A Smart Temperature and Humidity Controller for Tobacco Bulk Curing Barn

The quality of tobacco baking is one of the important factors affecting the economic benefits of tobacco enterprises. Because of the low efficiency of traditional manual baking methods and the poor quality of tobacco, the economic benefits of tobacco enterprises and tobacco farmers are also greatly affected. In view of this, this research takes the temperature and humidity control as the research object, and proposes an agricultural intelligent tobacco house temperature and humidity controller based on STM32. Firstly, the general design scheme, hardware circuit design scheme and software design scheme of the control system are described, in which the human-machine interface circuit design of the hardware circuit design is emphatically analysed, and finally, the design of this research is applied The agricultural intelligent temperature and humidity controller measures the temperature and humidity of the flue-cured tobacco house, and verifies the control effect. The results show that the temperature control accuracy based on STM32 is significantly higher than that of traditional control method, which is conducive to the improvement of tobacco baking quality. It is hoped that this study can provide a significant reference for the research of temperature and humidity control in tobacco industry in China.

The fuzzy control technology is applied in the field of temperature and humidity control, which can realize the intelligent control of temperature and humidity. A temperature and humidity fuzzy controller is designed based on CAN bus. So that temperature and humidity can be realtime monitoring and controlled. The principles method and the hardware circuit of this fuzzy control are described. Simulation studies on the fuzzy controller were carried out. The simulation results show that the fuzzy controller has the features of quick response, small overshoot, accurate action and steady process. The control of temperate and humidity is very well.

Terrestrial carbon cycle plays a key role in driving climate change and ecosystem carbon balance. Understanding the variations of humidity and temperature and CO2 exchanges are meaningful to reveal the law and mechanism of regional carbon cycles in deserts. We examined the near surface humidity, temperature variations, and CO2 exchanges by eddy covariance and Bowen ratio systems in a typical mobile dune of Horqin sandy land. We analyzed the relationships between water-heat and CO2 exchanges of 0 to 10 m vertical height at daily and seasonal scales were analyzed. The results showed that the vertical variations of near surface temperature ranged from 0.4 ℃ to 2 ℃ and decreased with the increases of height from April to September, but with an opposite pattern in other months. The seasonal variation of air relative humidity was greater than 40%. During the growing season of 2018, the averaged daily net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) was -0.02 mg·m-2·s-1. The annual averaged daily NEE was 0.003 mg·m-2·s-1, indicating that the mobile dunes were carbon sources at the whole year scale. The vertical differences of temperature and humidity well fitted the NEE. The inflexion points of the fitting curve were at 10% humidity and 0.5 ℃ temperature, respectively. At the scalem of the year, the NEE fitting result of temperature was better than that of humidity, with the inflexion points at 17 ℃ and 65% humidity, respectively. In the growing season, the near surface vertical temperature difference was negative, which would inhibit CO2 absorption of mobile dunes. The circumstances of high humidity would promote the absorption of atmospheric CO2. Across different time and vertical height, the variations of humidity and temperature were closely related to CO2 exchanges, which affected carbon sink and source of mobile dunes. Carbon budget was more sensitive to temperature than humidity.

Fuzzy logic control based on the Takagi–Sugeno inference method has been applied for the yeast alcoholic fermentation running in a continuous-time biochemical reactor in this paper. A type-1 fuzzy PID controller was designed to temperature control in a biochemical reactor. The fuzzy PID controller was also designed using type-2 fuzzy sets. The advantage of the fuzzy control is that it can be used very successfully for control of strongly non-linear processes and processes that are difficult to model because of complicated reaction kinetics. Obtained simulation results confirm this fact. The disadvantage of the fuzzy control design lies in the time-consuming tuning of controllers. The subtractive clustering method was used to identify the rule base. This approach was chosen to minimize the number of rules of the designed fuzzy logic controllers and to simplify the fuzzy controller design. Simulation results confirm that fuzzy PID controllers can assure better performance than conventional PID controllers. Yeast alcoholic fermentation is an exothermic process and the cooling is necessary to maintain the optimal temperature in the reactor. Fuzzy PID control reduces coolant consumption in comparison with conventional PID control and so it assures energy-efficient control of continuous-time alcoholic fermentation. Using type-2 fuzzy sets in the fuzzy PID controller design is very promising as the type-2 fuzzy controller offers even better results than the type-1 fuzzy controller.

This paper studies an embedded monitoring system centered on ZigBee technology to realize real-time temperature and humidity monitoring, and to ensure low power consumption, high reliability, low cost, and collection of environmental information. The communication is designed using the star topology, and the whole network structure is composed of a master node and three sensor receiving nodes to realize the unlimited transmission of network data. The main control point is to determine the coordination of the scope of the ZigBee network configuration system. The ZigBee network can communicate with the host through the data port to realize the acceptance of temperature and humidity data and the sending of commands. Based on this research, this paper determines the impact of non-target parameters on the actual measurement data of the multipoint temperature and humidity sensor, and at the same time determines the key influencing factors. For HMP-45D multipoint temperature and humidity, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) combined with a support vector machine (SVM) is used to compensate humidity and temperature data, which is designed to affect the actual measurement error of the multipoint temperature and humidity sensor. This paper studies the silver forging process, compares the environmental factors of silver carving, further puts forward the control strategy of Hagoun product forging and carving environment control from the perspective of temperature and humidity, and designs the environmental temperature and humidity measurement and control system from the perspective of temperature and humidity control. The system design proposed in this paper is mainly to construct and apply the silverware forging and engraving environment temperature and humidity measurement and control system on the basis of integration and maintenance-free and verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the system in the protection of cultural relics.

On typical medium voltage feeder, Load side management means power energy consumption controlling at connected loads. Each load has various amount of reaction to essential parameters variation that collection of these reactions is mentioned feeder behavior to each parameter variation. Temperature, humidity, and energy pricing variation or major event happening and power utility announcing to the customers are essential parameters that are considered at recent researches. Depends on amount of improvement that each changeable parameters effect on feeder load consumption, financial assets could be managed correctly to gain proper load side management. Collecting feeder loads behavior to all mentioned parameters will gain Load Manageability Factor (LMF) that helps power utilities to manage load side consumption. Calculating this factor needs to find out each types of load with unique inherent features behavior to each parameters variation. This paper and future works will help us to catch mentioned LMF. In this paper analysis of typical commercial feeder behavior due to temperature and humidity variation with training artificial neural network will be done. Load behavior due to other essential parameters variations like energy pricing variation, major event happening, and power utility announcing to the customers, and etc will study in future works

In order to derive the efficient utilization of low pressure compressed air fogging system, cooling efficiencies with control types were analyzed through cooling experiments in tomato greenhouses. The control types were set up with temperature control, humidity control, temperature and humidity control, and time control. It showed that the cooling effects were 0.7 to <TEX>$3.3^{\circ}C$</TEX> on average and maximum of 4.3 to <TEX>$7.0^{\circ}C$</TEX>, the humidification effects were 3.5 to 13.5 % on average and maximum of 14.3 to 24.4 %. Both the cooling and humidification effect were the highest in the time control method. The cooling efficiency of the air fogging system was not high with 8.3 to 27.3 % on average. However, the cooling efficiency of 24.6 to 27.3 % which appears from the time control is similar to the cooling efficiency of high pressure fogging system experimented in Japan. The air fogging system is operated by low pressure, but its efficiency is similar to high pressure. We think because it uses compressed air. From this point of view, we suggest that the air fogging system can get the cooling efficiency of similar levels to that of high pressure fogging system and it will have an advantage from clogging problem of nozzle etc.

EDITORIAL

Although several new solutions for greenhouse heating and environmental control are being investigated all over the world; to reduce energy consumption and environmental impacts, to increase the efficiency of energy use for plant production in protected cultivation or to take advantage of the new renewable energy sources, in Portugal the great majority of producers still rely on more conventional heating systems for an economical year round production of vegetables and flowers.The objective of this work is to review some guidelines to help the grower when choosing the best heating solutions for different crops and cultivation systems.First, the level of heating required is defined and the correspondent heating power is analysed.Secondly, the main heating systems are mentioned including their components, characteristics, effects on greenhouse climate, soil and plant temperature.Relative costs of equipment and energy consumption are analyzed and some examples of practical solutions are presented from vegetable and flower production growers.Finally, several strategies to reduce the energy required for greenhouse heating are given and studied, including greenhouse structures, covering materials, thermal screens, air temperature and humidity control.

This paper presents a comparison of resistive and capacitive sensors with a sandwiched dielectric material as a sensing layer. The paper focuses on a fabrication process along with two different techniques for characterization of sensors aimed for vapour phase explosive detection. The proposed sensors feature a special coating of TiO 2 (B) nano-particles in between two electrodes of Metal-Insulator-Silicon (MIS) structure which leads to a selective reaction with the target molecules. A comparison between two signal detection approaches namely, a) change in resistance and b) change in capacitance with the same sensor structure, is carried out on the basis of temperature and humidity variations in the atmosphere. It is shown that the capacitive measurements are more robust to temperature and humidity changes over resistive measurements. Although the change in the resistance due to explosives' exposure is 50%, the base resistance (R) of the structure reduces drastically with 7.5% variation at higher temperatures. This makes the resistive measurements highly prone to false positives. On the other hand, the base capacitance remains almost constant with 0.2% variation during temperature variation with 2.5% change in capacitance on exposure to explosives.

Aiming at the nonlinear and coupling phenomena of temperature and humidity changes appearing in the course of tea fixation, this paper introduces the fuzzy control technology in the process of making tea. STM32F107 microcontroller is as the core of the whole system and the multi-point detection system is used in real-time collection of two parameters of temperature and humidity . In addition, data transmission is realized between PC and I2C, SPI bus. The control rules and parameters of controller are formulated and the temperature and humidity of tea fixation multi-parameter control are realized. Fuzzy decoupling control is adopted to meet the process requirement of temperature and humidity change in process. It improves the precision of temperature and humidity control and the quality of tea.

Specific variations of air temperature and relative humidity around the time of Michoacan earthquake M8.1 Sept. 19, 1985 as a possible indicator of interaction between tectonic plates

In industrial production, temperature and humidity are common main manipulated parameters, especially in heat treatment industry, the temperature control is becoming more and more important. This paper from two aspects that hardware and software introduced single-chip microcomputer (SCM) C8051F intelligent temperature and humidity control system, and described schematic diagram of hardware and software. The design adds the integration of carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity detection and necessary communication function. It is a more humanized and more practical intelligent temperature and humidity measurement and control system.

Due to the requirements of production process, the production area of cigarette factory is generally equipped with large process air conditioner to realize high-precision constant temperature and humidity control. Under the typical software and hardware configuration and classical PID control algorithm, the coupling phenomenon of temperature and humidity exists in humidification condition and cooling and dehumidification condition, resulting in the deterioration of the dynamic response performance of the system. In this paper, the decoupling controller of each link is designed, and a split compensation algorithm is further proposed to eliminate the adverse effects caused by coupling. Matlab simulation results show that the design can greatly improve the dynamic response performance of temperature and humidity control.

In this study, the heat effectiveness and energy efficiency of the clove drying machine with control of temperature and relative air humidity were analysed. The data were carried out experimentally on a clove dryer machine that has 3 racks with staggered arrangement by varying the speed of the air flow into the drying chamber. The hot air produced from a heater and blown to the drying chamber used a fan with 3 various speed rate (1.9 m/s, 2.3 m/s, 2.8 m/s). The heat distribution on each rack was observed and analysed and compared with the energy requirements of the machine. The result showed that the heat flow on the rack evenly distributed. The fluid flow variation has the important effect. The heat will more effective with the lower air flow speed, which the higher heat transfer (q) to the clove from the heater depend on the air flow speed with the higher value 72.78 watt at the lowest positions rack with hot air speed 2.8 m/s. The energy efficiency of the machine was about 37 percent, with the highest value 39.27 percent at the air speed 2.3 m/s.