About the Contributors

About the Contributors

Notes on Contributors

Journal Article An Abridgment of the Indian Affairs, contained in Four Folio Volumes, transacted in the Colony of New York, from the Year 1678 to the Year 1751. By Peter Wraxall. Edited with an Introduction by Charles Howard McIlwain, Assistant Professor of History in Harvard University. [Harvard Historical Studies, vol. XXI.] (Cambridge: Harvard University Press; London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press. 1915. Pp. cxviii, 251.) Get access An Abridgment of the Indian Affairs, contained in Four Folio Volumes, transacted in the Colony of New York, from the Year 1678 to the Year 1751. By Wraxall Peter. Edited with an Introduction by McIlwain Charles Howard, Assistant Professor of History in Harvard University. [Harvard Historical Studies, vol. XXI.] (Cambridge: Harvard University Press; London: Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press. 1915. Pp. cxviii, 251.) Louise Phelps Kellogg Louise Phelps Kellogg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 22, Issue 4, July 1917, Pages 880–882, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/22.4.880 Published: 01 July 1917

Journal Article The Goddess Fortuna in Mediaeval Literature. By Howard R. Patch, Ph.D., Litt.D., Professor of English in Smith College. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1927. Pp. xii, 215. $5.00.) Get access The Goddess Fortuna in Mediaeval Literature. By Patch Howard R., Ph.D., Litt.D., Professor of English in Smith College. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1927. Pp. xii, 215. $5.00.) Beatrice Daw Brown Beatrice Daw Brown Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 33, Issue 3, April 1928, Pages 627–629, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/33.3.627 Published: 01 April 1928

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ARTICLENo AccessOne Thousand Juvenile Delinquents. By Sheldon Glueck and Eleanor T. Glueck. Vol. I, Survey of Crime and Criminal Justice in Boston, conducted by the Harvard Law School. (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1934.)Henry B. ElkindHenry B. ElkindSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.91.5.1199AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail PDFThis content is only available as a PDF. Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 91Issue 5 March 1935Pages 1199-1202 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 March 1935

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgements He would like to acknowledge the helpful suggestions and comments from Ahsan Butt, Christopher Clary, Austin Long, Vipin Narang, and Dann Naseemullah, and the excellent research assistance provided by Meher Kairon. The author, however, is solely responsible for the arguments presented Notes 1. President Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President on a New Strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan” (speech, Washington, D.C., March 27, 2009), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-the-President-on-a-New-Strategy-for-Afghanistan-and-Pakistan/. 2. President Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President on a New Strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan” (speech, Washington, D.C., March 27, 2009), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Remarks-by-the-President-on-a-New-Strategy-for-Afghanistan-and-Pakistan/ 3. President Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President in Address to the Nation on the Way Forward in Afghanistan and Pakistan” (speech, U.S. Military Academy at West Point, December 1, 2009), http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/remarks-president-address-nation-way-forward-afghanistan-and-pakistan. 4. A helpful overview of the U.S.–Pakistan relationship is K. Alan Kronstadt, “Pakistan–U.S. Relations,” CRS Report for Congress, renowned RL33498, February 6, 2009, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33498.pdf. 5. An outline of this approach can be found in the Enhanced Partnership for Pakistan Act of 2009, a copy of which is at http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/11173.pdf. 6. For the argument that only a regional solution can stabilize Pakistan, see Barnett Rubin and Ahmed Rashid, “From Great Game to Great Bargain: Ending Chaos in Afghanistan and Pakistan,” Foreign Affairs 87, no. 6 (November/December 2008): pp. 30–44. 7. Richard Norton-Taylor, “Pakistan at heart of regional peace effort, says Richard Holbrooke,” Guardian, July 23, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jul/23/pakistan-us-richard-holbrooke. 8. See Shuja Nawaz, Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008). 9. Jane Perlez, “Army Chief Driving Pakistan's Agenda for Talks,” New York Times, March 21, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/22/world/asia/22kayani.html. 10. On the domestic political power of the Pakistani army, see, among many others, Ayesha Siddiqa, Military Inc.: Inside Pakistan's Military Economy (London: Pluto, 2007); and Stephen P. Cohen, The Idea of Pakistan (Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 2004). 11. “Kayani's Gamble,” The Economist, July 29, 2010; and Declan Walsh, “Pakistan spy agency accused over Taliban,” Guardian, June 13, 2010, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jun/13/pakistan-spy-agency-accused-taliban. 12. Examples of Pakistani analysis of the U.S. aid initiative can be found in “Opposing Kerry–Lugar,” Dawn, October 8, 2009, http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/14-opposing-kerry-lugar-zj-01; and Hasan-Askari Rizvi, “Kerry–Lugar and the domestic debate,” Daily Times, October 11, 2009, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C10%5C11%5Cstory_11-10-2009_pg3_2. 13. Strikingly, a 2009 poll found that an overwhelming majority of the population would prefer an unstable democratic regime to a stable military dictatorship. See The International Republican Institute, “Survey of Pakistan Public Opinion,” October 1, 2009, http://www.iri.org/news-events-press-center/news/iri-releases-survey-pakistan-public-opinion. 14. Sabrina Tavernise, “Top Judge Suspends President's Judicial Appointment in Pakistan,” New York Times, February 13, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/world/asia/14pstan.html. 15. See Pew Global Attitudes Project, http://pewglobal.org/database/?indicator=1&country=166. 16. “After the Deluge,” The Economist, September 16, 2010. 17. Jane Perlez, Eric Schmitt, and Carlotta Gall, “Pakistan Is Said to Pursue Foothold in Afghanistan,” New York Times, June 24, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/25/world/asia/25islamabad.html?scp=1&sq=karzai%20kayani&st=cse. 18. An overview of post-Mumbai relations can be found in Siddharth Varadarajan, “Building Trust, One Step at a Time,” The Hindu, June 23, 2010, http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/siddharth-varadarajan/article481022.ece. 19. The leverage Pakistan has over NATO supply lines into Afghanistan was recently made clear after the U.S. killed three Pakistani Frontier Corps soldiers. See Alex Rodriguez, “U.S. apologizes to Pakistan for NATO attack that led to shutdown of key border crossing into Afghanistan,” Los Angeles Times, October 6, 2010, http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-pakistan-tankers-20101006,0,154213.story. 20. Some insight into what a post-drawdown Afghanistan might look like can be found in Antonio Giustozzi, Empires of Mud: War and Warlords of Afghanistan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009); and Gilles Dorronsoro, Revolution Unending: Afghanistan, 1979 to the Present (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005). 21. An argument in favor of a large-footprint counterinsurgency option rather than a drawdown is Fredrick W. Kagan and Kimberly Kagan, “A Winnable War,” The Weekly Standard, June 26, 2010, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/winnable-war. 22. On the history of Pakistani support for militant groups, see Sumit Ganguly and S. Paul Kapur, “The Sorcerer's Apprentice: Islamist Militancy in South Asia,” The Washington Quarterly 33, no. 1 (January 2010): pp. 47–59, http://twq.com/10january/docs/10jan_GangulyKapur.pdf. 23. A recent example, suggesting a “major push” of new initiatives, is Michael O'Hanlon, “Economics of Security in South Asia,” Politico, July 20, 2010, http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0710/39978.html. 24. Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Shahid Javed Burki, Sustaining Reform with a US-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (Washington, D.C.: Peter G. Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2006). 25. An example of the weak impact of U.S. diplomatic efforts can be found in Griff Witte, “Billions of aid dollars buy U.S. little goodwill in Pakistan,” Washington Post, August 24, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/23/AR2010082305476.html. 26. On the historical origins of weak political parties in Pakistan, see Maya Jessica Tudor, “Twin Births, Divergent Democracies: The Social and Institutional Origins of Regime Outcomes in India and Pakistan” (PhD dissertation, Princeton University, 2009), http://gradworks.umi.com/33/93/3393447.html. 27. The Pentagon has spent up to $1 billion on strategic communications in the last several years, with a substantial portion focused on Afghanistan and Pakistan. See Walter Pincus, “Pentagon reviewing strategic information operations,” Washington Post, December 27, 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/12/26/AR2009122601462.html. 28. A detailed history of this period is Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin, 2004). 29. One possible approach to a lower footprint in Afghanistan can be found in Austin Long, “Small is Beautiful: The Counterterrorism Option in Afghanistan,” Orbis 54, no. 2 (Spring 2010): pp. 199–214. 30. For a broader discussion of these challenges, see C. Christine Fair, “Time for Sober Realism: Renegotiating Relations with Pakistan,” The Washington Quarterly 32, no. 2 (April 2009): pp. 149–172, http://twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Fair.pdf. 31. Steve Coll, “The Back Channel,” The New Yorker, March 2, 2009, http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/03/02/090302fa_fact_coll. 32. Some such alternatives are identified in Sumantra Bose, Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003). Additional informationNotes on contributorsPaul StanilandPaul Staniland is Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago

Reviews of Books

Before we can ask whether there are too many lawyers we must answer several preliminary questions: whom do we consider lawyers, and what does and should influence their number? The term ‘lawyer’, w...

Potential pension fund losses should not deter high-income countries from bold climate action

Lynn Margulis (1938–2011)

As a queer early career librarian, coming into the digital collections space at Grand Valley State University (GVSU) and not being able to see a very important part of myself reflected within the digital collection spurred me to think about ways in which I could make people like me more visible within it. Thus, for one of my early projects as the new Digital Scholarship Librarian at GVSU, I digitized the event archives from the Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies department, the Milton E. Ford LGBT Resource Center, and the Gayle R. Davis Center for Women and Gender Equity. With this material I planned to create a sexuality and gender digital collection, with multiple objectives: to include a queer perspective within the digital collections, to raise awareness of what these physical places offer students within the digital space, and to allow easier access to the archives with the hopes of attracting people who may not have been looking specifically at what physical archives have to offer. I want the digital to break through to the physical and encourage people to go to the events and classes offered by the centers and the department. I also want to encourage students as well as people outside of academia to develop an interest working with archives in different ways. There is a need for more varied voices within the library profession as a whole, and increasing access to archival material can create interest for more LGBTQ+ people to professionally work in libraries. This project is one way I hope to spark interest in future librarians and archivists. The poster will outline the overall process this project took, and highlight the challenges and the lessons learned. Attendees will walk away with tools to start their own conversations and create digital collections alongside different departments, learn the benefits and drawbacks of working with different departments in an archival project which makes underrepresented communities more visible, and take a closer look at how a digital collection is made at Grand Valley State University.

Intimacies, Relationships and Socialities:South Asians and Racialist America in the Early Twentieth Century Ahmed Afzal (bio) STRANGER INTIMACY: Contesting Race, Sexuality, and the Law in the North American West. By Nayan Shah. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2011. BENGALI HARLEM AND THE LOST HISTORIES OF SOUTH ASIAN AMERICA. By Vivek Bald. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2013. COOLIE WOMAN: The Odyssey of Indenture. By Gaiutra Bahadur. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 2014. Much of the scholarly research on South Asian Americans has focused on the post-1965 period. The landmark U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Act of [End Page 59] 1965 abandoned prior legislation that had used race as the basis of immigration to the United States. The 1965 legislation also discarded the national origins quota system that had favored European immigration and severely restricted Asian immigration to the United States until the end of World War II. Following the passage of the 1965 Act, Asia became a major source of immigration to the United States.1 Interdisciplinary studies about the South Asian experience have documented diasporic and transnational community formations and illuminated issues such as racism, class, gender roles, sexuality, and religious and national belonging. Pre-1965 South Asian immigration to North America has received comparatively little attention. Anthropologist and historian Karen Leonard’s Making Ethnic Choices: California’s Punjabi Mexican Americans (Temple University Press, 1992), historian Joan M. Jensen’s Passage from India: Asian Indian Immigrants in North America (Harvard University Press, 1988) and anthropologists Norman Buchignani and Doreen M. Indra’s Continuous Journey: A Social History of South Asians in Canada (McClelland and Stewart, 1985) are among the few book-length studies that have documented the South Asian immigrant experience in North America in the early twentieth century. This scholarship has focused on the mostly Punjabi agricultural workers in rural California, the U.S. Southwest, and Canada. The three books reviewed in this essay build on the above pioneering scholarship and also greatly expand our understanding of the diversity and breadth of pre-1965 South Asian immigrant experiences. Bengali Harlem and the Lost Histories of South Asian America (2013) by comparative media studies scholar Vivek Bald elaborates the experiences of the mostly Bengali Muslim men who were peddlers and merchants in New Orleans and ex-seamen in New York during the early decades of the twentieth century. In Stranger Intimacy: Contesting Race, Sexuality, and the Law in the North American West (2011), historian Nayan Shah explores the everyday life of South Asian farm workers in Canada, California, and the American Southwest. Journalist Gaiutra Bahadur’s Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture (2014) documents the experiences of male and female indentured laborers who traveled to the Caribbean and South America for work on sugar and rubber plantations. These three exemplary and eminently readable books are essential contributions to the literature on South Asians in the Americas, critical race and gender theory, and early twentieth century American history. The meticulous research yields a multitude of surprises and rewards for the reader. These books provide important insights into the political economy of international population movements in the shadow of severely restrictive, if not prohibitive, racialized immigration policies.2 Indeed, the two empires—Great Britain and the United States—provide a critical historical backdrop for understanding the economic circuits that structured South Asian migration. This scholarship shows how race, gender, sexuality, and the law were complexly intertwined in shaping pre-1965 South Asian immigrant experiences. [End Page 60] In spite of such important interventions, it is the exploration of intimacies, relationships, and socialities that makes these books deeply compelling, thoroughly engaging, and richly textured. In this review, I focus on this troika found in the three books as a lens for illuminating South Asian immigrant experiences in the late nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. In so doing, the discussion here focuses on the production, transgression, and contestations of attachments, engagements, and community interactions that developed among mobile populations, and were shaped by a range of “verbal and gestural cues, ethnical codes, and cultural frames” (Shah 55). As Nayan Shah notes in Stranger Intimacy, “migratory work and transportation crossroads produced environments of compulsory sociality, but...

Ruskin and Venice by Jeanne Clegg, London: Junction Books, 1981, 233 pp., 11 ills, £12.50John Ruskin's Modern Painters I and II: A Phenomenological Analysis by Geoffrey F. DeSylva, Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1981, 286 pp., £27.50Art and Society: Ruskin in Sheffield 1876 by Robert Hewison, Guild of St George, 1981, 23 pp., £1.50New Approaches to Ruskin: Thirteen Essays ed. Robert Hewison, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, 229 pp., 6 ills, £10.95The Ruskin Polygon: Essays on the Imagination of John Ruskin ed. John Dixon Hunt and Faith Holland, Manchester University Press, 1982, 284 pp., 66 ills, £30Studies in Ruskin: Essays in Honor of Van Akin Burd ed. Robert Rhodes and Del Ivan Janik, Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1982, 224 pp., 7 ills, £17.85The Wider Sea: A Life of John Ruskin by John Dixon Hunt, London: Dent, 1982, 512 pp., £15.95John Ruskin: Letters from the Continent 1858 ed. John Hayman, University of Toronto Press, 1982, 207 pp., 12 ills, £19.50John Ruskin and Alfred Hunt: New Letters and a Record of their Friendship ed. Robert Secor, Victoria, Canada: English Literary Studies, University of Victoria, 1982, 136 pp., 10 ills, £5The Poison Sky: Myth and Apocalypse in Ruskin by Raymond E. Fitch, Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1982, 722 pp., 26 ills, £21Ruskin and the Art of the Beholder by Elizabeth K. Heisinger, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1982, 342 pp., 26 ills, £20Ruskin, The Critical Heritage, ed. J.L. Bradley, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984, 436 pp., £18.95Ruskin and St Mark's, by John Unrau, London: Thames & Hudson, 1984, 240 pp., 166 ills, £12.50

Trade and Navigation between Spain and the Indies in the Time of the Hapsburgs. By Clarence Henry Haring, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of History in Yale University. [Harvard Economic Studies, vol. XIX.] (Cambridge: Harvard University Press; London: Humphrey Milford. 1918. Pp. xxviii, 3.71. $2.25) Get access Trade and Navigation between Spain and the Indies in the Time of the Hapsburgs. By Haring Clarence Henry, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of History in Yale University. [Harvard Economic Studies, vol. XIX.] (Cambridge: Harvard University Press; London: Humphrey Milford. 1918. Pp. xxviii, 371. $2.25.) Chas. H. Cunningham Chas. H. Cunningham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 25, Issue 2, January 1920, Pages 299–301, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/25.2.299 Published: 01 January 1920

Reviewed by: Jailed for Possession: Illegal Drug Use, Regulation, and Power in Canada, 1920-1961 Dan Malleck Catherine Carstairs . Jailed for Possession: Illegal Drug Use, Regulation, and Power in Canada, 1920-1961. Studies in Gender and History, no. 26. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. viii + 241 pp. Graphs. $55.00, £35.00 (cloth, 0-8020-9029-X); $24.95, £15.00 (paperbound, 0-8020-9372-8). Catherine Carstairs, assistant professor of history at the University of Guelph, argues that Canada's heavy policing and increased scrutiny of drug users intensified the marginalization of this group. Increased surveillance and enforcement, she claims, led drug users to take increasingly dangerous risks, which in turn led to more invasive enforcement methods. For example, intravenous heroin replaced the more bulky smoking opium because it was harder to detect. Users began carrying their drugs in their mouths rather than in their pockets and swallowing them when they feared being apprehended, which led police to put suspected users in choke holds to stop them from swallowing. And so the riskiness escalated. Carstairs bases much of her examination upon a rich collection of files and studies of convicted drug users from the 1930s to the 1960s. The bulk of this evidence comes from the Division of Narcotic Control case files that were reportedly made for every person whom the Division identified as a drug user, and from Royal Canadian Mounted Police records. She supplements this with an equally impressive set of sociological studies done in prisons and institutions (such as the Oakalla Prison Farm), and the records of the John Howard Society of British Columbia. Together, these records provide a valuable view into the policing of drug users, and the lives of apprehended and convicted drug users. Drug users developed their culture, with its own coded language and even rites of passage, in conscious reaction to the increasing intensity of police surveillance. As police training and techniques expanded through the time under examination, so did the extent and indeed desperation of the users. As this culture developed, users found that they could not identify with "square johns" (non–drug users), and those who attempted to quit drugs found the square-john lifestyle difficult to live. Much of this, of course, had to do with power. While poor, underclass users were the targets of much persecution, narcotics officials were less successful in policing physicians. In the 1920s and 1930s some futile efforts were made to convict physicians who provided opiates to users—yet drug-enforcement officials [End Page 483] remained lenient toward doctors who gave addicted patients maintenance doses; doctors' cultural authority was growing, and it was a fool's errand for enforcement officials to attempt to tell doctors how they should prescribe. This permitted an increased interest in treatment through methadone maintenance, and what was ostensibly the first methadone maintenance program in North America was opened by the Narcotics Addiction Foundation of British Columbia in 1955. Policing is one way in which users interacted with mainstream society; social work was another. Social workers at the John Howard Society attempted to provide practical, nonjudgmental assistance to users who were trying to live the square-john life. While these social workers often made assumptions and observations that belied the paternalism of the liberal gaze, they did provide an example of how helping users might be better than convicting them. Since users might be less guarded in their interactions with social workers, these records further reiterate the effects that heavy policing had on the lives and culture of addicts. While there is much here to be lauded, there are a few areas where the work seems to stretch a bit. Although Carstairs acknowledges that the records she is using are more apt to provide a view of policing practices than of actual usage rates and demographics, her general conclusions about the effects of policing on users seem to miss this point. Moreover, she has a tendency toward vague moralizing that seems unnecessary. At the end of her otherwise excellent and detailed chapter on policing that shows quite ably the escalating cycle of enforcement techniques and reactions to them, she observes that the "violence and invasiveness" of the policing practices...