A wireless decentralized control experimental platform for vibration control of civil structures

After investigating the conception and features of PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and embedded system, in this paper the conception of a Quasi-PLC is proposed, which combine the advantages of PLC and embedded system. The architecture of Quasi-PLC and a Top-Down design method with collaboration design of software and hardware for Quasi-PLC embedded control system are researched then. Finally, setting the large-scale industrial valve control system as an example, the conception of Quasi-PLC and related technologies are used in industrial valve control system, and a satisfied application effect is obtained, which proves the rationality of the conception of Quasi-PLC and related technologies.

Optimal design of tuned viscous mass damper for acceleration response control of civil structures under seismic excitations

The aim of the work was to study applications of intelligent control systems in improving the fatigue life of structures in mechatronic machines. The study of intelligent control systems was mainly focused on possibilities of neural networks and fuzzy systems. As a result a control algorithm that increases the fatigue life was developed. The control algorithm was designed to be a part of the control system of a log crane. Design process begins with simulation models of the crane and the control algorithm. More tests were done with the physical prototype of the crane. As a result, the fatigue life of the crane was increased such that it will be many times longer than with the traditional control system. Furthermore, developed control algorithm damps substantially the vibrations of the log crane.

Computer facilities and microprocessor-based technology have been successfully used in the energy industry. For protection and equipment control, this technology has been used in SCADA, remote control and monitoring applications. Particular attention is paid to the cyber security sector for automation and control systems. Protective application of the equipment and control, SCADA, monitoring and remote control, uses the technology with microprocessor. Due to the great importance of the power supply process, there is no question of being left in a state of vulnerability and neglect. Security is not perfect and will never be. For this reason, there will always be security breaches and incidents. Also, for this reason, not only protection mechanisms are in place, but also mechanisms for rapid detection of incidents and which are able to react effectively to the isolation of problems and to ensuring security. Processes security for systems will continue to evolve in the future. By definition, there are no communication systems that are 100% safe. Attacks against critical industrial infrastructures marked an increase not only in terms of number but also of the level of complexity. The destruction of the industrial control system (ICS) and critical processes were interrupted. For many organizations, the security improvement in ICS systems is great. The extreme sensitivity to ensure the availability and performance of industrial processes has led to a more conservative and rigorous approach to how security measures are implemented. Cyber-attacks that could compromise the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of ICS systems may come from within systems or from outside ICS systems. Among the ICS system infection vectors from the perspective of the SANS Institute (2014) include: external threats (state attacks, hacking etc.), malware, exploiting tools, phishing, internal attacks, cyber security protocols, and industrial espionage. This chapter addresses the cyber security issues required for the protection, automation, control and communications systems of transformation stations as well as methods that could be used to prevent computer attacks that can have a significant impact on the availability of the system Electro-energetic effect with serious consequences on extended area interruptions.

In order to improve the traditional speed-tension type three-motor synchronous control platform based on PLC bus control to further enhance the speed and control accuracy of the control system, enhance the control effect, Speed-Tension type Three-motor coordinate synchronous control platform based on Multi-microprocessor is proposed in this paper.In this platform, the complex programmable logic devices (CPLD), Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and microcontroller (MCU) are combined.In order to improve rapid and synchronization of the control system, CPLD Parallel nature is used to achieve three serial ports synchronous and concurrency control; Complex control algorithms are implement by the use of DSP fast and efficient data processing capabilities; Experimental results show: The control system is stable, at the same baud rate the control speed of the platform based on multi-microprocessor is more than three times faster than the one of the traditional PLC bus control platform.In the multi-microprocessor control platform， under the same control algorithm regulation time is more fast 0.53 seconds than traditional PLC control platform, the overshoot of the system is 13.53% of the one using traditional PLC control platform, and the tracking the maximum error reduces 60.53% than the one of the traditional PLC control platform.

Cybersecurity for industrial control systems: A survey

Control systems are used in a number of different industrial sectors and critical infrastructures, including manufacturing, distribution, and transportation. Failure of these control systems because of malware or other faults would be catastrophic for critical infrastructure and would result in significant losses. Adverse operating conditions, such as those found in networked control systems, exacerbate the likelihood of vulnerability to malware attacks. The prospect of severe adversarial assaults such as buffer overflow, conventional faults, and especially stealthy Ladder Logic Bombs is a serious cause of concern in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) with novel attacks such as Struxnet. Decoupled at-distance Electromagnetic spectrum-based monitoring of faults and malware is more robust and can likely be integrated into Industrial Control System frameworks. Our failure analysis and Machine Learning (ML) modeling approach is fundamentally different from traditional methods in that we propose a Hybrid Quantum Artificial Intelligence-based Electromagnetic (EM) Spectral domain-based analysis approach that is completely decoupled from the controller processor and can predict PLC fault/malware conditions, including stealth Ladder Logic Bombs and buffer overflow attacks. Further, robust Supervisory Control Systems (SCSs) that interface with programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are essential components of Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) that handle critical infrastructure. Modern industrial control systems, on the other hand, are made up of densely linked Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. Because of their networked nature, supervisory control systems are also susceptible to widespread cyberattacks. As a result, in the case of a coordinated attack on IoT control systems, the dependability of Supervisory control decision-making procedures is jeopardized and need to be decoupled from the attacks. This work also develops a Fuzzy inference Engine-based supervisory monitoring technology based on the characteristics of the Hybrid Quantum AI-based analysis of the EM spectrum to reduce industrial plant downtime and false alarms by localizing adversarial attacks/faults, risk severity levels, and impacted nodes, as well as having dependability and malware immunity in networked Industrial control systems. The Hybrid QAI technique improved prediction accuracy by up to 88 percent when identifying different control system viruses and defects in 6-stage pipelined processors. The Fuzzy inference engine in the Mamdani Inference System architecture has been found to reduce the risk of false alarms and downtime.

Present paper attempts to review the literature related to design of P-I-D control for time delayed complex industrial process for single as well as for multivariable process with interaction considerations, their decoupler design and time delay compensators. General instrumentation of the industrial feedback control systems along with control system analysis has been covered. Also it covers, control features of some paper mill sub-processes like headbox operation, basis weight and retention. The importance of eliminating the effects of interactions, among the process control loops inside a multi input multi output industrial control system, has been discussed with the help of literature study. The importance of the process dynamics knowledge for designing a control system has also been investigated. This paper also investigates the significance and effectiveness of PID controllers through various literature studies. The problems of the classical PID controllers such as constraints, presence of disturbances etc.) can be removed by designing in combination with soft computing techniques. Moreover, possibility of further enhancements in the PID controller with the utilization of various schemes available, has been presented. The present status of control systems in industrial processes in terms of various control parameters such as stability, dead time compensation etc. has been presented and the future improvements have been stated.

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are used worldwide in critical infrastructures. An ICS system can be a single embedded system working stand-alone for controlling a simple process or ICS can also be a very complex Distributed Control System (DCS) connected to Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system(s) in a nuclear power plant. Although ICS are widely used today, there are very little research on the forensic acquisition and analyze ICS’s artefacts. In this paper we present a case study of forensics in ICS where we describe a method of safeguarding important volatile artefacts from an embedded industrial control system and several other sources.

In this paper, an innovative hamburger-shaped eddy current damper (HSECD) is presented to mitigate the responses of civil structures subjected to wind excitations. The damper’s capacity to dissipate energy is significantly enhanced through a two-phase configuration of permanent magnets (PMs) and two transmission devices: a ball-screw assembly and a bevel gear group. The improved eddy current damper (ECD) solves the problem that the low damping density of traditional ECDs hinders their application to the field of vibration control for civil structures. First, the construction details of this novel HSECD are elaborated, and its principle is discussed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Subsequently, a prototype of the HSECD was fabricated, and cyclic tensile–compressive tests were conducted to investigate its mechanical performance. Furthermore, the temperature effect on the damper’s maximum output force was analyzed, and more than 10% performance degradation was detected in tests with a continuous loading of 1,250 s, while the damper performance quickly reached a steady state after a certain decline. A theoretical model of the HSECD was then established to simulate its hysteretic characteristics, and the accuracy was verified by comparing it with the test data, where their energy error was only 1.9%. Finally, the application of the HSECD to both a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) simplified system and a jacking engineering system demonstrates its excellent control performance because the reduction ratios of their peak displacement were as high as 31.1% and 40.9%, respectively. These results highlight the significant practical value of the HSECD in mitigating the wind-induced vibrations for engineering structures.

Structural health monitoring and intelligent vibration control of cable-supported bridges: Research and application

This paper describes a set of preliminary laboratory experiments to demonstrate the different centralized/decentralized wireless sensing and control architectures. The results have demonstrated the viability and potential of wireless sensing and control devices for large scale decentralized structural control applications. Other robust and dynamic control strategies utilizing wireless sensing network are currently being investigated.

The scope of the book is the application of vibration mitigation systems in structural engineering. The intended content includes the theoretical background covering aspects from both structural dynamics and control engineering point of view. Moreover, passive, active and semi-active devices are explained in detail giving mathematical principles, design considerations and application examples. It also contains detailed information about structural monitoring, as an essential part of the active/semi-active systems, and therefore, provide a full overview about passive, active and semi-active systems in the specific context of civil engineering Book presents a comprehensive coverage of the area of vibration control of civil structures subjected to different types of loading while using passive, semi-active, and/or active controls. Presents the theoretical governing equations as well as the associated design guides of various vibration control mitigation approaches. Discusses structural monitoring aspects such as sensor technology, system identification and signal processing topics. Reviews structural control aspects, such as algorithms. Includes solved examples utilizing MATLAB®/SIMULINK® with source codes of the calculation examples and design tool set. This book is aimed at graduate students, professionals, researchers in civil engineering, structural engineering, structural dynamics, health monitoring, vibration control.

this paper, a novel semi-active magnetorheological tuned liquid column damper (MR-TLCD) device combining tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) and magnetorheological damper (MRD) is devised for wind or earthquake vibration control of civil structures. In this device, a traditional moving head loss in the TLCD is replaced with a controlled MRD in the bottom or one side of the vertical column, which can easily and rapidly adjust the damping of the device. A semi-active experimental prototype MR-TLCD consisting of a shear rotary MRD and a TLCD is built. Based on the four basic presumptions, a dynamic model of the devised MR-TLCD is established using the Lagrange equation. In this equation, the formula of MRD employs the Bingham Boltzmann model. The natural frequency of the MR-TLCD is determined by the total central length and spring stiffness. It is worth noting that the natural frequency differs with the simple TLCD, because the device adds a joint spring. An equivalent linear damping expression is developed under harmonic excitation, and its mechanical model is developed using the equivalent period displacement and the coulomb friction force of MRD. At the same time, the equivalent damping can be adjusted by the real-time applied current, which can achieve the semi-active control performance. To validate the proposed frequency and damping model, Experimental test is conducted on a section area 150mm × 150mm and a total length 2.24m of the MR-TLCD dimensions. Comparisons are made between predicted and measured TLCD liquid surface displacement motion. The result shows the error of its nature frequency is only 2.29%.

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers have become an effective means for the semiactive vibration control of civil structures. For achieving good control performance, it is necessary to make the accurate characterization of the civil structures to be controlled, the sensors, the actuators and some other systems integrated. Nowadays, the modeling and identification of the dynamics of an MR damper is still a challenging task due to its highly hysteretic nonlinearities. This paper presents experimental results on the modeling and identification of a type of MR damper prototype whose MR fluid is contained in a foam. A comparative study is made among three parametric models (Bingham, Bouc-Wen and Hyperbolic tangent).