Active Salient Component Classifier System on LocalFeatures for Image Retrieval

Dimensionality reduction (DR) of image features plays an important role in image retrieval and classification tasks. Recently, two types of methods have been proposed to improve both the accuracy and efficiency for the dimensionality reduction problem. One uses Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to describe the image distribution on the space of base matrix. Another one for dimension reduction trains a subspace projection matrix to project original data space into some low-dimensional subspaces which have deep architecture, so that the low-dimensional codes would be learned. At the same time, the graph based similarity learning algorithm which tries to exploit contextual information for improving the effectiveness of image rankings is also proposed for image class and retrieval problem. In this paper, after above two methods mentioned are utilized to reduce the high-dimensional features of images respectively, we learn the graph based similarity for the image classification problem. This paper compares the proposed approach with other approaches on an image database.

Several Deep Learning (DL) and medical image Machine Learning (ML) methods have been investigated for efficient data representations of medical images, such as image classification, Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR), and image segmentation. CBIR helps medical professionals make decisions by retrieving similar cases and images from electronic medical image databases. CBIR needs expressive data representations for similar image identification and knowledge discovery in massive medical image databases explored by distinct algorithmic methods. In this study, an Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning-Driven Retinal Fundus Image Grading and Retrieval (IWOADL-RFIGR) approach was developed. The presented IWOADL-RFIGR method mainly focused on retrieving and classifying retinal fundus images. The proposed IWOADL-RFIGR method used the Bilateral Filtering (BF) method to preprocess the retinal images, a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on scratch learning with Euclidean distance-based similarity measurement for image retrieval, and the Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) model for image classification. Finally, the IWOA was used as a hyperparameter optimization technique to improve overall performance. The experimental validation of the IWOADL-RFIGR model on a benchmark dataset exhibited better performance than other models.

In recent years, secure image archival and retrieval model in cloud computing (CC) received significant attention to ensure data confidentiality and secured data transmission among cloud server and clients cloud storage and users. Traditional secure image retrieval (IR) techniques are not applicable to adapt with a large-scale IR in cloud environment. In order to overcome these issues, this article introduces an effective secure IR scheme using Inception with ResNet v2 (SIRS-IR) and Multiple Share Creation (MSC) scheme. The proposed method uses Inception with ResNet v2 model based feature extraction process. At the same time, the MSC process is utilized for multiple share generation and then encryption of shares takes place using double chaotic logistic map (DLCM) technique. Besides, the encrypted shares and the respective feature vectors are saved in the cloud server with the corresponding image identification number. During the IR process for the applied QI, the SIRS-IR model extracts the feature vectors and performs similarity measurement to retrieve the related images from the database interms of encrypted shares. Finally, the share decryption process is carried out for the reconstruction of original images with no loss of quality. Extensive experimentations were performed to verify the retrieval performance and image quality of the reconstructed images using Corel10K dataset. The obtained results stated that the presented SIRS-IR model is found to be superior to other methods in a considerable way.

Problem statement: Recently, there has been a huge progress in collection of varied image databases in the form of digital. Most of the users found it difficult to search and retrieve required images in large collections. In order to provide an effective and efficient search engine tool, the system has been implemented. In image retrieval system, there is no methodologies have been considered directly to retrieve the images from databases. Instead of that, various visual features that have been considered indirect to retrieve the images from databases. In this system, one of the visual features such as texture that has been considered indirectly into images to extract the feature of the image. That featured images only have been considered for the retrieval process in order to retrieve exact desired images from the databases. Approach: The aim of this study is to construct an efficient image retrieval tool namely, “Content Based Medical Image Retrieval with Texture Content using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and k-Means Clustering algorithms”. This image retrieval tool is capable of retrieving images based on the texture feature of the image and it takes into account the Pre-processing, feature extraction, Classification and retrieval steps in order to construct an efficient retrieval tool. The main feature of this tool is used of GLCM of the extracting texture pattern of the image and k-means clustering algorithm for image classification in order to improve retrieval efficiency. The proposed image retrieval system consists of three stages i.e., segmentation, texture feature extraction and clustering process. In the segmentation process, preprocessing step to segment the image into blocks is carried out. A reduction in an image region to be processed is carried out in the texture feature extraction process and finally, the extracted image is clustered using the k-means algorithm. The proposed system is employed for domain specific based search engine for medical Images such as CT-Scan, MRI-Scan and X-Ray. Results: For retrieval efficiency calculation, conventional measures namely precision and recall were calculated using 1000 real time medical images (100 in each category) from the MATLAB Workspace database. For selected query images from the MATLAB-Image Processing tool Box-Workspace Database, the proposed tool was tested and the precision and recall results were presented. The result indicates that the tool gives better performance in terms of percentage for all the 1000 real time medical images from which the scalable performance of the system has been proved. Conclusion: This study proposed a model for the Content Based Medical Image Retrieval System by using texture feature in calculating the Gray Level Co Occurrence matrix (GLCM) from which various statistical measures were computed in order to increasing similarities between query image and database images for improving the retrieval performance along with the large scalability of the databases.

Image retrieval is a critical task in many fields such as indexing and Content-Based Image Retrieval is a tried and tested method for image retrieval. With advances in graphics and visualization techniques, image retrieval should be easy, quick and flexible. The aim of this work is to develop an efficient image indexing and retrieval system to collate similar images or images based on conditioned queries in the form of an image itself. The indexing method has been performed using wavelet transform and related mechanisms. Its detailing can easily entail description from a broad range to a narrow range. The indexing algorithm applies a Haar Wavelet-Based Perceptual Similarity Index (HaarPSI) for Image Quality Assessment. The HaarPSI utilizes the coefficients obtained from a Haar wavelet decomposition to assess local similarities between two images, as well as the relative importance of image areas. Results show that the algorithm used is able to retrieve and display images with high retrieval accuracy and medium relevance.The proposed methodology has been tested against known image retrieval techniques and was found to be comparable and in some cases better than most prior known techniques. The testing was performed on images of varied types, from multiple datasets and sizes. The accuracy was found to be 99% in most cases. All in all, this study introduces a simple and convenient way of offline image searches on desktop computers and provides a stepping stone to future content-based image retrieval systems built for similar purposes.

The classification of images has attracted significant attention due to its applications in several computer vision tasks, including satellite imaging, image analysis, surveillance, object recognition, and image retrieval. The primary objective of image classification is to provide class labels to images based on their content. The applications of imagery classification and analysis in remote sensing are significant since they are utilized in many sectors, including military and civilian areas. In satellite imagery, the challenge of image classification is heightened due to the rotation of objects inside a view and the typically varied background. This review paper discusses satellite image classification through various deep learning approaches, including its historical background and current approaches. It finds the most appropriate classification techniques for different types of satellite images and discusses the impact of preprocessing methods on classification accuracy. Moreover, a comparative analysis of several studies is given based on different parameters such as research objectives, used datasets, methods/algorithms, limitations, etc. Specific case studies that have significantly contributed to the understanding of satellite image classification are also discussed; further, an overview of challenges and future research directions in this field is also provided.

In this article we focus on the presentation of the inner structure of the database for the content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system containing house images. The part devoted to image processing is signalled to the extent necessary for further database (DB) structure explanations to the reader. In this paper standard DB project methods in the Oracle 10 g system have been used to generate a database for storage and retrieval of house images. The main body of the article covers the DB description and explanation of the information flow between Oracle and Matlab. For our system, Matlab is applied in image preprocessing as well as retrieval of images, which are answers to user's queries.

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques will be part of the next generation of search engines. However, even with a suitable retrieval method, real-time image retrieval from a large image database still requires extremely high computational power. In this paper, a Web-based image database indexing and retrieval system is described. It uses fast CBIR with Beowulf-Class parallel computing engine (Super Abacus) to efficiently and effectively shorten the retrieval time. Content-based image retrieval with several parallel algorithms for images which query different color spaces and the compressed-domain of the images are developed to achieve higher efficiency. Text-based query is also supported for images using a conventional annotation approach.

DNA is emerging as a promising medium for storing huge volumes of data in a confined space that remains intact for thousands of years. Although this technique is very efficient, especially for multimedia data like images, there is a lack of efficient searching and retrieval technique. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a novel Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) technique to retrieve similar images from the generated DNA-based image feature vectors. The features are obtained by a novel encoding scheme that uses the three Most-Significant Bits from the images and converts them into a string of nucleotides that follow run length and GC constraints to form DNA planes stored in a DNA medium. The nucleotides in these planes are interpreted through three consecutive sequences forming codons. The codon-based features are then utilized to perform instance-based image retrieval. The DNA planes are further adapted and implemented on diverse deep learning architectures, including ResNet-50, VGG-16, VGG-19, and Inception V3, to facilitate classification-based image retrieval tasks. The system's performance has been assessed using a range of datasets, encompassing coral, medical, and multi-label images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves notable improvements when compared to existing state-of-the-art methods.

Text contained in an image carries high-level semantics that can be exploited to achieve richer image understanding. In particular, the mere presence of text provides strong guiding content that should be employed to tackle a diversity of computer vision tasks such as image retrieval, fine-grained classification, and visual question answering. In this paper, we address the problem of fine-grained classification and image retrieval by leveraging textual information along with visual cues to comprehend the existing intrinsic relation between the two modalities. The novelty of the proposed model consists of the usage of a PHOC descriptor to construct a bag of textual words along with a Fisher Vector Encoding that captures the morphology of text. This approach provides a stronger multimodal representation for this task and as our experiments demonstrate, it achieves state-of-the-art results on two different tasks, fine-grained classification and image retrieval. The code of this model will be publicly available at1.

E-commerce has unmatched advantages over conventional ways of consumption, but it also restricts the amount of contact that customers have with the things they are purchasing. The first step in the transaction product information flow is an effective transaction product display image, which is crucial for product sales. The influence of the emotions present in the current transaction product display image on the buyer's purchase intention has not been established, and as the number of commodity classes rises, there is also a lack of scientific guidance regarding the buyer's efficient retrieval of transaction products. Therefore, this work investigates image classification and retrieval methods for product presentation in e-commerce transactions. A robust network architecture was created for the e-commerce transaction product display and image classification. The image polarity emotion feature extraction backbone module, the polarity emotion intensity perception module, and the emotion feature fusion classification module are the three specific components of the model. The network training approach is an innovation to address the issue that the polarity emotion intensity cannot be effectively conveyed in the e-commerce transaction product display image. The research improves the design of the similarity retrieval algorithm for e-commerce transaction product display images, which increased the retrieval effectiveness for buyers. The correctness of the classification model and retrieval approach was confirmed by the experimental results.

In recent trends, Content Based image retrieval (CBIR) is a vast as well as an attractive research area, where various active researchers are doing their respective work. It is the widely used technique of image retrieval, which enables the system to retrieve the relevant images from wide range of image database following the user's query image. In designing of good CBIR system, to select an appropriate feature descriptor which can represent the image content efficiently is not an easy task. In this proposed work, an efficient CBIR system has been suggested for image retrieval which mainly focused on the classification of image database as well as appropriate image representation. Here, we used HSV histogram, discrete wavelet transform and local as well as global edge histogram descriptor with SVM classifier based on RBF kernel function. In the scheme of feature evaluation, first extracted quantized HSV histogram to extract the color feature of image, applied discrete wavelet transform on the each component (Hue, Saturation and value components) of the HSV image to extract the complex texture pattern of image and for evaluation of geometric as well as spatial information of image applied local as well as global edge histogram descriptor on the Value component of HSV Image. After combining the all feature vectors, SVM Classifier applied on the image feature database to classify the images appropriately. For experimental analysis, this proposed methodology applied on the Wang image database of 1-k images with 10 categories. On the basis of Precision, recall and accuracy, it is found that this system, based on classification, is performing well in comparison to other existing proposed schemes.

This paper presents an image representation and matching framework for image categorization in medical image archives. Categorization enables one to determine automatically, based on the image content, the examined body region and imaging modality. It is a basic step in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems, the goal of which is to augment text-based search with visual information analysis. CBIR systems are currently being integrated with picture archiving and communication systems for increasing the overall search capabilities and tools available to radiologists. The proposed methodology is comprised of a continuous and probabilistic image representation scheme using Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) along with information-theoretic image matching via the Kullback-Leibler (KL) measure. The GMM-KL framework is used for matching and categorizing X-ray images by body regions. A multidimensional feature space is used to represent the image input, including intensity, texture, and spatial information. Unsupervised clustering via the GMM is used to extract coherent regions in feature space that are then used in the matching process. A dominant characteristic of the radiological images is their poor contrast and large intensity variations. This presents a challenge to matching among the images, and is handled via an illumination-invariant representation. The GMM-KL framework is evaluated for image categorization and image retrieval on a dataset of 1500 radiological images. A classification rate of 97.5% was achieved. The classification results compare favorably with reported global and local representation schemes. Precision versus recall curves indicate a strong retrieval result as compared with other state-of-the-art retrieval techniques. Finally, category models are learned and results are presented for comparing images to learned category models.

Image retrieval or content-based image retrieval (CBIR) can be transformed into the calculation of the distance between image feature vectors. The closer the vectors are, the higher the image similarity will be. In the image retrieval system for large-scale dataset, the approximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) search can quickly obtain the top k images closest to the query image, which is the Top-k problem in the field of information retrieval. With the traditional ANN algorithms, such as KD-Tree, R-Tree, and M-Tree, when the dimension of the image feature vector increases, the computing time will increase exponentially due to the curse of dimensionality. In order to reduce the calculation time and improve the efficiency of image retrieval, we propose an ANN search algorithm based on the Product Quantization Table (PQTable). After quantizing and compressing the image feature vectors by the product quantization algorithm, we can construct the image index structure of the PQTable, which speeds up image retrieval. We also propose a multi-PQTable query strategy for ANN search. Besides, we generate several nearest-neighbor vectors for each sub-compressed vector of the query vector to reduce the failure rate and improve the recall in image retrieval. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, it is proved that the multi-PQTable query strategy and the generation of several nearest-neighbor vectors are greatly correct and efficient.

In this paper, we propose a novel fine-grained dictionary learning method for image classification. To learn a high-quality discriminative dictionary, three types of multispecific subdictionaries, i.e., class-specific dictionaries (CSDs), universal dictionary (UD), and family-specific dictionaries (FSDs), are simultaneously uncovered. Here, CSDs and UD, respectively, model the patterns for each class and the patterns irrespective of any class. FSDs can help reveal the shared patterns between multiple image classes, by filling the gap between the patterns in CSDs and UD. The dependence among image classes is revealed by the shared FSDs, and a common FSD can be assigned to several classes to represent their residual. Finally, the most discriminative FSD for each class is identified by minimizing the sparse reconstruction error. Extensive experiments are conducted on different widely used data sets for image classification. The results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over some state-of-the-art methods.