A semidefinite hierarchy for the expected independence number of a random graph

On independent random points U1,· ··,Un distributed uniformly on [0, 1]d, a random graph Gn(x) is constructed in which two distinct such points are joined by an edge if the l∞-distance between them is at most some prescribed value 0 ≦ x ≦ 1. Almost-sure asymptotic rates of convergence/divergence are obtained for the maximum vertex degree of the random graph and related quantities, including the clique number, chromatic number and independence number, as the number n of points becomes large and the edge distance x is allowed to vary with n. Series and sequence criteria on edge distances {xn} are provided which guarantee the random graph to be empty of edges, a.s.

In this paper we introduce new models of random graphs, arising from Latin squares which include random Cayley graphs as a special case. We investigate some properties of these graphs including their clique, independence and chromatic numbers, their expansion properties as well as their connectivity and Hamiltonicity. The results obtained are compared with other models of random graphs and several similarities and differences are pointed out. For many properties our results for the general case are as strong as the known results for random Cayley graphs and sometimes improve the previously best results for the Cayley case. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2011

We show that the independence number of $ G_{n,p}$ is concentrated on two values if $ n^{-2/3+ \epsilon } < p \le 1$ . This result is roughly best possible as an argument of Sah and Sawhney shows that the independence number is not, in general, concentrated on two values for $ p = o ( (\log (n)/n)^{2/3} )$ . The extent of concentration of the independence number of $ G_{n,p}$ for $ \omega (1/n) < p \le n^{-2/3}$ remains an interesting open question.

A note on the chromatic number of a dense random graph

The H-free process, for some fixed graph H, is the random graph process defined by starting with an empty graph on n vertices and then adding edges one at a time, chosen uniformly at random subject to the constraint that no H subgraph is formed. Let G be the random maximal H-free graph obtained at the end of the process. When H is strictly 2-balanced, we show that for some c>0, with high probability as n→∞, the minimum degree in G is at least \(cn^{1-(v_{H}-2)/(e_{H}-1)}(\log n)^{1/(e_{H}-1)}\). This gives new lower bounds for the Turán numbers of certain bipartite graphs, such as the complete bipartite graphs K r,r with r≥5. When H is a complete graph K s with s≥5 we show that for some C>0, with high probability the independence number of G is at most \(Cn^{2/(s+1)}(\log n)^{1-1/(e_{H}-1)}\). This gives new lower bounds for Ramsey numbers R(s,t) for fixed s≥5 and t large. We also obtain new bounds for the independence number of G for other graphs H, including the case when H is a cycle. Our proofs use the differential equations method for random graph processes to analyse the evolution of the process, and give further information about the structure of the graphs obtained, including asymptotic formulae for a broad class of subgraph extension variables.

We determine the asymptotics of the independence number of the random $d$-regular graph for all $d \ge d_0$. It is highly concentrated, with constant-order fluctuations around $n\alpha_* - c_*\log n$ for explicit constants $\alpha_*(d)$ and $c_*(d)$. Our proof rigorously confirms the one-step replica symmetry breaking heuristics for this problem, and we believe the techniques will be more broadly applicable to the study of other combinatorial properties of random graphs.

Let k be the asymptotic value of the independence number of the random graph G(n, p). We prove that if the edge probability p(n) satisfies p(n) ≫ n−2/5ln6/5n then the probability that G(n, p) does not contain an independent set of size k − c, for some absolute constant c > 0, is at most exp{−cn2/(k4p)}. We also show that the obtained exponent is tight up to logarithmic factors, and apply our result to obtain new bounds on the choice number of random graphs. We also discuss a general setting where our approach can be applied to provide an exponential bound on the probability of certain events in product probability spaces. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 22: 1–14, 2003

In this note, we show that 2-tuple dominating independent number of the Erd\H{o}s--R\'{e}nyi graph $G\left(n,p\right) $ a.a.s.~has a two-point concentration when $p$ is a constant.