A Selection Model on Risk Response Scheme for Complex Equipment Research and Manufacturing

Interventional radiology has seen rapid growth in cardiology and represents an alternative to hazardous surgery. Recently there has been a substantial growth in the number of procedures being performed and interventional cardiology (IC) procedures are the most common interventional procedures in Europe. Advances in imaging technology have facilitated the development of increasingly complex radiological IC equipment. Currently, the technology is developing at a rate ahead of supporting research, equipment standards and a regulatory framework. International standards play a key role in the design, manufacture and performance of radiological IC equipment. A survey of 12 IC systems (15 imaging chains) was conducted in Irish hospitals. The aim of the study was to assess the imbalance between rapidly advancing technology and existing standards and to propose recommendations for new IC equipment standards. The results demonstrate the need for definitive equipment requirements and standardisation in the design, manufacture, acceptance and maintenance of IC equipment.

Equipment of foreign manufacturers was widely used in the Russian industry in the recent past. At the same time technical support for the operation of such complex equipment is currently significantly hampered or non-existent under the pressure of sanctions and system restrictions imposed on Russia. The Novovoronezh NPP staff is confronting successfully such challenges by developing technical solutions that enable the continued efficient operation of imported equipment under the new reality. One of the many examples of the efforts of the Novovoronezh NPP staff to ensure Russia's economic safety and technological sovereignty is given in this article. During operation of power units with VVER-1200 reactors, failures in operation of turbine unit rotor hydraulic lift pumps of Allweiler GmbH (Germany) were identified. As part of the programme of import substitution and improvement of equipment reliability on the basis of available documentation and comparative analysis of operation modes of turbine unit rotor hydraulic lift pumps pumps at Novovoronezh and Leningrad NPPs, the technology of turbine unit rotor hydraulic lift pumps repair with modernisation of internals by means of installation of bronze bushing and observance of precise clearances of pump internals is developed. Improved circuit solutions for the system of hydrostatic lifting of rotors are proposed which exclude damage to the turbine unit rotor hydraulic lift pumps during operation of the power unit at capacity and during scheduled preventive maintenance. The modernisation of equipment manufactured in Germany and its successful operation at Novovoronezh NPP is a vivid example of a scientifically sound technical response to the sanctions pressure of foreign countries and can be extended to other Russian enterprises as a positive practice.

Discusses the need for more effective instruments to handle increasingly complex microprocessor-based data-processing equipment in the field. Manufacturers of equipment are under constant pressure to offer more serviceable products, because higher service costs are taking bigger bites out of profit margins for both manufacturers and users. As a result, instrument makers are churning out an array of such gear, using a variety of different techniques for troubleshooting.

High-end manufacturing sectors such as aerospace, marine vessels, rail transportation, energy power, and information electronics impose extremely demanding requirements on manufacturing technologies, and face challenges including multi-variety production, small batch sizes, high reliability, high consistency, and complex manufacturing processes. Meanwhile, production anomalies occur throughout the entire manufacturing flow, and traditional anomaly management methods—plagued by data fragmentation, delayed feedback, and inflexible scheduling—are increasingly inadequate to meet the practical needs of high-end equipment manufacturing. To address this bottleneck, a framework of digital-intelligent anomaly control in the design and manufacturing of high-end equipment is proposed. This framework establishes a key technological system for a collaborative closed loop of “design-scheduling-control” tailored to complex manufacturing requirements, which includes: a large language model(LLM)-driven design approach; a knowledge- and data-fusion driven proactive-reactive scheduling method for smart workshops; and a cloud-edge-device collaborative digital twin control method. By reshaping conventional anomaly management processes through digital-intelligent technologies, this model effectively supports flexible production and high-precision control in multi-variety, small-batch manufacturing scenarios, thereby enhancing the batch production capability of complex products.

We implement dual-volume centrifugal step emulsification on a single chip to extend the dynamic range of digital assays. Compared to published single-volume approaches, the range between the lower detection limit (LDL) and the upper limit of quantification (ULQ) increases by two orders of magnitude. In comparison to existing multivolume approaches, the dual-volume centrifugal step emulsification requires neither complex manufacturing nor specialized equipment. Sample metering into two subvolumes, droplet generation, and alignment of the droplets in two separate monolayers are performed automatically by microfluidic design. Digital quantification is demonstrated by exemplary droplet digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (ddLAMP). Within 5 min, the reaction mix is split into subvolumes of 10.5 and 2.5 μL, and 2,5k and 176k droplets are generated with diameters of 31.6 ± 1.4 and 213.9 ± 7.5 μm, respectively. After 30 min of incubation, quantification over 5 log steps is demonstrated with a linearity of R2 ≥ 0.992.

With the rapid development of equipment software and hardware technology, the traditional research and development mode of information systems can no longer meet the needs of rapid change of business applications, and traditional computing facilities and software architectures have also seriously limited the expansion of combat capabilities. Therefore, the top-level system planning of the information system is insufficient, resulting in the inherent defects of the information system in cross-generation development, interconnection, research and development costs, etc., and due to the rapid development of demand and technology, the existing research and development model can no longer meet the needs of equipment use. Therefore, according to the US military information system and the Internet software research and development model, this paper proposes an open and iterative new model for the construction of complex information system equipment, solves systemic problems and on-demand problems, and forms the overall technical framework of complex information system equipment system

The article considers the intelligent system of control and technical diagnostics of complex technological equipment and flexible production systems developed by the authors. The provision of automatic selection of important parameters from the entire set of input and output parameters is due to the additional training of the neural network in the process and perhaps by increasing-decreasing the number of active neurons that do not lead to deterioration in the quality of technical diagnostics, but also due to the choice of excess neurons and their activation by retraining or failure of the neurons of the network. Diagnostic systems may include sensors, a computer system, and diagnostic signal display devices. The computational part of the system can contain modules implemented with the possibility of intelligent analysis and containing a dynamic model that is implemented on a trained neural network, and a module implemented with the possibility of additional training of the neural network and the selection of active and redundant neurons.

There is a shortage of medicines and vaccines on a global scale in the world today. Yet, ensuring a continuous supply of high-quality, safe, effective and affordable medicines is a fundamental component of a good health system, and shortages in medication supply can jeopardize equal access for all to enjoy the highest possible standard of health. The production of drugs and vaccines is a complex journey within a highly regulated industry, and changes or incidents anywhere along the production pathway may affect production capacity and supply chains down the line. The production of vaccines of consistently high quality requires specialized equipment, long and complex manufacturing cycles, in an increasingly regulated environment that meets stringent quality standards that may differ between countries. In view of this lengthy and complex process, it can be difficult to establish exact inventories of vaccine stocks, thus making it hard to anticipate potential shortages. In addition, in times of increased demand for vaccines, manufacturing and supply pathways may not be able to keep pace with the sudden spike in demand. The pharmaceutical industry is making a concerted effort to improve vaccine availability, in concertation with other major stakeholders, such as governments, wholesalers, regulators and the pharmacy profession. A platform for open and continuous dialogue between public health institutions and industry is warranted to discuss strategies for decreasing the complexity of vaccine production and release, as well as reducing the regulatory burden. All stakeholders must seek common solutions for improved vaccine supply, have better anticipation of vaccine needs, encourage innovation and ultimately improve vaccine availability.

One of the key problems restricting the development and application of flexible piezoelectric sensors is the lack of efficient, simple, and low-cost manufacturing processes and equipment. The resulting devices also have certain limitations in material selection and performance that cannot be overcome. Herein, we innovatively propose to combine the traditional extrusion additive manufacturing and electrospinning process to realize the “one-step” preparation of the functional layer, electrode layer, and packaging layer of the flexible piezoelectric sensor. The obtained sensor has the characteristics of softness, breathability, and waterproofness. Specifically, the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composite nanofiber mats by electrospinning were packaging layers. Under the support of electrospinning self-encapsulation, TPU/PDMS mats give the piezoelectric sensor outstanding waterproofness and air permeability. Compared with the traditional preparation methods, this method not only avoids the complexity of multistep manufacturing and manual assembly, facilitating automation processing and mass production, but also endows the sensor with good linearity, high sensitivity (1.7 V/N), fast response time (18 ms), excellent air permeability (400 g/m2/day), and outstanding waterproofness. This method provides a method and idea for the manufacture of comfortable, breathable, and waterproof wearable devices.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As spaceflight hardware becomes increasingly complex, ever greater demands are placed on astronauts’ training capacity. In addition, astronauts are being asked to conduct unplanned operations with minimal or no training, and long duration operations preclude the ability to thoroughly train before flight on many operations. This trend will be more pronounced as we approach remote operations on the moon and Mars in the Exploration era. In response, Orbital Technologies Corporation has developed an interactive and collaborative 3D simulation training solution for payloads and International Space Station systems. This portable web-based training system provides flexible, efficient and effective pre-flight, real-time and operational training support. Unlike virtual reality systems, this next generation simulation can also be used for remote or just-in-time procedural training between ground-based experts and astronauts in space due to its low file size and collaboration capability. Although this technique will not totally replace all hands-on training hardware, millions of dollars can be saved in time, travel, and support equipment while advancing the level of training effectiveness.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Training capabilities to support remote, complex equipment are also found in many highly competitive commercial markets. Companies that produce equipment with sophisticated technical maintenance procedures often cannot afford the cost of hands-on training with expensive production equipment. Remote field service networks also require companies to provide effective portable training and information. The military, heavy equipment manufacturers, automotive OEMs, aeronautical companies and consumer service centers are optimal targets for adapting specialized immersive simulator training or in-field maintenance aids to a PC-based or portable 3D interactive solution. This technology also offers these markets the ability to include parts identification and links to knowledge databases or ordering systems that expand a training tool into a complete service solution.</div>

Faced with the increasingly fierce market competition, manufacturing needs to shorten the product development cycle, and Additive Manufacturing will be widely applied as it can greatly shorten the product development cycle. After years of development, Additive Manufacturing will face a good market prospect as the manufacturing equipment, materials and process have become more and more mature. However, modeling technology is always the bottleneck problem of the product development process, as it occupies most time of the product development. The aim of the paper is to illustrate how to improve the efficiency of modeling for additive manufacturing. As the the application conditions of Additive Manufacturing continues to be mature , rapid modeling technologies will be discussed in the paper, including hierarchical modeling ,standardized modeling and parametric modeling technology, which will lay the foundation for rapid modeling of product development. The method of comparative test verification is adopted in the paper, and the results show that rapid modeling technologies discussed in the paper can fully improve the efficiency of modeling for Additive Manufacturing.

Purpose: This community service project aims to improve the productivity and sustainability of cassava cracker small industries by introducing appropriate technology for processing cassava pulp wastewater into nata de cassava. The program addresses key challenges faced by producers, including inefficient processing methods and the absence of effective waste management practices that contribute to environmental pollution. Design Methodology Approach: The program was implemented through a participatory approach consisting of field observation, group discussions, technology socialization, and hands on training. Appropriate production equipment, including a cassava grating machine and a hydraulic press, was introduced. In addition, technical training was provided on liquid waste processing through a fermentation method using Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast to produce nata de cassava. Findings: The results indicate an improvement in partners’ knowledge and technical skills related to waste utilization and production efficiency. The introduction of new equipment enhanced the effectiveness of cassava processing, while nata de cassava production training enabled the transformation of liquid waste into an alternative product with economic value. Practical Implications: The implementation of simple and appropriate technology supports cleaner production processes, reduces environmental impact, and creates new income opportunities for small scale cassava based industries. The approach demonstrates practical solutions for improving business resilience and sustainability. Originality Value: This project integrates circular economy principles through waste to product innovation within community based enterprises. It offers a replicable model for sustainable rural industry development by combining technological assistance, capacity building, and environmental responsibility.

Evaluation and Selection of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (AMT) is a complex problem involving multiple attributes difficult to consider in their entirety. The Axiomatic Design Theory have been used successfully to solve this problem. This chapter presents a literature review for applications of Axiomatic Design Theory in decision making and develops an Ergonomic Compatibility Evaluation Perspective case study for the selection of two vertical CNC machining centers. A new Hierarchical Fuzzy Axiomatic Design methodology was used as a decision aid for evaluation of technology in a more complete manner, while considering human factors and ergonomics aspects neglected in actual AMT evaluation and selection models. Methodology for the data analysis is described. A group of three experts was conformed for the case study. 26 articles were organized in a data matrix. The alternative which best meet established Design Ranges in terms of Ergonomic Compatibility was selected among two alternatives, according to the Ergonomic Incompatibility Content (EIC) in a fuzzy environment.

The anaesthetic standards committees of the ISO are dominated by representatives from equipment manufacturers. The standards produced are such that their main effect is to drive sales of complex equipment in rich countries. Most of the committee members are ignorant of the needs and specifications required by developing countries. Developing countries are not represented, their needs are ignored, and most new equipment meeting ISO standard fails to perform in the harsher environment where technical infrastructure is lacking. (5 pages)

Nowadays, the worldwide production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) is consequently increasing, reducing both resources and landfills. In this manuscript, we investigate the significance of the factors that comprise the environmental sustainability strategies (environmental legislation and green image) and the operational features of the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) (chain's features, products' features and economic parameters), their interactions and the type of their impact on the environmental (availability of natural resources and landfill availability) and economical sustainability of a WEEE CLSC. We use an extension of a System Dynamics-based model of a CLSC with recycling activities introduced by Georgiadis and Besiou [J Clean Prod 16(15):1665–1678, 2008]. The developed model is validated using data from a real-world CLSC of EEE in Greece. Extended numerical investigation provides insights to the managers of the WEEE CLSC and the legislators with regard to the actions which can lead to sustainability.