A two-period pricing model for perishable items

Understanding the Antecedents to Customer Loyalty by Applying Structural Equation Modeling

This chapter delineates the antecedents of tourists’ perceptions of the extent to which they perceive the prices they pay as being fair. The study also tests the relative importance of overall price fairness perception, which is measured as the relative gap between the expected price and the perceived price. A model and hypothesis was developed and tested, with reference to existing theories. Data was collected from nine nature- and activity-based firms in Northern Norway. A regression analysis was performed, in order to test the relative effects and strengths of the antecedents of tourist perception of price fairness. The results revealed that both information and monetary antecedents affect perceptions of price fairness. In particular, monetary-related antecedents such as household income, payment in advance, and value for money affected perception of whether prices were fair. Interestingly, information-related antecedents such as previous experience affected negative perceptions of price fairness. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the tourist industry.

Value-based pricing is potentially beneficial for relationships in business markets, but customers may also perceive this pricing approach as unfair. Drawing on the dual entitlement principle, we find that pricing norms play a role in fairness perceptions of value-based pricing. We find that fairness perceptions of value-based pricing can be enhanced by transparent and consistent sharing of customer value. Explicitly applying the identical value-sharing rule when promising customer value ex-ante and achieving it ex-post significantly increases price fairness perceptions. We find the same effect when applying the identical value-sharing rule for the focal customer and other customers, even if this leads to higher prices for the focal customer. This study shows specific ways how the dual entitlement principle forms price fairness perceptions.

Consumers expect companies to practice fair pricing. Understanding the underlying cognitive mechanism that determines consumers’ price fairness perceptions is significant. It could help mitigate negative outcomes from unfairness perceptions and place firms in a better competitive position. This study examines the role of consumers’ thinking styles in perceived price fairness and purchase intention in a price increase situation. An online experiment was conducted wherein 171 participants across India, primarily from tier-1 cities frequently using car rental services, took part from September to December 2021. The majority of the participants (72) were 21-30 years old (42%). All involved participants met the initial criteria of using car rental services at least once a week. Proposed hypotheses were checked by one-way ANOVA following Tukey post hoc test and PROCESS. One-way ANOVA results shows a significant influence of thinking styles on cognitive attribution with large effect size, F(2, 168) = 28.04, p < .001, η2 = 0.25; presents a significant influence of thinking styles on perceived price fairness with large effect size, F(2, 168) = 30.07, p < .001, η2 = .0.26; demonstrates a significant influence of thinking styles on purchase intention F(2, 168) = 19.94, p < .001, η2 = .0.19. Findings revealed that, in the face of a price increase occurrence, consumers thinking holistically and analytically differ in perceived price fairness and purchase intention. Furthermore, holistic thinkers with higher cognitive attribution perceive a price increase as fairer. Thereby, they have higher purchase intention than analytic thinkers. Acknowledgment This study received support from Internal Grant Agency (project number IGA/FaME/2022/010), Tomas Bata University in Zlín.

Chapter 7 complements the previous analysis and explores consumers’ perceptions of price fairness and tests the correlation with the reforms. The estimation uses several waves of Eurobarometer data, a large cross-country yearly survey sponsored by the European Commission. This analysis is conducted for all three sectors considered in the above chapter: through a set of different empirical models. Some counter-intuitive results are found, which are broadly consistent with the objective evidence on price determinants. In countries that have embraced the reforms, after controlling for individual characteristics, consumers do not appear to be happier about the price they pay compared with consumers in the countries lagging behind.

In this research, we evaluate the response of Brazilian consumers to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives accompanied by a price increase. We demonstrate that the extent to which Brazilian consumers perceive a company to be socially responsible (i.e., their CSR perceptions) is related to both the basic transactional outcome of purchase intentions as well as two relational outcomes: the likelihood to switch to a competitor and to complain about the CSR-based price increase. More interestingly, we find that these relationships are jointly mediated by the consumers’ perceptions of price fairness and feelings of personal satisfaction. Perhaps most interesting, we find that these mediating effects vary with consumer purchasing power; the mediating effect of price fairness on purchase intention is stronger for lower income than for higher income consumers, whereas the mediating effects of personal satisfaction on switching and complaining intentions are stronger for higher income than for lower income consumers.

PurposeThe aim of this research is to determine the price fairness of the social servicescape and the effect of price fairness on customer trust. In this context, first of all, the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness and then the effect of price fairness on customer trust were tested.Design/methodology/approachThe universe of the research consists of people who visit Starbucks coffee stores. In the study, data were collected from 338 people who visited Starbucks coffee stores. The relationships between the variables were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) Technique.FindingsAs a result of the research, it was concluded that employees, other customers and social crowds, which are from the dimensions of the social servicescape, do not have a significant effect on price fairness, the interaction between employee and customer, which is from the sub-dimensions of the social servicescape, has an effect on customers' perception of price fairness, and price fairness also has an effect on customer trust.Originality/valueThe important point in this research is to determine the effect of the social servicescape on price fairness, which has not been studied in the literature before. Although the effect of physical servicescape on price justice has been investigated, the effect of social servicescape on price justice has not been investigated. When evaluated from this point of view, it is thought that the research will have an important contribution to the literature.

The purpose of this study is to measure the agricultural product market efficiency of the three e-commerce platforms from the perspective of consumer price fairness perception, analyze the quality and price gap of invalid brands, and help agricultural products enterprises to formulate reasonable price strategies. The characteristics of farm products sold in e-commerce platforms(quality, origin, taste, safety level) were selected as output indicators and the prices of products were selected as input indicators to evaluate the efficiency of the market through DEA analysis. According to the analysis, JD mall has the largest proportion of effective brands, while YHD.com has the highest average market efficiency, and northeast rice has the largest difference in average efficiency among the three platforms. The results show that price inefficiencies still exist in the electronic market. The development of online market for agricultural products should pay attention to consumer price fairness and pay attention to the coordination between price and quality. The limitation of this paper is that it does not focus on the influence of words of mouth marketing in internet market and consumer experience, which can be the future research direction.

Perceptions of Price Fairness in the Age of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Tying Price Changes to Direct Costs

ABSTRACTVoluntary pricing mechanisms, such as Pay-What-You-Want (PWYW), could be a better pricing strategy to substitute for cash discount promotions. They can effectively promote the sales of conventional goods and services, while being influenced by socio-psychological variables. However, there is no clarity on the relative assessment of the impact of pricing frames, such as PWYW and Mark-Off-Your-Own-Price (MOYOP), on the consumers’ purchase of green products, where the purchase consideration might vary as the environment protection (altruistic) consideration versus the self-interest (self-enhancing) consideration. Further, there remains ambiguity on when and why such pricing mechanisms will work. This study, through an experiment, examines the buyers’ varied responses for the PWYW price frame versus the MOYOP price frame versus the fixed price frame under the environment protection (altruistic) consideration versus the self-interest (self-enhancing) consideration. It shows that although buyers do not show any difference in the mean voluntary payment between PWYW versus MOYOP frames as such; they prefer PWYW price frame under the environment protection (altruistic) consideration and MOYOP price frame under the self-interest (self-enhancing) consideration. The results show that the perception of price fairness mediates the relationship between pricing mechanism and willingness to buy (WTB). Furthermore, this study finds that price consciousness impacts the indirect effect of pricing mechanisms on WTB via perceived price fairness. The present study is the first to examine and analyze different considerations when the buyers’ preference varied for the PWYW versus MOYOP pricing frames. This study has suggested the underlying role of the perception of price fairness and price consciousness in the participative pricing mechanism on purchase.

Purpose/Rationale: This paper examines how the magnitude of intra-weekly price differences for day passes affects perceived fairness and behavioral intentions across different pricing schemes. Design/Methodology/Approach: The data was collected through an online survey experiment among alpine skiers. We use ordinal logistic and least squares regressions to test the relationships between pricing schemes, fairness perceptions, and customer reactions. Findings: The magnitude of the price difference negatively affects perceived fairness. We also find that the price difference influences purchase and revenge intentions, but this effect depends on the size of the price difference across pricing scenarios. Practical implications: Managers in the service sectors considering introducing variable pricing can directly apply our recommendations presented in the article when considering introducing a more variable approach to pricing. Research Contribution: The research findings contribute to the literature by showing that the magnitude of price differences plays a vital role when examining both price fairness perceptions and purchase- and revenge intentions. Originality/Value: This research addresses a gap in the existing literature by conducting a comprehensive analysis of how variations in price magnitude under different pricing schemes influence perceived fairness, purchase intentions, and revenge within the alpine skiing industry.

Firms typically treat their costs as tightly-guarded secrets. In six studies, we test the effect of firm disclosure of the costs to produce a given product (i.e., cost transparency) on purchase interest. We begin with a natural field experiment conducted with an online retailer, in which cost transparency increased sales (Study 1A). We subsequently replicate this field experiment in a controlled lab setting (Study 1B), and show that cost transparency is particularly potent in boosting purchase interest above other forms of transparency (Study 2). Guided by our theoretical framework, Studies 3 and 4 show that the effect is mediated by consumers’ trust in the firm, with Study 4 showing that this mediator explains variance above and beyond perceptions of price fairness. Finally, Study 5 demonstrates the critical role of the voluntary nature of the disclosure, by showing that cost transparency boosts purchase interest only when voluntarily instated by the firm, as opposed to involuntarily (e.g., as required by law). These results imply that the proactive revelation of costs can improve a firm’s bottom line.

This study aims to explore the effect of perceived playfulness and price on brand loyalty among players of EA FC Mobile.With the increasing popularity of mobile gaming, understanding factors that drive brand loyalty is essential for game developers and marketers.A survey will be conducted among EA FC Mobile players to assess their emotional engagement, perceptions of price fairness, and brand loyalty.Previous research has noted positive relationships between emotional value and price respectively to brand loyalty.The discoveries are anticipated to supply experiences for game developers to enhance brand loyalty through emotional engagement and fair pricing strategies.

Consumers’ perceptions of the fairness of price-matching refund policies

Price is the cost consumers pay to stay with the manufacturer. In turn, the firms should make the consumers feel that their sacrifice is fair. Marketers should understand the differences between price fairness and unfairness. Most research manipulates causes price unfairness and assumes reverse is fairness. We study overall price (un)fairness as an aggregate of distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice and study what differences exist between price fairness and unfairness. Consumer’s sense of equity from the transaction and their understanding of the pricing policy contribute equally toward creating price fairness perceptions. Violation of equity has the greatest impact on price unfairness perceptions, followed by consumer's inability to understand procedures. For services, both distributive and procedural dimensions are equally important. Consumers display stronger preference to stay with the service provider in case of fair price perceptions than their preference to leave because of unfairness. Customers show a status quo bias. Positive communication influences them to repurchase.