection, it was determined that further research in mine ventilation technology should focus on aspects such as flow dynamics, simulation techniques, numerical modeling, and mine ventilation behavior. This strategic approach aims to enhance both the theoretical framework and practical implementation of mine ventilation, thereby augmenting its significance in coal mining operations.

The combination of environmental factors in deep underground mines poses risks to worker safety and health while negatively affecting operational cost efficiency. As mines reach greater depths, maintaining safe and energy-efficient ventilation becomes a central engineering challenge due to elevated heat, gas accumulation, and airflow resistance. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate optimization strategies for deep underground mine ventilation systems, focusing on methods that enhance airflow performance, energy efficiency, and occupational safety. Through a comprehensive literature-based assessment, the study examines key optimization techniques, including ventilation-on-demand, dynamic fan control, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven monitoring, to identify best practices for sustainable mine ventilation. Technological innovations such as automation, digital twins, and Internet of Things (IoT)-based control systems are also discussed for their role in enabling intelligent and adaptive ventilation management. The findings highlight that integrating optimization with modern technologies not only improves air quality and energy efficiency but also strengthens safety performance and environmental compliance in deep mining operations. Overall, this study provides an updated synthesis of global research and industrial practices to guide the design and optimization of ventilation systems that ensure both operational effectiveness and long-term sustainability in deep underground mines.

This study was conducted to quantify heat and moisture production (HMP) of W-36 laying hens in their prime laying phase (27 to 33 weeks of age) using four large-scale indirect animal calorimeters. Two experiments were conducted involving two groups of hens. The hens were exposed to conditions of 24C to 27C and concomitant relative humidity (RH) of 45% to 65% for six weeks. In each experiment, a total of 216 laying hens were used, with 54 hens housed in each of the four calorimeters at the cage stocking density of 435 cm2 hen-1 (67 in.2 hen-1) that was typical of industry practice. Total heat production (THP), room-level latent heat production (LHP), and room-level sensible heat production (SHP) were expressed as daily time-weighted average (TWA), with an average of 16 h light and 8 h dark. The results showed that HMP was similar for the 24C to 27C temperature range. THP, LHP, and SHP, in W kg-1 (mean SE) were, respectively, 6.1 0.3, 2.3 0.2, and 3.8 0.1 for the daily TWA; 6.5 0.3, 2.4 0.2, and 4.1 0.1 for the light period; and 5.4 0.3, 2.2 0.2, and 3.2 0.1 for the dark period. The HMP data contribute to the design and operation of ventilation systems in modern laying hen housing.

Mining is a continuous process of continuous change and development, and mine ventilation systems are an important part of the process. Mining is a continuous process of continuous change and development, and mine ventilation systems are an important part of the process. Additionally, the mining process is constantly evolving and innovating. Despite the improvements in technology, there are still some problems with the current mine ventilation system, including its hardware structure and design control. It is necessary to improve and solve these problems. An approximate optimization algorithm is used to improve the ventilation pipes and air network in the mine ventilation system to solve the problem of the unreasonable ventilation system design. It is also designed to meet the corresponding requirements in terms of return air section resistance and air supply route resistance. Efforts are made to improve the mine ventilation system's performance, and the system's main air supply branches are optimized to increase their efficiency.

In this paper, the problem of applying bilingual education in the course “mine ventilation and safety” is considered. According to the actual teaching situation in China, we propose a gradual progressive method, in which the teaching process is divided into three stages, to practice the bilingual education in the course “mine ventilation and safety”, and in each stage, the teaching methods are also be proposed. Furthermore the teaching effect assessment indices are also be put forward. Finally, the practical teaching results show the effectiveness of the proposed teaching methods and the teaching effect assessment system.

Heat and moisture production rates inside animal confinement provide the basis for design and operation of thebuilding ventilation system. This article describes ventilation rate (VR) requirement by a modern high-rise layer (Hy-LineW-36 breed) house based on sensible heat and moisture production rates (SHP, MP) that were newly collected at the birdlevel or room level designated as the new data vs. those collected some years ago designated as the old data. The effectsof bird stocking density on VR and balance temperature, tbal (outside temperature below which supplemental heat is neededto maintain the target house temperature) were also examined. The VR values cover an outdoor air temperature range of-25.C to 20.C (-13.F to 68.F) at 5.C (9.F) increments, an outdoor relative humidity (RHo) range of 20% to 70%, and indoorRH (RHi) of 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80%. Use of the old room-level SHP and MP led to a 10% higher VR for temperature controlbut a 18% lower VR for moisture control, as compared with use of the new data. Similarly, use of the old bird-level SHP andMP led to a 5% higher and a 57% lower VR for temperature and moisture control, respectively. These outcomes arose fromthe lower SHP but higher MP of modern layers and their housing systems. The results reaffirm the need to use updatedroom-level SHP and MP in ventilation design and operation of production housing systems. A 31% reduction in cage stockingdensity by increasing floor space from 355 to 465 cm2/hen (55 to 72 in.2/hen) would reduce VR for temperature control by6% to 8% and elevate tbal by 1.0.C to 2.4.C (1.8.F to 4.3.F) for a target house temperature of 15.C to 25.C (59.F to77.F)and RHi of 50%. The elevation in tbal can be compensated by temporarily raising RHi setpoint when copying with unusuallycold weather.

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This paper presents the results of a series of recent studies to investigate the improved optimal design and planning of the main ventilation systems of complex multi-level mine networks using a genetic algorithm (GA) routine. It is concluded that the method may be successfully used to investigate the benefits offered by alternative ventilation configurations and to determine the most practical and cost-effective ventilation system during the various mine planning stages (short-, medium- and long-term). In particular, the optimum number, location and duties of booster fans, and size and location of regulators may be evaluated and selected. The objective of the final ventilation design is to identify the ventilation system that operates in both a safe and energy-efficient manner. The method has been refined to include the selection of practical fan units that match the optimal fan operating duties determined by the GA routine. The paper also reviews general optimisation strategies that may be employed to enhance and maintain the performance of mine ventilation systems.

Analysis of the Stability of the Ventilation System in Baishan Coalmine

Temperate buildings are comfortable, safer and more productive places to work. Ensuring that extremes of cold and heat, and airborne diseases are mitigated is through effective design, function and management of ventilation systems. This book addresses the basics of ventilation systems and their use in building-based workplaces and how to ensure they are managed successfully. This book provides comprehensive technical information regarding the design and implementation of dilution and local exhaust ventilation systems to ensure safe and productive workplaces. It presents a simple and readable summary of how to design, install, and operate industrial ventilation systems, all highlighted through illustrations and tables. This title is written to international standards on the design of dilution and local exhaust ventilation systems, including ASHRAE and ACGIH standards. Design of Workplace Dilution and Local Ventilation Systems is an ideal reference for safety engineers, designers, specialists, engineers, architects, and contractors tasked with ventilation systems. It is also a useful reference for undergraduate and graduate students to master the complex fundamentals of designing dilution and local exhaust ventilation systems.

This paper is the introduction to a topical collection on “Changing Values and Energy Systems” that consists of six contributions that examine instances of value change regarding the design, use and operation of energy systems. This introduction discusses the need to consider values in the energy transition. It examines conceptions of value and value change and how values can be addressed in the design of energy systems. Value change in the context of energy and energy systems is a topic that has recently gained traction. Current, and past, energy transitions often focus on a limited range of values, such as sustainability, while leaving other salient values, such as energy democracy, or energy justice, out of the picture. Furthermore, these values become entrenched in the design of these systems: it is hard for stakeholders to address new concerns and values in the use and operation of these systems, leading to further costly transitions and systems’ overhaul. To remedy this issue, value change in the context of energy systems needs to be better understood. We also need to think about further requirements for the governance, institutional and engineering design of energy systems to accommodate future value change. Openness, transparency, adaptiveness, flexibility and modularity emerge as new requirements within the current energy transition that need further exploration and scrutiny.

The incompatible data information between the various types of ventilation management software and the coal mine safety monitoring system has become a major obstacle to the mine ventilation and safety management informatization. This paper studies the synchronizing integration of the heterogeneous data between the coal mine three-dimensional visualization ventilation system and the security monitoring system, which divides the mine ventilation information into the basic information and the security monitoring real-time information, analyses the transmission characteristics of the real-time monitoring data, explores the conversion of heterogeneous data online communication, and achieves the integration of geometric parameters and various dynamic parameters for the coal mine ventilation system.

Designing models of mine ventilation systems requires dedicated software. This article provides practical recommendations for adapting 3D models of ventilation systems in mines for the tasks of mathematical modelling, with the most efficient option of creating a graphical analogue in the AeroSet analytical software suite. The presented material on the combined use (import) of the ventilation functional diagrams from AutoCAD or Micromine graphical design software for better control of the project and its results, as well as for further project progress, which allows for prompt introduction of descriptions of the mine levels in the ore body and permanent workings that require special attention when selecting the parameters of the main ventilation equipment with due account of the mathematical programming algorithms. Designing technical solutions based on numerical modelling using the AeroSet software suite helps optimize capital and operating costs for ventilation in mines, provided that the initial and model parameters used for analyzing the ventilation system match as closely as possible.

In underground constructions, a good ventilation design not only delivers fresh air to establish good working environment, but also provides a scientific and reliable basis to prevent disasters. In emergency cases, unexpected closure of the main airways may occur, providing the workers with alternative airways is substantial. This is important not only to sustain personnel lives, but also to prevent the mine ventilation system from damage. In this research, alternate solutions were introduced in case of failure in the underground construction to keep a pre-assigned fixed quantity in a working place for mine ventilation network. Eight different collapse scenarios were proposed to study their effect on the air quantity distribution among the branches in the ventilation circuit. From these scenarios, it is found that providing a sufficient air quantity in the working places could be achieved through modification of the network topology and adjusting the values of the regulators pressure. It is also indicated that the distance between the collapse and working places has a great effect on the amount of air delivered to it. A reduction in the power consumption could be done by re-arrange the installed regulators and decreasing the number of nodes and branches inside the network. A relationship representing the effect of changing the network topology on the total network power consumption was deduced through regression analysis. It is found that the total network power is quadratic dependent on the number of regulators and number of branches while it is directly dependent on the regulator power.

Ensuring safety in the mining industry is a critical concern for a nation's industrial advancement. Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, is at the forefront of efforts to enhance mining practices. Coal seams contain a range of hydrocarbon gases, predominantly methane, which is released in significant quantities during mining operations. Effectively mitigating methane emissions is imperative. The inclusion of methane forecasting allows for the early identification of potential methane emissions, hence resulting in significance enhancement in mine safety. The research work is focused on real-time remote monitoring and cloud-based forecasting of methane levels in underground coal mines. An Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device is developed for data acquisition in underground coal mines, capturing essential parameters such as methane concentration, temperature, and humidity. The collected data are utilized to train a long short-term memory based multivariate forecasting model. The trained model is subsequently deployed in the cloud. The experiment is performed in a mine of Eastern Coalfields Limited, India. After the deployment of the proposed model, the developed IIoT device transmits real-time data, obtained from the mine, to the cloud. Based on the real-time data, our model conducts methane forecasting and communicates results back to the IIoT device. The device issues immediate alerts when methane levels surpass predefined thresholds. This ensures enhanced safety in mining operations by providing warnings for both current and forecasted methane concentrations. The forecasted methane concentrations, along with real-time data, are accessible through mobile applications and a web-based dashboard. The accuracy of the proposed model is measured by mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error, and root mean square error, which demonstrate values of 156.95 ppm, 4.23%, and 191.53 ppm, respectively. A comparative study is performed where our model is evaluated against the multivariate multilayer perceptron, vector autoregression, and auto-regressive integrated moving average models. The comparative study demonstrates that our developed model outperforms the others, showing superior results.