Action methods for faster transformation: Relationality in action

The European Datum 1950 (ED50) of the Turkish national geodetic network (TNGN) and the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) of the Turkish national fundamental GPS network (TNFGN) are in use as geodetic reference frames in Turkey. According to the use of two reference systems, it is necessary to transform the three-dimensional (3D) coordinate data from ED50 to WGS84 or vice versa. The seven-parameter similarity transformation method is frequently used for 3D coordinate transformation in geodesy. In this study, a back propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) that has been more widely applied in engineering among all other neural network models is evaluated as an alternative 3D coordinate transformation method. BPANN is compared with a popular seven-parameter similarity transformation (Molodensky-Badekas) method over a test area, in terms of root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicated that the employment of BPANN transformed 3D coordinates (X, Y, Z) more accurate than Molodensky-Badekas method and can be useful for 3D coordinate transformation between ED50 and WGS84. Key words: 3D coordinate transformation, back propagation artificial neural network, seven-parameter similarity transformation, BPANN, Molodensky-Badekas.

Rapid DNA transformation in Salmonella Typhimurium by the hydrogel exposure method

The q-homotopy analysis transform method (q-HATM) is based on the combination of q-HAM with various transformation methods, viz. Laplace transform, Sumudu transform, Elzaki transform, and Aboodh transform. Nowadays, these methods, namely q-homotopy analysis Laplace transform method (q-HALTM), q-homotopy analysis Sumudu transform method (q-HASTM), q-homotopy analysis Elzaki transform method (q-HAETM), and q-homotopy analysis Aboodh transform method (q-HAATM), are getting popular to the researchers for handling different types of differential equations. These methods address two problems here, namely linear one-dimensional fractional heat-like equation and nonlinear fractional advection equations. It can be observed that, depending on the problem with appropriate control parameters, q-HATM can also provide the exact solution.

Traditional forced response calculations for adjacent blade rows without a common divisor demand full annular transient simulations. This typically results in large and often impractical computational costs during development. The present article discusses an approach to reduce this cost using a signal-patching routine on a transonic axial turbine. Additionally, the potential for further reduction of computational cost by means of time domain flow transformation methods is investigated. The methods assessed are profile transformation, time inclination and Fourier methods, all within ANSYS CFX. Comparisons are made for the vector components of blade force harmonics, generalised force and computational costs. The computational cost can be reduced to 40% and 5% of the full annular simulation with signal patching or time domain flow transformation methods respectively. The signal-patching and transformation methods applied result in an error of 10% and 15% of generalised force respectively.

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Analytical reverse projection is introduced and is shown to offer an improvement in applicability and accuracy over other techniques of single-image photogrammetry, including plane-to-plane transformation and camera reverse-projection methods. A comparison of the methods is made on the basis of a single case of reconstructing missing tire tracks on a roadway intersection. Advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">THIS PAPER REVIEWS non-graphical techniques used to make measurements of features imaged in a single photograph. Two formulations of the plane-to-plane transformation method are re viewed, the camera reverse-projection technique is presented, and a third technique, called the analytical reverse-projection method, is introduced.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Following a review of the various methods, including an indication of their advantages and disadvantages, each method is applied to the problem of relocating a set of tire tracks in an intersection. The results of each method are compared to one another and to the actual tracks.</div>

This paper reports a study that has established the possibility of improving the effectiveness of the method of figurative transformations in order to minimize symmetrical Boolean functions in the main and polynomial bases. Prospective reserves in the analytical method were identified, such as simplification of polynomial function conjuncterms using the created equivalent transformations based on the method of inserting the same conjuncterms followed by the operation of super-gluing the variables. The method of figurative transformations was extended to the process of minimizing the symmetrical Boolean functions with the help of algebra in terms of rules for simplifying the functions of the main and polynomial bases and developed equivalent transformations of conjuncterms. It was established that the simplification of symmetric Boolean functions by the method of figurative transformations is based on a flowchart with repetition, which is the actual truth table of the assigned function. This is a sufficient resource to minimize symmetrical Boolean functions that makes it possible to do without auxiliary objects, such as Karnaugh maps, cubes, etc. The perfect normal form of symmetrical functions can be represented by binary matrices that would represent the terms of symmetrical Boolean functions and the OR or XOR operation for them. The experimental study has confirmed that the method of figurative transformations that employs the 2-(n, b)-design, and 2-(n, x/b)-design combinatorial systems improves the efficiency of minimizing symmetrical Boolean functions. Compared to analogs, this makes it possible to enhance the productivity of minimizing symmetrical Boolean functions by 100‒200 %. There are grounds to assert the possibility of improving the effectiveness of minimizing symmetrical Boolean functions in the main and polynomial bases by the method of figurative transformations. This is ensured, in particular, by using the developed equivalent transformations of polynomial function conjuncterms based on the method of inserting similar conjuncterms followed by the operation of super-gluing the variables.

A transformation method was investigated for applying the MIPD absorbed fraction to internal dose calculations for an individual. The transformation method consists of two parts: transformation of the target organ mass, and of the distance between source and target organs. The variation of the specific absorbed fraction with distance in the human body was approximated with the traditional exponential form. To examine the transformation method, experiments were carried out for cobalt-60 gamma rays, using LiF-TLD, with the thyroid and ovaries as source organs. The transformed values of the MIRD absorbed fractions agree well with the experimental values. Some results obtained from the MIRD values by these transformation methods were also compared with those for younger age groups calculated by Snyder.

Gene transformation can be done in direct and indirect (Agrobacterium-mediated) ways. The most efficient method of gene transformation to date is Agrobacterium-mediated method. The main problem of Agrobacterium-method is that some plant species and mutant lines are recalcitrant to regeneration. Requirements for sterile conditions for plant regeneration are another problem of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Development of genotype-independent gene transformation method is of great interest in many plants. Some tissue culture-independent Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation methods are reported in individual plants and crops. Generally, these methods are called in planta gene transformation. In planta transformation methods are free from somaclonal variation and easier, quicker, and simpler than tissue culture-based transformation methods. Vacuum infiltration, injection of Agrobacterium culture to plant tissues, pollen-tube pathway, floral dip and floral spray are the main methods of in planta transformation. Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. Simplicity and reliability are the primary reasons for the popularity of the in planta methods. These methods are much quicker than regular tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation and success can be achieved by non-experts. In the present review, we highlight all methods of in planta transformation comparing them with regular tissue culture-based Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods and then recently successful transformations using these methods are presented.

Fault analysis and resolution of faults should be part of any end-to-end system development process. This paper is concerned with developing a formal transformation method that maps control flows modeled in UML Activities to semantically equivalent Fault Trees. The transformation method developed features the use of propositional calculus and probability theory. Fault Propagation Chains are introduced to facilitate the transformation method. An overarching metamodel comprised of transformations between models is developed and is applied to an understood Traffic Management System of Systems problem to demonstrate the approach. In this way, the relational structure of the system behavior model is reflected in the structure of the Fault Tree. The paper concludes with a discussion of limitations of the transformation method and proposes approaches to extend it to object flows, State Machines and functional allocations.

This paper develops Mean and Range control charts in fuzzy environment using different transformation methods. It is assumed that the observations of each sample are fuzzy random variables, which have triangular membership functions. After calculating fuzzy mean and fuzzy range of each sample using fuzzy arithmetic, their representative values are calculated exploiting the transformation methods. Then, using statistical properties of the obtained representative values and basic structure of Shewhart control charts, new Mean and Range control charts are constructed to monitor the process mean and variation. After that, the power of control charts constructed based on different transformation methods are examined applying average run length ARL criterion. According to this criterion, it is concluded that, contrary to the previous claim, these different transformation methods lead to mean and rang control charts with various performances. Moreover, it is represented that the value of α --level has significant influence on the performance of obtained control charts. Finally, it is derived that incorporating fuzziness into observations results in less powerful control charts.

Nonstationary time series transformation methods: An experimental review

Digital noise signal synthesis methods have good scalability and flexibility, and can be divided into table look-up and transform methods depending on the implementation method. The accuracy of noise distribution synthesized by the look-up table method is limited by the storage depth, on the other hand, the maximum synthesis speed of the transform method is limited by the hardware computation speed. In this paper, we propose a new implementation method for digital noise signal synthesis, which divides the noise output into high probability intervals and low probability intervals by probability. The high probability interval noise generation is based on the look-up table method, and the low probability interval noise generation is based on the transformation method for real-time computation. The method is validated experimentally in terms of distribution accuracy, storage space occupation and output speed. The results show that the method has higher output accuracy than the look-up table method and faster output speed compared to the transformation method.

In order to examine using cadastral maps as base maps for aerial orthophotos, two different 2D transformation methods were applied between various coordinate systems. Study area was chosen from Kagithane district in Istanbul. The used data is an orthophoto (30 cm spatial resolution), and cadastral map (1:1000) taken from land office, containing the same region. Transformation methods are chosen as; 1st Order Polynomial Transformation and Helmert 2D Transformation within this study. The test points, used to determine the coefficients between the datums, were 26 common traverse points and the check points, used to compare the transformed coordinates to reliable true coordinates, were 10 common block corners. The transformation methods were applied using Matlab software. After applying the methods, residuals were calculated and compared between each transformation method in order to use cadastral maps as reliable vector data.

The transformation method has been proposed as a practical tool for the simulation and the analysis of systems with uncertain, fuzzy-valued model parameters using fuzzy arithmetic. Up to now, this method has been available in two forms: in a general form, which can be used for the simulation and the analysis of arbitrarily non-monotonic problems, and in a reduced form, which reduces the computational costs of the method to a large extent, but requires, instead, an additional condition to be fulfilled. In this paper, the extended transformation method will be introduced as an advanced version of the previously presented formulations of the transformation method. This extended version includes the former versions as marginal cases and allows a pre-adjustment of the method subject to the number of model parameters that are expected to cause non-monotonic behavior of the model output. Furthermore, to set up the method properly, a novel approach, again based on the transformation method, is presented to practically detect those parameters that are responsible for a non-monotonic behavior of the model output. Finally, to show its effectiveness, the method is applied to a static and a dynamic model with uncertain parameters.

The paper solves the scientific problem of developing a method algorithm for the study of nonlinear dynamic systems. To increase the accuracy and speed of calculations, the paper proposes an algorithm for the hybrid method of transformations for the study of nonlinear mathematical models of a polynomial structure. The paper presents a method of polynomial transformations for the study of systems with three degrees of freedom, a study of a nonlinear vibration protection system with three degrees of freedom is carried out. The paper presents a hybrid numerical-analytical method for the analysis of nonlinear mathematical models of a general polynomial structure, which makes it possible to study systems with controlled accuracy while reducing the resource intensity of calculations. The method introduces additional complex exponential variables, formulas for calculating the transformation coefficients and the transformed system are presented. An analytical solution is constructed for the transformed system in the resonant and nonresonant cases. For the economical calculation of the right parts of the polynomial structure, formulas are presented and it is proposed to apply Pan's scheme with preliminary processing of the coefficients. The developed algorithm of the method of polynomial transformations makes it possible to construct an approximate analytical solution, taking into account the nonlinear components of higher degrees of the polynomial. The proposed algorithm of the method makes it possible to study the dynamic characteristics of the object under study, special cases of subharmonic, polyharmonic regimes, determine extreme regimes, and resonance with controlled accuracy. The above algorithm is implemented in the created software package using the modern object-oriented programming language C#. The proposed method makes it possible to carry out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of models of dynamic systems.