About this Book

The Windows is most popular operating system in the market. But it is not more secure than Linux, it is not high reliable, it does not provides hardware flexibility and better choices, it does not reliable. But it is more user friendly operating system due to its attractive GUI. Different software programs are designed for different operating systems, and most will not work on systems that they were designed. So many of the companies are migrated from Windows to Linux. So this paper examines the survey of Windows to Linux migration with wine. Wine is reimplementation of Windows API. It also has a unique architecture. It implements as a compatibility layer over a Unix-like kernel which allows Unix-like operating system to run 32 bit application of Windows with wine and its libraries. Organizations consider migrating to Linux to reduce costs and increase and improve stability, security, uptime, and availability.

Objective: To determine the digital skills among students of the master’s program in Palliative Care and Pain Management at Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos School of Medicine in 2022.Materials and methods: A non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional research. The study population was comprised of students of the master’s program in Palliative Care and Pain Management enrolled in the year 2022. A non-probability sample was used. Data were collected through the survey “Digital Skills in Higher Education Questionnaire” (CDES), consisting of 46 indicators distributed in five factors with a reliability of 0.96 according to Cronbach’s alpha. Data confidentiality and participants’ autonomy were respected.Results: The final sample was made up of 59 students, the average age was 38.03 years and 76.3 % were women. All students had a personal computer and Internet access. The descriptive analysis showed that the “very important” rating prevailed: 49.2 % for the “digital citizenship” factor, 47.5 % for the “communication and collaboration” factor, 45.8 % for the “creativity and innovation” and the “access and use of information” factors, and 44.1 % for the “digital literacy” factor. According to the digital skills global analysis, 49.2 % and 42.4 % chose the “very important” and “important” ratings, respectively. There were no results for the “not at all important” rating. Conclusions: All students had a personal computer and Internet access, which confirms the growing interest in including aspects related to digital skills in university education. The “digital literacy” and the “digital citizenship” factors had a lower and higher rating, respectively, compared to the other factors. A total of 91.6 % of the students considered that digital skills are important and very important, which could be considered as highly favorable.

The need for the visual presentation of material is increasing. While static graphs, images and charts can convey information in a thorough manner, is of greater demand. Whether it be a tutorial for a software package, an online course for training, or a presentation of research material, nothing surpasses as a tool for delivering information to your audience. Traditionally capture on personal computers has been done in hardware. Normally an add-on board called a video capture card had to be installed. Software solutions are also available at cost, which almost always interfere with the rest of the processes running on a system. At Northrop Grumman the software models we develop are normally highly complex and resource — intensive. Nearly everything runs on Linux, with some of the servers having as much as twenty four processors and terabytes of volatile memory. Explaining to the customer what the results of my research are can be challenging at times. Scientific data visualization is a must, however it is often presented as static pie charts, bar graphs and line charts. With a tightening defense budget, reducing cost is an important goal. A process has been developed for capturing on a Linux based system for no cost. All of the tools are freely available (some conform to the General Public License) and the impact on the operating system is little to none at all. The catalyst is the notion that Linux systems use X, whose entire windowing information is available at any given time. This information is simply copied to an alternate location in real-time. The postprocessing of the window information involves conversion of geometric data to image data. The individual images are then glued together and can be encoded with a variety of freely available codecs (including DivX, Mpeg1 and WMV). The resulting videos have been successful in demonstrating proof of concept. Also, it is of great use as a tool for communicating with end — users. Because of its minimal resource utilization on a system, it can run as a background process while the end-user operates the foreground application. The resulting of the end-user's actions are played back, and the human-error is quickly realized and corrected. This is exceptionally useful in dangerous, high stress combat environments. The end-results of this process have been successfully demonstrated to a captive audience and received much interest. This paper serves to convey the research involved and share it with the IEEE community. This process allows the end-user to capture real-time on Linux for entertainment, informative and instructional use.

Improvements in the software that provides hardware management, user interface and platform functions have played a central role in the growth and transformation of the personal computer (PC) industry. Several forces shape the design of these 'operating system' products and propel their evolution over time, including: A. The need to efficiently manage the interacting components of PC systems so as to keep pace with rapid advances in computer technologies the development of applications software. B. The need to maintain compatibility with existing applications while preserving the flexibility to incorporate additional functions that support new applications. C. The desire to economize on customer support costs and assign clear responsibility for making the interacting components of the PC work together. D. The desire to bundle multiple software features into a single package so as to more effectively meet the demand for complementary applications or reduce the diversity in product valuations among consumers. We analyze these forces and the factors that determine whether and when new features and functions are included in commercial operating system products. We also explain how this integration and bundling spurs growth in the PC industry and fosters innovation.

The Bulgarian-Ukrainian master's degree program for double degree between D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria and Vasyl` Stus Donetsk National University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine was approved in 2017. In the academic year 2017/2018 the first alumni of Ukrainian students was accepted, and in the academic year 2019/2020, respectively the second class of Ukrainian students was admitted. The curriculum includes three semesters of full-time study, of which the first and third are provided by the Ukrainian partner, and the second semester - by the Bulgarian side. Each semester includes compulsory or elective courses, which lead to the accumulation of 30 ECTS credits. The training is in the field of social sciences, professional field "Economics", specialty "Finance" in the master's program "International Financial Management". Teaching and learning documentation is in English only. On the Bulgarian side, all training courses are provided with textbooks prepared by members of the Department of Finance and Banking, which are available in electronic and paper format. Each Ukrainian student is provided with a free set of textbooks by the Bulgarian partner. The first two semesters of the training are in academic disciplines, ending with an exam. In the third semester there is an undergraduate internship, scientific guidance and review of the thesis. The end of the training is a public defense of a thesis. The theses are defended via video conferencing through Microsoft Teams between Svishtov and Vinnytsia. For the purposes of their holding, two composition of state examination commissions is determined. Each graduate has two supervisors - respectively from the Bulgarian and Ukrainian side. All graduates prepare presentations on their master's theses and answer questions posed in their reviews. The review is by the Ukrainian department, as the representatives of the Bulgarian partner participate in the stage of public defense, ask questions and agree on the final assessments. The training of the first class of Ukrainian students in 2018 is conducted in person, and for the second semester Ukrainian students carry out mobility from Vinnytsia, Ukraine to Svishtov, Bulgaria. In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, the training of the second class of Ukrainian students in the spring of 2020 is conducted through a system of distance learning and distance taking exams at the D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria (dl.uni-svishtov.bg). Thus, students are trained to acquire 30 ECTS credits by participating in lectures, preparing semester assignments and taking an exam in a Moodle environment. Completion of the study process through successful graduation is the basis for the issuance by the two partner universities of academic transcripts certifying the periods of study and the achieved exam results. Following the exchange of these documents, committees of lecturers and administrators apply the regulations of the Erasmus + program in the part of student mobility for educational purposes. On this basis, the Ministries of Education and Science in Sofia and Kiev electronically submit information on each Ukrainian student trained for a double degree, reflecting the subjects taken and the respective grades. On the Bulgarian side, the Ministry of Education and Science issued a hologram sticker confirming the successful graduation of Ukrainian students. The Bulgarian diplomas are signed by the Rector of the D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria and the Dean of the Faculty of Finance, and the state seal is affixed to them. After their official signing, the diplomas are sent to a teacher with mobility under the Erasmus + program at Vasyl` Stus Donetsk National University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine. Graduates put their handwritten signatures on the title page under a duly updated photo, and the diploma formed with all the necessary details is scanned and digitized for electronic storage on a server of D.A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria and the Ministry of Education and Science at the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Bulgaria. The main conclusion of the scientific report, which presents the step-by-step the know-how, the organization and the conduction of a double degree study process between EU and non-EU countries, is that due to ECTS and Erasmus + program all significant obstacles to such project for international educational partnership projects can be overcome. Under the constraints of the Covid-19 pandemic, the learning process can once again be provided on the basis of university E-learning and distance learning platforms and video conference channels such as BBB, Microsoft Teams or Zoom.

An upper bound model for TCP and UDP throughput in IPv4 and IPv6

Android is currently the most popular Operating System (OS) which is widespreadly installed on mobile phones, smart TVs and other wearable devices. Due to its overwhelming market share, Android attracts the attentions from many attackers. Reverse Engineering technology plays an important role in the field of Android security, such as cracking applications, malware analysis, software protection, etc. By deploying anti-debugging technology on Android applications, this paper designs and implements a reinforcement scheme for Android software with comprehensive utilization of encryption, dynamic loading and shell technologies. Evaluated the performance on different aspects, the proposed scheme can work effectively for android software protection.

The Pilot operating system is designed for the personal computing environment. It provides a basic set of services within which higher-level programs can more easily serve the user and/or communicate with other programs on other machines. Pilot omits certain functions sometimes associated with “complete” operating systems, such as character-string naming or user-command interpretation; higher-level software provides such facilities as needed. On the other hand, Pilot provides a higher level of service than that normally associated with the “kernel” or “nucleus” of an operating system. Pilot is closely coupled to the Mesa programming language and runs on a rather powerful personal computer, which would have been thought sufficient to support a substantial timesharing system of a few years ago. The primary user interface is a high resolution bit-map display, with a keyboard and a pointing device. Secondary storage generally takes the form of a sizable local disk. A local packet network provides a high bandwidth connection to other personal computers, and to server systems offering such remote services as printing and shared file storage.Much of the design of Pilot stems from an initial set of assumptions and goals rather different from those underlying most timesharing systems. Pilot is a single-language, single-user system, with only limited features for protection and resource allocation. Pilot's protection mechanisms are defensive, rather than absolute, since in a single user system, errors are a more serious problem than maliciousness. Similarly, Pilot's resource allocation features are not oriented toward enforcing fair distribution of scarce resources among contending parties.

Performance of personal computers has been increasing steadily since their introduction in the early eighties. Personal computers available today employ technologies that were not long ago exclusively used on super computers and main-frames. One of the most recent developments in the personal computer technology is the usage of multiprocessors in order to increase the computing power. However, since it is known that computing power increase is not directly proportional to the number of processors, the performance increase gained from additional processors is difficult to predict. Many researchers claim that personal computer technology, based on Intel x86 design, has scaling problems when multiple processors are used. Computer manufacturers so far have failed to provide reliable information related to scaling problems. In order to analyze the performance gain from an additional processor in a personal computer and to study the performance dependence of the computer architecture on the operating system, a dual processor computer system was designed and built from the functional blocks available on the market. The fast Fourier transform algorithm was adopted and modified, to be used as the computation intensive performance indicator. The FFT algorithm was run on the designed two-processor system under Windows NT Workstation version 4.0, and Linux version 2.0 with and without the use of the threading techniques and the performance gain due to the second processor was determined. It was observed that the addition of the second processor resulted in the maximum speedup of 1.91 under Windows NT and 1.67 under Linux, when the threading techniques were used. Furthermore it was observed that without the use of the threading, the addition of the second processor, under specific conditions, impaired the system's performance. The paper presents the details of the performance study.

Extending a stand-alone personal computer to integrate multiple operating systems concurrently

Page deduplication is a mechanism to reduce the memory footprint of a system. Identical physical pages are identified across borders of virtual machines and programs and merged by the operating system or the hypervisor. However, this enables side-channel information leakage through cache or memory access time. Therefore, it is considered harmful in public clouds today, but it is still considered safe to use in a private environment, i.e., private clouds, personal computers, and smartphones. We present the first memory-disclosure attack in sandboxed Javascript which exploits page deduplication. Unlike previous attacks, our attack does not require the victim to execute an adversary's program, but simply to open a website which contains the adversary's Javascript code. We are not only able to determine which applications are running, but also specific user activities, for instance, whether the user has specific websites currently opened. The attack works on servers, personal computers and smartphones, and across the borders of virtual machines.

IBM's introduction of the Personal System/2 (PS/2) personal computers and the Operating System/2 (OS/2) are part of an overall Systems Application Architecture (SAA) plan aimed at bringing all lines of computers from PCs to mainframes closer together. Since the benefits of IBM's proprietary PS/2 technology is presently unclear, the decision to purchase IBM's PS/2 or third-party "clones" should be based primarily on price versus performance. The introduction of OS/2 is a true performance breakthrough, but its benefits will not be seen until new applications are developed to take advantage of the new features.

Against the “Networked Information Economy”: Rethinking Decentralization, Community, and Free Software Development Ben Roberts (bio) The free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS) movement is often cited as an example of fundamental changes in production associated with the rise of information networks. Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams see it as an example of wikinomics, a powerful new form of economic production based on sharing and self-organization.1 Yochai Benkler argues that the form of social or peer production evident in FLOSS can compete with or even displace traditional forms of capitalist organization and sees it as a symptom of the “networked information economy,” replacing the “industrial information economy,” which has been in force since the late-nineteenth century.2 The main feature of this networked information economy is the much greater role within it for decentralized individual action.3 This essay contests this broadly liberal take on the significance of the free software movement. It argues that Benkler is typical of an approach that tends to view the Internet as the primary enabler of decentralization (for example, in the form of decentralized software development). Of course, it would be foolish to discount the role that networks have played in the success of FLOSS. But, as I will argue, an examination of its history suggests that its origins can’t be entirely accounted for in purely technological and economic grounds. The proponents of such an approach often resist the claim that their focus on networks is technologically determinist,4 arguing that the network itself is shaped by social and cultural factors. However, this makes the explanatory power of networks rather circular: the existence of networks explains social and cultural behavior at the same time as being explained by it. The explanation of free software in terms of the economic properties of networks is simply too static and asocial; it serves to explain how a particular mode of production can functionally compete with the market without really being able to account for how this change has come about. In particular, as I will show, the marginalization [End Page 385] of the question of labor in theories of peer production disconnects the analysis from wider changes in the nature of economic production. Moreover, the emphasis on the empowerment of individuals ignores the possibility that decentralization consists in radical new forms of sociality and collectivity, something that can perhaps be seen in the communities built around particular free software projects. As I will argue, Gilbert Simondon’s concept of individuation may help inform a better understanding of the emergence of such free software communities. From the perspective of a nonprogrammer, it is easiest to understand the concept of FLOSS by explaining how proprietary software such as Microsoft Windows is distributed. The operating system and applications that users run on their personal computers (PCs) are most often compiled software. The creators of the application have written the code in any one of a number of different human-readable programming languages; this program is known as the source code. The source code is then converted by another program known as a compiler into object or binary code, which is a machine-readable version of the program executed when the application is run on a PC. Binary, or object, code is the form in which software is most often distributed to users, either on installation media such as compact discs (CDs), installed on a computing device before sale or, increasingly, downloaded over the Net. The end user of proprietary software created and distributed in this fashion has no access to the original source code and is therefore unable to alter, change, or fix the software running on their machine: in the words of Bob Young, the former chief executive officer (CEO) of open source software company Red Hat, purchasing proprietary software is like buying a “car with the hood welded shut.”5 In addition to the absence of source code, proprietary software is usually distributed under the terms of a highly restrictive software license. In effect, the applications run by a user remain the property of the software maker and may be used only under the terms of this contract. Typically, the license prevents sharing...

In this paper we describe the application of a personal digital assistant (PDA) or pocket PC as an effective communication device to telemonitor levels of asthma triggering gases collected from a remote location under test to a workstation which has a personal computer (PC) running on Windows XP® as the operating system. The Bluetooth® features of the PDA are explored to transmit data collected by a Direct™ Sense Tox toxic gas monitor equipped with five toxic gas probes and one temperature sensor in real time, thereby making this telemonitoring system an innovative instrument in monitoring levels of asthma triggering gases in the El Paso-border metropolitan region, a region in which asthma is highly prevalent especially in children. At the workstation or fixed location these readings are displayed using a custom made, user friendly graphical user interface (GUI) developed using software tools like action scripting with Macromedia® Flash™. The growing advancement in technology and ever diminishing sizes of handheld devices encouraged us to opt for this configuration. Moreover, the PDA and toxic gas monitor were also chosen for their light weight, portability, flexibility, low cost and data collection and transmission capabilities.

The data transmission scheme between a transmission control protocol/internet protocol (TCP/IP) network port and a serial port based on an ARM embedded system is introduced in the paper. The data transmission between a personal computer (PC) and remote equipment through an Internet is realized. The structure of a hardware platform is simply introduced, the cutting and transplant of operating system, the communication program design of the network port and the serial port and the cross compiling between the two ports are introduced in detail. The AT91SAM9261 chip of ATMEL Corporation is employed as the embedded board of a kernel processor. The Redhat9 Linux operating system is employed as a software development platform, an ARM-Linux operating system is employed as a program operation platform and the kernel version is Linux-2.6.2. The C program is used and an ARM-Linux-GNU tool chain is used for the cross compiling. The experimental result proves that the real-time, parallel full duplex data transmission between the network port and the serial port is realized by the scheme provided in the paper.