A Virtual Network Guard System Based on Cloud Computing Environments

Recently, technology of cloud computing has been rapidly developed, and it is expected to apply for various network services. Virtual technology is a part of significant technology which has been contributed for the development of cloud computing. Various virtual technologies such as virtual OS and VDE become very important for server and network management in these days. Furthermore, such a virtual technology becomes possible to provide efficient resource management or QoS with virtual network configuration. Thus, it will be important for network construction to provide hardware and software service in near future. Autonomous network configuration in virtual layer is one of such a service. Not only network configuration is constructed in physical layer, but also it should be constructed in virtual layer for providing optimal resource and QoS management. In this paper, Overlay Cloud Computing Service is proposed, and it is consisted of virtual autonomous network configuration in cloud computing service including various server and network services. In our proposal methods, first of all, there are various kinds of user policy such as eco mode, high power mode, and secure mode. Then, virtual network and server configuration is automatically held in virtual layer with the mode setting and hardware configuration. Besides, with observation values of network and server condition, virtual configuration is changed optimally. In this optimal configuration changes, Kalman filter is used for the calculation of network and server condition. Then, with the results of calculation, virtual network topology is changed. In this paper, first, introduction and cloud computing service is discussed. Then, our proposed Overlay Cloud Computing Service by autonomous network configuration is introduced. In the chapter, optimal control method by Kalman filter with observed values is also introduced. Finally, conclusion and future study is discussed.

Virtualization is the fundamental attribute of next generation network. Embedding customized virtual networks (VNs) onto the underlying physical network (PN) is the core issue in virtualization research. This issue is virtual network embedding (VNE). Since the issue inception, multiple mapping algorithms have been studied. However, prior mapping algorithms are mostly static. Existing dynamic mapping algorithms just focus on accepting as many VNs as possible. No existing dynamic algorithm considers optimizing the quality of service (QoS) performance of each accepted VN. On these backgrounds, we jointly investigate the dynamic VN embedding and optimize the QoS performance of each accepted VN. A dynamic heuristic algorithm is proposed in order to be evaluated in continuous time. When one VN service is requested, the VN will be mapped by the dynamic heuristic algorithm. If the QoS demand of the VN is not guaranteed, the re-embedding scheme of the heuristic algorithm will be driven. Certain virtual elements of the VN will be re-embedded. The dynamic embedding algorithm ensures flexible VN assignment and improves the physical resource utilization. Finally, simulation results are illustrated in order to validate the strength of our proposed dynamic algorithm. For instance, VN acceptance ratio of our dynamic heuristic algorithm improves at least 13%.

Virtual private networks (VPN) and link sharing are cost-effective ways of realizing corporate intranets. Corporate intranets will increasingly have to provide integrated services for voice and multimedia traffic. Although packet scheduling algorithms can be used to implement integrated services in link sharing and virtual private networks, their statistical multiplexing gains are limited. We propose a new scheme called stochastic fair sharing (SFS) to carry out fair link sharing and fair sharing among virtual leased links (VLL). In the link sharing environment, capacities allocated to different classes are adjusted dynamically as sessions arrive (or depart). The SFS admission control algorithm decides which sessions to accept and which to reject depending upon the current utilizations and provisioned capacities of the classes. SFS gives protection to classes with low session arrival rate against classes with high session arrival rates by ensuring them a low blocking probability. In the case of multi-hop VLL, capacity resizing requests are sent in the service providers's network which are admission-controlled using SFS. Our simulations indicate that using SFS, the equivalent capacity of virtual links converge to their max-min fair capacity, with a fairness index of 0.97 in extreme situations. The average signaling load of the protocol was found to be reasonable. The scheme is simple to implement, efficient, and robust. The potential applications of SFS are fair and efficient resource sharing in telecommunication networks, ATM networks, virtual private networks (VPN) and integrated services or differentiated services-based IP networks.

The crucial role that networking plays in Cloud computing calls for a holistic vision that allows combined control, management, and optimization of both networking and computing resources in a Cloud environment, which leads to a convergence of networking and Cloud computing. Network virtualization is being adopted in both telecommunications and the Internet as a key attribute for the next generation networking. Virtualization, as a potential enabler of profound changes in both communications and computing domains, is expected to bridge the gap between these two fields. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), when applied in network virtualization, enables a Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) paradigm that may greatly facilitate the convergence of networking and Cloud computing. Recently the application of SOA in network virtualization has attracted extensive interest from both academia and industry. Although numerous relevant research works have been published, they are currently scattered across multiple fields in the literature, including telecommunications, computer networking, Web services, and Cloud computing. In this article we present a comprehensive survey on the latest developments in service-oriented network virtualization for supporting Cloud computing, particularly from a perspective of network and Cloud convergence through NaaS. Specifically, we first introduce the SOA principle and review recent research progress on applying SOA to support network virtualization in both telecommunications and the Internet. Then we present a framework of network-Cloud convergence based on service-oriented network virtualization and give a survey on key technologies for realizing NaaS, mainly focusing on state of the art of network service description, discovery, and composition. We also discuss the challenges brought in by network-Cloud convergence to these technologies and research opportunities available in these areas, with a hope to arouse the research community's interest in this emerging interdisciplinary field.

SocialVPN: Enabling wide-area collaboration with integrated social and overlay networks

The physical and representational contents of the public space are in a dynamic evolving state with the changes in the social structure and urban structure. In the historical process, the phenomenon of public space has been affected by the developments experienced with the change in the way individuals establish relationships in public life. Today, this transformation has occurred through virtual networks with the development of information and communication technologies. The paper aims to understand the public sphere dynamics that have changed with information and communication technologies. Accordingly, it limits its scope on these questions: How virtual networks affect the representational form of public space? What are the spatial structuring of this new representational public realm? What effect does this transformation have on urban areas that are the physical spaces of public realm? The method of the study is to explain theoretical discussions by supporting examples. In this context, it has been found that virtual networks, known as a new form of public space, transform the representative and physical form of the public space in a multifaceted manner by relocating the way individuals communicate with each other on a virtual layer. In this virtual transformation, it has been seen that the representative public space is now formed on social networks and platforms and the spatial structuring of these areas is defined as virtual network. The effect of virtual networks on the physical spaces of the public realm is possible by clustering data about urban areas in these virtual environments. Therefore, the visibility of virtual networks on the physical spaces of the publicity takes place through the understanding of space usage; moreover, virtual network data, which hybridizes with contemporary urban areas, reveals new qualities in the sense of the city by embodying it through maps. The physical transformation of the public space with information and communication technologies is made possible by the use of virtual network data in the design processes of this new sensory city.

With the expansion of cloud computing, virtual network (VN) migration becomes the very perspective technology for saving energy, ensuring Service Level Agreements or improving the survivability of virtual networks in cloud networks. At present, the majority of research on the VN migration, however, are for saving energy or improving resource utilizations, and few of them for the entire virtual network migration for guaranteeing QoS or improving the survivability of virtual networks. Since the regional failure, network maintenance or QoS violation, the service provider generally needs to migrate the VN for guaranteeing the QoS or improving the survivability of virtual networks. In the paper, we research the live migration problem of the virtual network to optimize the virtual network migration performance. To efficient migrate virtual network, we present an effective VN migration method, VNM. To control the cost of migration or migration traffic, based on the VNM algorithm, we present an effective VN migration method with migration traffic control, VNM-MTC. We use two networks as substrate networks to simulate the performances of our presented algorithms. From the experiment, we can see that the total VN reconfiguration cost, total VN redeployment cost, total VN migration cost and blocking ratio of our presented algorithms are better than that of the contrast algorithm.

With the emergence of cloud services based on data centers, demands for bandwidth-intensive applications have increased dramatically, and application services have transferred to a more diversified direction. Management as well as capacity of the backbone network needs further development to catch up with rapidly evolved application demands. Optical network virtualization can facilitate the sharing of physical infrastructure among multiple network applications. Virtual Network Embedding (VNE), the main implementation of network virtualization, determines how to map a virtual network request onto physical substrate. To expand the network capacity, flexible-grid elastic optical networks have been considered as a promising supporting technology for the future infrastructure of the next-generation Internet. However, due to the expense of key enabling equipment for flexible grid optical networks, the brown-field migration from a fixed grid to a flexible grid gave birth to the co-existing fixed/flexible grid. Based on the co-existing fixed/flexible grid optical networks, we investigate the problem of Virtual Optical Network (VON) provisioning, and present a flexible-grid-aware virtual network embedding algorithm to map the virtual networks onto the substrate network. In addition, the performance of the algorithm was evaluated under four different network scenarios. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better performance in all four scenarios.

The Italian GPS receiver for Radio Occultation has been launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Center (Sriharikota, India) on board of the Indian Remote Sensing OCEANSAT-2 satellite. The Italian Space Agency has established a set of Italian universities and research centers to develop an innovative solution in order to quickly elaborate RO data and extract atmospherical profiles. The algorithms adopted can be used to characterize the temperature, pressure and humidity. In consideration of large amount of data to process, an hybrid infrastructure has been created using both the existing grid environment (fully physical) and the virtual environment composed of virtual machines from local cloud infrastructure and Amazon EC2. This enhancement of the project stems from the need of computational power in case of an unexpected burst of calculation that the physical infrastructure would not be able to respond on its own. The virtual environment implemented guarantees flexibility and a progressive scalability and other benefits derived by virtualization and cloud computing.

Cloud computing is a novel paradigm which relies on the vision of resource sharing over the Internet. The concept of resource virtualization, i.e. hiding the detail specification of the resources from the end users is the key idea of cloud computing. But the tenants have limited visibility over the network resources. The Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) framework integrates the cloud computing services with direct tenant access to the network infrastructure. The Network virtualization (NV) is such a platform that acts as a mediation layer to provide NaaS to tenants. NV supports the coexistence of multiple virtual networks, which is the collection of virtual nodes and virtual links on the same underlying physical infrastructure. Prior to set up a virtual network in an NV Environment, resource discovery and resource allocation are the primary job. In this chapter, we have discussed on basic NV architecture, surveyed the previous work on the resource allocation along with ongoing research projects on network virtualization.

Network forensic investigation in OpenFlow networks with ForCon

Network virtualization (NV) allows multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) to coexist and operate over the same physical network (PN) infrastructures. Some of the benefits of this advancement include flexibility in VN topologies, heterogeneity in VN technologies, and modularity of network operations. However, there are a few areas, such as resource allocation and economics, which challenge the implementation of NV. In this paper, we first introduce some NV parameters that influence the resource allocation and economics of an NV system. Next, we formulate an economic model for NV using the prey-predator food chain model. This model takes into account the dynamics in an NV system, such as the service, payoff, failure, and competition rates within each VN and PN. The solution point to this model represents the resource strategy of the service provider (SP) given the number of users trying to use its VN, as well as the resource strategy of the infrastructure provider (InP) given the strategy of the VN leasing its PN. In addition, we establish economic models that relate the capacities of the end users, the SP, and the InP. Finally, we provided simulations that show how the prey-predator food chain model fits well on an NV system.

Over the past decade, wide-area distributed computing has emerged as a powerful computing paradigm. Virtual machines greatly simplify wide-area distributed computing by lowering the abstraction to benefit both resource users and providers. A virtual execution environment consisting of virtual machines (VMs) interconnected with virtual networks provides opportunities to dynamically optimize, at run-time, the performance of existing, unmodified distributed applications without any user or programmer intervention. We have formalized the adaptation problem in virtual execution environments and shown that it is NP-hard to both, solve and approximate within a factor of m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2-δ</sup> for any δ > 0, where m is the number of edges in the virtual overlay graph. We also designed and evaluated greedy adaptation algorithms and found them to work well in practice.

Cloud computing (CC) services can offer substantial cost-effective global operational and relationship benefits if the cooperation between logistics and CC services are resilient. Potential vulnerabilities to cooperation of CC and logistics service providers can occur with respect to vital factors such as security and trust. Extant studies have demonstrated CC benefits as well as few challenges associated with CC services application. However, no extant study has examined the inter-organisational benefits based on cooperative resilience between CC and logistics service providers in terms of both capability and trust vulnerability factors. This study examines the cooperative resilience of logistics and CC service providers based on innovation diffusion theory within a supply chain risk assessment framework. Using structural equation modelling techniques, we investigate the relationship between the vulnerability factor (trust), capability factor (security) and collaboration benefits (relationship and operational) offered by CC service providers based on 236 Chinese logistics service firms’ perceptions of CC adoption. The results indicate Chinese logistics companies perceive security impediments as a major factor affecting cooperative resilience between logistics service and CC service providers.

The use of journal clubs and, more recently, case-based discussions in order to stimulate debate among orthopaedic surgeons lies at the heart of orthopaedic training and education. A virtual learning environment can be used as a platform to host virtual journal clubs and case-based discussions. This has many advantages in the current climate of constrained time and diminishing trainee and consultant participation in such activities. The virtual environment model opens up participation and improves access to journal clubs and case-based discussions, provides reusable educational content, establishes an electronic record of participation for individuals, makes use of multimedia material (including clinical imaging and photographs) for discussion, and finally, allows participants to link case-based discussions with relevant papers in the journal club. The Leicester experience highlights the many advantages and some of the potential difficulties in setting up such a virtual system and provides useful guidance for those considering such a system in their own training programme. As a result of the virtual learning environment, trainee participation has increased and there is a trend for increased consultant input in the virtual journal club and case-based discussions. It is likely that the use of virtual environments will expand to encompass newer technological approaches to personal learning and professional development.