A Review on Floating Drug Delivery System and Its Possible Future Scope

Floating drug delivery systems: an approach to oral controlled drug delivery via gastric retention

In recent years the novel technology of floating drug delivery system formulations are designed for the new drugs for oral targeted drug delivery. The drugs are delivered by conventional dosage forms are having very short residence time, but the drugs which are act in stomach are have more residence time. The floating drug delivery systems are of particular interest for drugs drugs that are locally active and narrow absorption window in stomach. System which are retained in the stomach for a longer period of time and there by improve the bioavailability of drugs. In this review the various advantages are given which are very important for controlled drug delivery system. Floating drug delivery system have a bulk density less than gastric fluids. When the system floats on gastric contents the drug is released slowly at the desire rate from system. The polymers are suitable for floating drug delivery system are covered in this review.

Oral drug delivery system represents one of the main areas of sustained drug delivery system. Floating drug delivery system related to oral sustained drug delivery system group, which is capable of floating in the stomach for an exteneded period of time. Ranitidine hydrochloride is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist. It is widely prescribed in active duodenal ulcers, gastric ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and GERD. A traditional oral sustained release formulation releases most of the drug at the colon, thus the drug should have absorption window either in the colon or throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Ranitidine is absorbed only in the initial part of the small intestine and has 50% absolute bioavailability. The aim of the present research is to provide a gastroretentive system for sustained release of Ranitidine hydrochloride in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract in the form of floating tablet. Gastroretentive tablets of Ranitidine Hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression technique using polymers like Carbopol, Chitosan, Styrene-divinylbenzene and the mixture of Magnesium stearate as a lubricant, Talc as a glidant and Lactose as fillers. The results of the present research show that the chitosan and carbopol 940 mixed matrices can be used to modify release rates in hydrophilic matrix tablets prepared by direct compression. Incorporation of the highly porous low-density copolymer in the matrix tablets provides densities that are lower than the density of the release medium. 17% w/w low density copolymer (based on the mass of the tablet) was sufficient to achieve proper in vitro floating behavior for at least 8 h. Keywords: Floating drug delivery system, Ranitidine hydrochloride, Gastrointestinal tract, Carbopol, ChitosanÂ

Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are controlled release drug delivery systems, which get retained in the stomach for longer periods, thus helping in absorption of drug for the intended duration of time. Gastricretentive drug delivery devices can be useful for the spatial and temporal delivery of many drugs. In general, drugs with narrow therapeutic window and prone to degradation in intestine and colon along with drugs having low retention time in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are selected for FDDS which helps drugs to stay long time in stomach thus increasing gastric residence time and reduces dosing frequency. The present review article shows the various methods of FDDS for increasing retention time of drugs in GIT. Key words: Dosing frequency, floating drug delivery systems, gastric

Sustained-release floating drug delivery systems (FDDSs) enable prolonged and continuous input of the drug to the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract have been designed and fabricated using three dimensional printing (3DP) technology. A new strategy is proposed for the development of FDDSs. The design of FDDSs was based on the sustained release formulation, with low density and floating features in order to prolong the gastric retention time, with special surface textures and variations of drug distribution in the FDDSs for constant release profiles. The local variations of drug in the FDDSs were traced by methylene blue. To measure the floating force, a novel apparatus was developed. Duration of buoyancy and drug release profiles were determined in vitro. It was found that FDDSs were able to float on the dissolution medium 12h, which was the whole tests time periods, and free out the model drug metformin hydrochloride in a way of near zero-order kinetics. 3DP is able to offer possibility for developing FDDSs with complicated design features for providing long-time gastro-retention and desired drug release profiles.

Orally-administered controlled-release drug delivery systems are associated with the shortcomings of relatively short residence times in the human stomach as well as highly variable gastrointestinal (GI) transit times. Thus, considerable intra-individual and inter-individual differences in the bioavailability of drugs are observable. There are numerous drug substances which may benefit from prolonged and controlled GI passage times. As a solution to the problem, gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS), which feature an enhanced gastric residence time (GRT), were developed. Several approaches are currently used including Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS), swelling and expanding system, polymeric bioadhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high density system and other delayed gastric emptying devices. The drugs having absorption window in the upper part of Gastro Intestinal Tract (GIT) have enhanced bioavailability when formulated through these techniques. The recent technological development for enhancing GRT including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, patented delivery systems, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. Despite the extensive research performed in the field of GRDDS, the development, the production, and the evaluation of floating devices are still challenging. The purpose of writing this review was to compile recent literature on pharmaceutical approaches used in enhancing the Gastric Residence Time (GRT). Enhancing the GRT may explore new potentials of stomach as drug-absorbing organ. © 2020 iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation. All rights reserved.

Amongst assorted regio-selective and targeted oral drug delivery strategies accepted for the gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS), the floating drug delivery system (FDDS) holds a major share as clinically accepted formulations. The major objective of the present investigation was to explore the silk industry waste protein, silk fibroin (SF) as a possible electrospun nanocarrier for the FDDS. In a nutshell, electrospinning (ES) is one of the flexible and astonishing strategies for the fabrication of porous electrospun nanofibers (NFs), which offers the potential to amend the floating profile, dissolution rate, solubility, and release patterns of the drug, etc as per compendial requirements. Looking at the prospects of floating SF-NFs preparation, we have isolated and lyophilized the SF from industrial waste cocoons and prepared drug-loaded SF single polymer nanofibers (SPN). Lafutidine (LF) being a good candidate for GRDDS selected as a model drug, which is an excellent proton pump inhibitor, mainly used in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Finally, the obtained LF loaded SF-NFs (LF-SF-NFs) were successfully analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, porosity, swelling index, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion strength, floating properties, enzymatic degradation, and accelerated stability study, etc. Further, these LF-SF-NFs were evaluated for percent drug content, weight variation, in-vitro dissolution in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH:1.2) and fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FSSGF), and accelerated stability study. It has shown significant floating time >18 h, about 99% ± 0.58% floating buoyancy with sustained release up to 24 h. LF-SF-NFs showed good compatibility, entrapment efficiency, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion strength, enzymatic degradation, and long term stability. Soon, the essential floating and drug release profiles can claim single polymer (SF) based electrospun protein NFs as a possible novel oral nanocarrier for FDDS.

Conventional immediate release dosage forms does not control the drug release which leads to low oral bioavailability and more toxic effects. This happens due to multiple dosing and fluctuations in the plasma drug concentrations. Retention of the dosage forms in a specific region of the GIT provides more benefits, for those drugs which have poor absorption in stomach, low solubility and degradation in alkaline pH. FDDS is one among the important system with gastric retention properties. Formulations designed as FDDS, controls the rate of drug release by prolonging the gastric retention for extended hours and improves the absorption as well as bioavailability. This article provides information on recent trends of research and development in FDDS with a special emphasis on its importance for oral controlled drug delivery system. This review article also provides information on category of drugs and different polymers used for FDDS.

Thepurpose of writing this review on gastro retentive drug delivery systems was tocompile the recent literature with special focus on floating drug deliverysystems (FDDS) to achieve gastric retention. FDDS are of particular interestfor drugs that are locally active and have narrow absorption window in stomachor upper small intestine, unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment,and exhibit low solubility at high pH value. It is known that differences ingastric physiology (such as, gastric pH, motility) exhibit both intra as wellas inter subject variability demonstrating significant impact on gastricretention time and drug delivery behaviour.Thus, gastroretention helps toincrease the gastric residence time and improve absorption of drugs with narrowabsorption window. Â The recentdevelopments of FDDS including the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspectsaffecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, advantages and limitations over the conventional drugdelivery systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are coveredin detail. This review also summarizes the studies to evaluate the performanceand application of floating systems, and applications of these systems. KeyWords: Floating matrix, gastrointestinal, gastro retentive, system, evaluation.

The floating drug delivery system is to avoid the problem of drug waste and to limit the frequency of administration. Here the drug Tramadol is being centrally acting opioid analgesic can be formulated as sustained release formulation by adopting the method gastroretentive drug delivery system through effervescent floating drug delivery system with different grades of polymer Hyperomellose. The Pharmacological activity on Mice by both Hot Plate and Tail Flick Methods also suggest that when the Tramadol Hcl increased with its dosage form shows significant Analgesic Activity in animals which shows a spontaneous dose dependent increase in Analgesic activity was found it shows that the dosage form deserve for designed method of gastroretentive drug delivery system.

A controlled drug delivery system with prolonged residence time in the stomach is of particular interest for drugs that i) are locally active in the stomach, ii) have an absorption window in the stomach or in the upper small intestine, iii) are unstable in the intestinal or colonic environment, or iv) exhibit low solubility at high pH values. This article gives an overview of the parameters affecting gastric emptying in humans as well as on the main concepts used to design pharmaceutical dosage forms with prolonged gastric residence times. In particular, bioadhesive, size-increasing and floating drug delivery systems are presented and their major advantages and shortcomings are discussed. Both single- and multiple-unit dosage forms are reviewed and, if available, results from in vivo trials are reported.

A controlled drug delivery system with prolonged residence time in the stomach can be of great practical importance for drugs with an absorption window in the upper small intestine. The main limitations are attributed to the inter- and intra-subject variability of gastro-intestinal (GI) transit time and the non-uniformity of drug absorption throughout the alimentary canal. Floating drug delivery systems (FDDSs) are expected to remain buoyant in a lasting way upon the gastric contents and consequently to enhance the bioavailability of drugs. The various buoyant preparations include hollow microspheres, granules, powders, tablets, capsules, pills and laminated films. Floating microspheres are specially gaining attention due to their wide applicability in the targeting of drugs to stomach. These floating microspheres have the advantage that they remain buoyant and distributed uniformly over the gastric fluid to avoid the vagaries of gastric emptying and release the drug for prolonged period of time. A major drawback of low-density floating drug delivery systems is that their performance is strongly dependent upon the gastric emptying process of stomach. Multiparticulate low-density particles can successfully prolong the gastric retention time of drugs. This article is a review of two important approaches utilized to prepare and improve the performance of floating microspheres.

This review highlights the roles of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) especially the phyto-complex for enhancing the safety, efficacy, and bioavailability of certain herbal drugs. Despite the world wide acceptance of herbal drugs it is quite evident that these drugs are still suffering with poor aqueous solubility, poor pharmaco-kinetics/slow pharmacological action, low absorption, bioavailability and lower dermal affinity. These drawbacks can be overcome with some of the recent advanced technologies like nano-particles, nanocapsules, liposomes, phyotosomes, nanoemulsions, ethosomes, pronisomes, floating drug delivery system and micro-emulsions. Phyto-complex is a patented technology that incorporates standardized plant extracts or water soluble phyto-constituents (flavanoids and terpenoids) into phospholipids to produce lipid compatible molecular complex. This technology was widely accepted by many pharmaceutical and cosmetic companies for enhancing the efficacy of their products. In this review 25 different herbal drugs with their active ingredients, their medicinal utility, major associated drawbacks and methods of producing improved herbal drug were discussed. Beside these various trademark products as well as practical efficacy of some phyto-complex formulated herbal drugs were also discussed.

Gastric floating drug delivery systems have been an avenue of considerable interest in terms of their immense potential for better pharmacotherapeutic interventions along with site-specific absorption. These buoyant systems significantly enhance the bioavailability and controlled delivery of several drug molecules. Scientific investigators have also carried out substantial research endeavours worldwide in order to design a more systematic and intellectual floating systems. The present manuscript is an attempt to highlight numerous recent advancements in the design of gastric floating drug delivery systems along with various available commercial preparations. Salient applications, characterization aspects and future perspectives of these multifarious systems have also been addressed.

Applications of Novel and Nanostructured Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Oral Cavity Diseases