A Survey on Internet of Things (IoT) based Smart Systems

As a major agricultural province in China, Shandong Province has always played an important role. At the same time, it is also closely related to the strong support of science and technology. As a new technology, the Internet of things (IoT) has made positive contributions. Agricultural IoT is a mode that uses information technology, wireless communication technology and radio frequency automatic identification technology to share the identified agricultural information to the network. The application of agricultural IoT is a major change in agricultural development, which provides convenient conditions for the development of agriculture, provides a favorable environment for the agricultural products, promotes the transformation of agricultural technology, realizes the informatization of agricultural production, improves the efficiency of rural land, integrates agricultural resources and provides a foundation for food safety. In this paper, the application of IoT in the field of agriculture in Shandong Province is described from two practical cases. One is about how to use wireless sensor network technology to transmit data in the big data platform based on the Bohai granary project. The other describes how to use IoT for food quality and safety traceability. It takes pigs as the research object, runs through all links of the whole industrial chain of pig breeding, breeding, slaughtering, processing, logistics and sales, collects the data of the whole industrial chain with the help of IoT, and realizes the information tracking and traceability of the whole industrial chain. At the end of the paper, it discusses the countermeasures.

Nature is the most important part of creating this world. All the living things either humans or animals or decomposers, all are dependent on this nature. With the positive side of this nature some time we also experience the worst face of this nature with some disastrous natural phenomena. Of those phenomena one of the most threatening is Landslide. Every year due to small or large landslide events death troll reaches in thousands on average. Behind this disastrous event to happen, rainfall has a very crucial part with some other causes like earthquakes, floods, forest-fire, mining, etc. In recent days with technological development researchers can predict or identify those natural calamities before their occurrence and try to avoid the losses. In this process, many technologies were used by the developers and till now the R & D is going on with the latest technologies. And from those technologies, the latest and most adaptable is the IoT(Internet of Things). With the help of IoT, we can get information about those would be disasters well before they happen. IoT can connect nature with human beings. In this paper, we have designed a Landslide early warning and detection system using multiple sensor arrays in the IoT stack. With which we can get the landslide related information a bit earlier and can avoid the fatalities.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has the power to change our world. Agriculture is the backbone of the India. Development of IoT application is a must, for solving problems that are faced by farmers in the field of agriculture. Lack of proper information and communication leads to the loss in production. In the proposed system, we have automated the drip irrigation technology with the help of IoT and optimizing the usage of water level. In this paper, we are providing most secured MQTT protocol at the database level (Mongodb) and application level with the encryption technic for data security.

Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving as the future of smart world. With the focus to provide smart and seamless facility to user, IoT developers are trying to provide good security as well. Machine-to-machine communication is making possibility for smart city with the help of IoT. From home automation to smart robots all are directly or indirectly built with IoT. In this chapter, we are going to focus over the platforms, operating systems, security and applications of IoT. We will also deal with the increasing industrial use cases of IoT. Industry 4.0 brings our technologies in industry into the next level. The last development in manufacturing technologies was taking physical data and digitalizing it. Now we are using different automation technologies such as AI, intelligent systems, and analytics. In the invention of IIoT, there is a direct jump to the smart manufacturing technologies with ability to improve operational process, boost production, greater efficiency, and take new service advantages.

This project presents the design and implementation of a smart home energy management system using internet of things (IoT) technology to optimize household energy consumption. The system integrates various sensors, including passive infrared (PIR), light dependent resistor (LDR), and DHT11, to collect real-time environmental data, which is processed by a NodeMCU microcontroller. The microcontroller controls home appliances using relays, while the Blynk mobile app and Streamlit web platform provide users with remote monitoring and control capabilities. Despite successfully optimizing energy usage, the system faces limitations such as high sensor sensitivity and potential hazards during high-load power demonstrations. To address these issues, future work proposes integrating additional sensors for improved accuracy and incorporating renewable energy sources for increased sustainability. This project aims to enhance energy efficiency, provide users with greater control over their energy consumption, and contribute to smart home automation by utilizing real-time data, IoT integration, and user-friendly interfaces.

The Internet of things (IoT) is a next generation of Internet connected embedded ICT systems in a digital environment to seamlessly integrate supply chain and logistics processes. Integrating emerging IoT into the current ICT systems can be unique because of its intelligence, autonomous and pervasive applications. However, research on the IoT adoption in supply chain domain is scarce and acceptance of the IoT into the retail services in specific has been overly rhetoric. This study is drawn upon the organisational capability theory for developing an empirical model considering the effect of IoT capabilities on multiple dimensions of supply chain process integration, and in turn improves supply chain performance as well as organisational performance. Cross-sectional survey data from 227 Australian retail firms was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results indicate that IoT capability has a positive and significant effect on internal, customer-, and supplier-related process integration that in turn positively affects supply chain performance and organisational performance. Theoretically, the study contributes to a body of knowledge that integrates information systems research into supply chain integration by establishing an empirical evidence of how IoT-enabled process integration can enhance the performance at both supply chain and organisational level. Practically, the results inform the managers of the likely investment on IoT that can lead to chain’s performance outcome.

Recent research efforts have created rapid advances in the field of the Internet of Things (IoT) in terms of communication protocols, sensing technologies, computing capabilities, next-generation wireless technologies, big data and AI techniques, and on-device, edge, cloud processing. These advances created a paradigm shift and generated a wide range of potential opportunities for a new major field known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), as well as subfields like mobile Health (mHeatlh) and digital or electronic Health (eHealth). This paper provides an overview of the Internet of Medical Things and presents a classification to define the primary users and their roles and involvement in smart healthcare systems. The paper then presents taxonomy on the deployment scales of different healthcare environments, from personal healthcare to widescale connected healthcare systems. The overview also discusses the n-tier architecture of IoMT, then presents a set of taxonomies and classifications on the different medical devices used in healthcare systems as well as non-medical devices used to provide context-aware information about the surrounding environment. The paper then concludes the overview by presenting the different healthcare-related applications and services, a comparison between traditional and smart healthcare systems, and the different obstacles and challenges in the field of IoMT to guide the development of new services and devices. Many survey papers in the literature focused on similar points; however, up to our knowledge, this is the first paper to present taxonomies and classifications for these IoMT essential topics. The presented taxonomies and classifications provide the manufacturers of medical devices and the developers of healthcare services a deeper understanding of the healthcare systems’ landscape to address different requirements and demands.

The study analyzes the participation of technologies related to the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) network concept in the intermodal container transportation system. Since the beginning of the XXI century, IoT-related technologies have been dynamically spreading in almost all areas of international business, and this has changed the understanding of cargo owners about the quality of transportation services, among other things. Since transparency in monitoring the location of high-value goods is extremely important for transport companies, cargo owners, and all other stakeholders, and the intermodal transportation system is extremely complex due to the number and diversity of communications, the need to use IoT is obvious. As analysts predict that the introduction of IoT technologies in containerization will become widespread in the coming years, a study to assess the level of research on the introduction of such technologies and implementation in the practical activities of transport enterprises is relevant. The aim of the proposed review is to determine the degree of IoT implementation in the container transportation industry, areas of research on the topic, and identify factors that may impede the predicted rapid development of IoT in containerization. The proposed study includes an analysis of scientific publications related to the use of the Internet of Things in the field of international container transportation, identifies the main priority areas of such publications, establishes the areas of current implementation of IoT technology and determines the prospects for its use. Since the solutions that can potentially be obtained with the help of IoT are quite heterogeneous, the literature analysis is organized by grouping such publications into the following areas: container monitoring and tracking, enhancing supply chain transparency and visibility, optimization of operational efficiency, security and risk management, environmental impact and sustainability, challenges and barriers. The paper provides examples of online platforms and applications currently offered by major container operators that are related to this technology.

Businesses in emerging economies like Pakistan need to improve their supply chains to stay competitive in a world market that has become more globalized. One of the most challenging aspects to master is Supply Chain Integration (SCI). The term means that customers and suppliers have to work together. Using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in the supply chain could improve its visibility, efficiency, and adaptability. These improvements would lead to better performance in the supply chain and the organization as a whole.This research looks at how the Internet of Things (IoT) affects operations in the supply chain, focusing on how it changes different parts of its performance and integration in Pakistan. The study looks into how IoT affects the visibility, efficiency, flexibility, and resources of the supply chain, as well as how these things affect its output and performance. This study looks at how Customer Integration and Supplier Integration affect the relationship between IoT adoption and Supply Chain Performance, as well as how it affects Organizational Performance as a whole.The study uses survey data from Pakistani companies that have implemented IoT-based solutions in their supply chains. The study then employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine the connections between the various constructs. The findings show that using IoT greatly enhances Supply Chain Integration, leading to greater visibility, efficiency, and flexibility, all of which have a positive effect on Supply Chain Performance. Customer Integration and Supplier Integration also play a role in the connection between IoT and Supply Chain Performance. Improving the supply chain directly improves the performance of the organization.Pakistani businesses that want to use IoT to make their supply chains more efficient can learn a lot from this study, both in terms of theory and practice. This study explains the main things that affect the performance of supply chains. This paper helps us understand how the Internet of Things can be used to improve supply chains and help businesses succeed in emerging economies.

Application of cognitive Internet of Medical Things for COVID-19 pandemic

With the requirement for new and effective procedures to improve crop cultivation, blending of modern technology, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), and ancient agricultural methods holds greater relevance. In the following study, the feasibility and importance of implementing an IoT-based smart crop cultivation and monitoring system are discussed. The smart agricultural technology will provide control, anti-toxic, and an optimum level of environment to yield crops in any remote or short on resources areas across the globe and beyond. The smart agricultural system enables professionals to manage, monitor, and analyze crop yields remotely with the help of an integrated mobile application. With limitations in natural resources and time, crop cultivation needs to be robust but safe and technologically empowered through smart agricultural systems such as the one we are presenting. The research work aims to mitigate the carbon footprint associated with conventional agriculture, add more precision to the crop yield by offering an optimized farming space, educate the farmers about advanced technology, and most importantly, enable quality crop cultivation in remote regions. With the help of IoT, the proposed procedure for crop cultivation gets precision in results, scalability for resources, remote control, and an optimized environment for cultivating multiple crops.

Applications of medical electronics play a vital rolein today's world of engineering. Various medical devices such as MRI, Stethoscope, Digital thermometers, electronic cardiac monitor (ECG), Brain wave machine, and Blood glucose monitor are used for measurement of multiple parameters of the human body. In this paper, some of the aspects with respect to stethoscope are considered for the advancement with the help of IoT (Internet of Things). Till date, many electronic stethoscopes designed were based on various technologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, neural network, and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS), etc. There are few limitations associated with the existing conventional stethoscopes such as short-distance communication, device weight, high cost, and difficulty in remote patient monitoring. In view of overcoming the above shortfalls, this paper proposes a new method of analyzing acoustic properties of heart sounds using an electronic stethoscope with IoT.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology that connects the physical and digital worlds, revolutionizing how devices, objects, and systems interact. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, IoT paves the way for the development of smart cities, homes, industries, and healthcare systems. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the Internet of Things and its role in shaping the smart world.The first section of this paper delves into the foundational concepts of IoT, outlining its history, principles, and key components. The discussion highlights the rapid growth of IoT devices, sensors, and communication protocols, which have enabled seamless data exchange and connectivity on a global scale. The potential benefits and challenges of IoT adoption are addressed, emphasizing the need for robust security and privacy measures to protect against potential threats. The second section explores the pivotal role of IoT in shaping smart cities. With urbanization on the rise, the need for efficient resource management, sustainable infrastructure, and enhanced citizen services becomes more pressing. IoT-driven solutions empower cities to optimize traffic flow, manage energy consumption, improve waste management, and enhance public safety through real-time data analytics and predictive modeling.In the context of smart homes, the third section investigates how IoT applications have revolutionized the way people interact with their living spaces. Smart home devices, such as smart thermostats, lighting systems, and voice-activated assistants, provide users with increased convenience and energy efficiency. However, concerns surrounding data privacy and potential vulnerabilities necessitate a discussion on the best practices for securing smart home ecosystems. The fourth section examines the impact of IoT on industries, from manufacturing to agriculture. IoT-enabled industrial processes streamline production, enhance supply chain management, and facilitate predictive maintenance, leading to increased productivity and reduced operational costs. Additionally, precision agriculture applications of IoT offer farmers real-time data on soil conditions, weather patterns, and crop health, leading to improved crop yield and resource utilization.The fifth section addresses the transformation of healthcare systems through IoT integration. From remote patient monitoring to wearable health devices, IoT has opened new avenues for personalized and proactive healthcare. This section emphasizes the potential of IoT to revolutionize healthcare delivery by facilitating timely interventions, reducing hospital readmissions, and empowering patients to take an active role in their health management.The sixth section discusses the challenges and barriers hindering the widespread adoption of IoT and the smart world. Interoperability issues, standardization, and the complexity of integrating diverse systems pose significant challenges for stakeholders. Moreover, concerns regarding data ownership, privacy, and cyber-security remain key obstacles that need to be addressed to build public trust in IoT technologies. The final section explores future trends and possibilities for IoT and the smart world. With the proliferation of 5G networks, edge computing, and artificial intelligence, the potential for IoT applications is boundless. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of collaboration among governments, industries, and researchers to shape a sustainable and inclusive smart world powered by IoT technologies.In summary, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the Internet of Things and its role in shaping the smart world. From its foundational principles to its diverse applications across various sectors, IoT has the potential to transform societies and redefine how we interact with technology. However, addressing challenges related to security, privacy, and standardization is crucial to unlock the full potential of IoT and pave the way for a truly interconnected and intelligent future.

The management of supply chains has been profoundly changed by the Internet of Things (IoT), offering new avenues for enhancing real-time visibility and operational efficiency. This study examines how important IoT is to Supply Chain 4.0, focusing on its capabilities to track, monitor, and analyze data within the supply chain ecosystem. IoT technologies make it easier for systems and devices to integrate seamlessly, providing stakeholders with instant access to valuable information, thereby improving procedures for determining decisions and overall performance evaluation of supply chain. The benefits and difficulties of IoT deployment in supply chains are identified in this paper by use of a thorough analysis of the body of current literature. Key advantages include improved transparency, reduced costs, enhanced inventory management, and streamlined operations. IoT-enabled sensors and devices can monitor conditions in real-time, ensuring timely interventions and mitigating risks. Notwithstanding these advantages, the study also identifies a number of drawbacks, including the requirement for a strong digital infrastructure, significant implementation costs, and data security issues. In order to fully utilize IoT in supply chain management, several issues must be resolved. According to the findings, supply chain resilience and efficiency may be greatly increased by implementing a systematic approach to IoT integration that is backed by thorough research and regulatory frameworks. The study ends with suggestions for more study and real-world implementations, highlighting the necessity of stakeholder cooperation to effectively utilize IoT's potential to revolutionize supply chains.

When it comes to the use of the Internet of Things (IoT), the healthcare sector is set to become the next frontier of the digital revolution thanks to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). Due to their weight, importance, and sensitivity, these files must be protected in the strictest manner. Now that blockchain is becoming more widespread, scientists are concentrating on how to use blockchain tactics within healthcare management to improve data security. Nevertheless, owing to the differing needs of these two technologies, such integration is exceptionally complex and demanding. In order to help users, take full control of their data, this study provides an overview of the current state of blockchain platforms for the IoMT by focusing on the difficulties presented by combination systems. This article will examine blockchain's use in healthcare IoT, including supply chain transparency, health data arrangement, smart contracts, and IoT security for remote monitoring. The final portions focus on challenges and potential developments in the future.