Adapting Development Programmes for People with Disabilities with High Support Needs

Connie Kelly Tang and Lei Zhang have provided a holistic coverage of the entire surface transportation project and program development process from the beginning of planning though environmental approval, design, right-of way acquisition, construction to operations and maintenance.— Neil Pedersen, Executive Director, Transportation Research Board, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC Transportation program and project development is complex. The process spans over planning, programming, environment, design, right of way, construction, operations, and maintenance. Professionals from civil engineering, planning, social and environmental sciences, business and project management, and data science, work together in a relay team to transform an idea into a highway, a transit hub, an airport or a water facility. It is challenging for any one person to master all the knowledge and skills needed to perform every relevant task. However, it is critical for all involved to understand how this relay works and how the societal, environmental, governmental, and regulatory contexts influence the process and the technical solution. Professionals who understand the process and see the big picture are those who rise to the top as leaders. Transportation Project and Program Development provides holistic coverage on the technical subject matter, processes and procedures, and policy and guidance associated with transportation project and program development, which can help professionals become program leaders. For each phase of the process, key products delivered, processes used, governing principles, foundations of applicable science and engineering, technologies deployed, and knowledge required are discussed. While all coverages reflect the practices of the United States, the logic, principles, science, and engineering are applicable to all countries of the world. The book can also serve as an introductory textbook for undergraduate students and as a textbook or reference for a graduate-level course in civil engineering, transportation engineering, planning, and project management.

Community engagement: learning from low-income countries

Disability is a state where people experiencing who have not do things in the usual way. Even so, people with disabilities are still a part of society that must earn equal rights. This article aims: 1) to identify the existing condition regarding with the discrimination of diffable gropus in Indonesia, especially when they will participate to inte the workforce, 2) to analyze an effort to overcome public stigma for diffable groups in the work environment through a social work approach. The method of this study used literature study with collecting secondary data from various source. The result of study showed that diffable groups have equal opportunity with all people to obtain jobs and participate in the economic development. Futhermore people with disabilities, government policies, social workers, social services, and public facilities play a crucial role in making it easier for people with disabilities in the workforce. Therefore, the government’s efforts to be responsible for the welfare of all its citizens can be conducted equal access by implementing an inclusive social development program. Inclusive program can also mean that development policies are designed fairly and equitably by involving all communities actively so that all Indonesian citizens can enjoy the results of development.

Outstanding multinational companies from emerging countries have been using technology research and development (R&D) project management strategies to develop high level products and services. Open innovation that is based on building partnerships to explore new opportunities, capitalizing on the possibilities available by advancing the company's knowledge base, is an important tool for increasing its competitive advantage by creating business value. However, whether a company can gain competitive advantage in the short term depends heavily on the maturity level of its technologies. Long-term competitiveness, in turn, is related to investment on research and development (R&D) projects that will underpin future innovations. A company's technology readiness influences its technology R&D strategy and, in turn, the ongoing project portfolio. This readiness is related to how close the project outcome is to application or how much it is a more fundamental study, away from use. An important indicator of technology readiness developed by NASA -the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) -has great relevance in risk assessment of product and service development projects and has become a benchmark for rating R&D project portfolios. The case selected was the LAB O&G (O&G COMPANY R&D Center), which develops projects with different readiness and degrees of open innovation. The objective was, through a qual-quant approach, to use these variables to reflect on the dynamics and practices between the levels of technological readiness and the degree of openness of innovation in research and technology development projects. With this it was possible to identify that in O&G COMPANY the R&D projects with higher TRLs lead to greater cooperation from both supplier / partner companies and universities and in lower TRLs the universities have the leading role. In this work it was possible to increase the understanding of the role of each of these variables in the innovation process and to contribute to the open innovation literature through research at the project level.

Abstract: Project development in indigenous communities is one of the mechanisms for developing territories, economy, and culture. This article aims to review project design and development in indigenous communities from a bibliographic perspective, following the methodology proposed by Cronin et al. (2008). Published scientific papers about project design in these communities are used. Accordingly, various studies focused on analyzing projects developed in indigenous communities, from community development to socio-cultural and indigenous entrepreneurship are found. Project design in indigenous communities must be done to ensure the success of the project and the achievement of the proposed objectives through social capital, the participation of all community members, social innovation, and multigenerational understanding of the linkages among products, people, and ecosystems. In addition, the relevance of the process is acknowledged by valuing the particularities of the indigenous population, which leads to an allusion to concepts such as indigenous planning, a key element in project design. Likewise, the relevant topics for future research aimed at the conception of indigenous territories and their articulation with territorial and sustainable development are considered.

The need for a General Comment for Article 19 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child: Toward enlightenment and progress for child protection

The authors discuss 10 lessons that they hope will help professionals create inclusive schools in which more children fit naturally into classrooms and differences are viewed as an ordinary part of the school day. THIRTEEN years ago, a local director of special education asked us to work with teachers and administrators to achieve the goal of closing at least half of the separate special education classes in the elementary schools in his district. As part of this endeavor, we were to help these educators develop programs to support students with disabilities in general education classrooms. Thirteen years later, this work is still not complete. Evaluations have indicated that the inclusive programs in this school district work well.1 Students with disabilities are making at least as much progress as, if not more than, they did in separate special education classes. Students who are not labeled with disabilities also continue to make good academic progress. Teachers, administrators, and parents have pointed out many social benefits that have resulted from these inclusive programs.2 These programs have widespread support from teachers, administrators, parents, school board members, and other stakeholders. Ultimately, more than 75% of the separate classes closed - only two remain open for full-time placements. These two classes provide intensive support for students with the most challenging behaviors, and students in these classes are included with peers in general education classrooms whenever that is possible. This article describes 10 of the most important lessons we learned as we worked with professionals and other stakeholders in these schools to develop inclusive programs. These lessons have helped us to better understand why and how some schools in the district changed their practices and became more inclusive, while other schools made few changes. Equally important, the lessons now provide us with a framework for making an educated guess regarding whether a school is prepared to undertake the changes that are necessary to develop a successful inclusive school program. Lesson 1. Change must be supported from both the top and the bottom. Change may be initiated by anyone in a setting - a teacher or group of teachers, a principal or central office administrator, a parent. However, to be successful, change must ultimately be supported by the administration (top-down support) as well as by the teachers who must implement the change (bottom-up support). Administrative support (especially from the building principal) for developing and implementing inclusive schools is important for a number of reasons, for administrators must set an atmosphere in a school that is conducive to change and must provide teachers with a range of substantive supports. For example, as inclusive schools are being developed and implemented, principals work with teachers to: * promote the need for changes with the building staff; * provide support for program development and implementation, including time for planning changes and for staff development; * ensure that teachers are in control of changes; * ensure that the faculty members own and support changes; * ensure that the inclusive school is tailored to the needs of the local setting; * encourage risk-taking among teachers and assure them that they will be given support in the event that certain aspects of the inclusive school do not initially succeed; and * encourage ongoing evaluation and improvement of the inclusive school. Developing and implementing inclusive school programs is one of the most complex undertakings in schools today. The support of teachers is crucial. Research on teachers' perspectives on inclusion3 raises a number of issues that must be addressed to assuage teachers' fears (and ensure their support) regarding the development and implementation of inclusive school programs: Who will be included? …

يعتبر النص القانوني محورا هاما من محاور تنظيم المجتمعات الانسانية ولعل البعد المجتمعي للنص القانوني هو من أهم الابعاد والوظائف الانسانية وعمومية هذه النصوص تفرض اتساع قاعدة الخطاب والمشاركة للمجتمع بكل طوائفه وعلاقاته. ومما لا شك فيه أن البعد الاجتماعي للنص القانوني يضع في الاعتبار مخاطبة تجمعات بشرية متعددة الكوادر ومما يجب أن يراعيه هذا النص انسانية هذه التجمعات وأنها علاقات بين البشر قد تتخطي حقوق الالتزامات والواجبات الى نطاق تقديرات البعد البشري والإنساني. ان وظائف القاعدة القانونية كذلك لم تتوقف على تنظيم العلاقات وتطبيق الجزاء بل أصبحت العدالة الاجتماعية من أهم وظائف القانون بما يضمن تحقيق المساواة وتكافؤ الفرص حتى مع التباين والاختلاف بين الأفراد في السن والجنس والحالة الاجتماعية والصحية وإمكانيات الجسد البشري والنفس البشرية وأن ضمان ذلك أصبح مطلبا رئيسيا في جميع المجتمعات لتحقيق وتطبيق نظم التنمية المستدامة. ولا شك أن النظام القانوني المصري والذي أدرك سمو القواعد الدستورية من بداية ملامح هذا النظام توصل كذلك الى تنظيم دستورية راعت حقوق الانسان وخاصة حقوق ذوي الهمم والاحتياجات الخاصة والتي تعد من أركان العدالة الاجتماعية و نفعيل مبادئ المساواة. The legal text is an important axis of the organization of human societies, and perhaps the societal dimension of the legal text is one of the most important dimensions and human functions, and the generality of this text imposes the expansion of the base of discourse and participation of society in all its sects and relations. There is no doubt that the social dimension of the legal text takes into account addressing multi-cadre human gatherings, and this text must take into account the humanity of these gatherings and that they are relations between human beings that may go beyond the rights of obligations and duties to the scope of human and human dimension estimates. The functions of the legal base also did not stop at regulating relations and applying punishment, but social justice has become one of the most important functions of law to ensure the achievement of equality and equal opportunities even with the disparity and difference between individuals in age, sex, social and health status and the potential of the human body and the human soul, and that ensuring this has become a major requirement in all Communities to achieve and apply sustainable development systems. There is no doubt that the Egyptian legal system, which realized the supremacy of constitutional rules from the beginning of the features of this system, also reached a constitutional organization that took into account human rights, especially the rights of people of determination and special needs, which are among the pillars of social justice and the activation of the principles of equality.

Objective: This study reviews inclusive SRH intervention programs from high-income countries (HICs) to guide the development of similar programs for people with mental illness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with a focus on LIMCs. Methods: A literature review was performed using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on articles from 2010 to 2024. The review examined peer-reviewed articles and credible reports on SRH services for people with mental illness. Results: Findings indicate that integrating SRH services with mental health support is effective in HICs. LMICs face challenges like stigma and limited-service integration. Successful strategies from HICs, including legal protections and specialized services, offer valuable lessons. Conclusion: Adapting successful SRH intervention models from HICs to LMICs, incorporating multisectoral approaches and legal reforms, is essential to improving SRH service access for people with mental illness. Keywords: Mental health, Mental illness, Access, Sexual, Reproductive, Health, Services, Program, Intervention, Inclusion, and Stigma.

Suicide Prevention in an International Context.

Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind is developing one of the largest offshore wind energy projects along the U.S. East Coast. Given the large lease area covering 741 km2 and with minimal pre-existing geophysical, geotechnical, environmental, and marine archaeological data availability when the lease was awarded, significant front-end efforts were required to complete project design and regulatory site characterization. Collection of the information needed to progress the Construction Operations Plan and develop a project's detailed design parameters would typically take up to 4 years to finalize. This long duration is exacerbated by the misaligned timing of geophysical information needed early for permitting purposes compared to detailed geotechnical information acquired later, when project design essentials are better defined. This timing issue was managed through innovative phasing and integration of geoscience efforts in the first few years of the development. Coordinated acquisition of geohazards, geophysics, marine archaeology, geotechnics, and benthic habitat data, designed to cover the range of project variables within the project design envelope, optimized the survey campaign and resulted in a future-proof site characterization baseline. This case study highlights various technological, operational and strategic innovations implemented in the following areas: fisheries management and simultaneous vessel operations (SIMOPS), survey line planning, environmental and benthic planning, geotechnical tools and techniques, phased ground model development, data quality assurance and control, offshore operations oversight, data management and regulatory strategies. Refinement to survey plans, including orientation, sequencing, clustering, and multi-purposing data acquisition, delivered multiple efficiencies as the project matured. The team achieved geoscience data quality objectives and reduced survey durations by carefully considering commercial fishing intensity, metocean conditions, geological features, and survey line design or layout. Close coordination with multiple technical package teams was necessary to understand and anticipate evolving engineering data needs and minimize duplicate data gathering. This integrated approach enabled the project to accelerate the identification and interpretation efforts needed to answer critical questions for geotechnical ground modeling, archaeological paleolandscape modeling, geologic history determination, and benthic habitat mapping in ways that are unique and innovative to the offshore wind industry. The unprecedented use of new data displays and innovative mapping tools allowed various project development and engineering design experts from across the global project team to easily access the wealth of geoscientific information developed without the need for specialty software or extensive training. The approach also realized valuable benefits in the areas of offshore safety, achieving critical milestones, and supporting Atlantic Shores Offshore Wind goals of environmental stewardship, being a good neighbor and leading with science.

HIV is a major global public health threat and is the 5th leading causes of death in low income countries. Minh Pham’s research focused on HIV related testing in low and middle income countries. The findings showed that testing service at the point-of-care is highly acceptable and feasible but there is a potential gap in the coverage and quality of services across study settings. His research identified an important individual psycho-social factor, self-efficacy, which might influence HIV testing behaviour. These findings help to inform the development of effective public health programs to end the HIV epidemics in 2030.

The need for metrics to measure progress on racial equity in global public health and medicine

Problem setting. Today, one of the priorities of the European policy direction is the effective implementation of such a principle as gender equality. Ensuring and ensuring the equal participation of women and men in socially important decisions, equal opportunities for them to combine professional and family responsibilities, preventing gender-based violence, and ensuring that women have a real opportunity to participate in diplomacy, including embracing high-level positions are one of the most important goals that modern democracies must fully achieve. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The topic of gender equality in their works was considered by such scholars as: O. Zakharova, T. Martsenyuk, V. Kobylyatska, E. Makarenko, G. Rudenko, T. Zonova, S. Khabibullina and others, but the current state of women’s participation in the diplomatic life of Ukraine scientists have considered superficially. Target of research. The purpose of this article is to consider the historical development of the principle of gender equality of women in relation to their participation in the diplomatic life of states, as well as to determine the current state and problems of compliance with this principle in Ukraine and identify ways to solve them. Article’s main body. Ukraine has ratified the main international instruments on equal rights and opportunities for men and women, namely the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and acceded to the UN Millennium Declaration and committed itself to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Defining for itself the provision and implementation of gender equality as one of the priorities of public policy. At the national level, gender equality is guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine, the Labor Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men”, the State Program for Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities for Women and Men until 2016 and other legislation. The prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex was also included in the new law on civil service. However, the statistics and realities of our state say otherwise, as the number of women diplomats in high positions differs significantly from the number of men who hold them. The main reasons for this situation are traditional gender stereotypes, cultural customs, insufficient attention of foreign policy institutions to ensure gender equality and more. Of course, our state needs a modern revision and an effective legislative and practical solution to this issue. In this article, the authors review the historical development of the establishment and implementation of the principle of gender equality in different countries, namely the direct participation of women and their high positions in the performance of diplomatic functions in the diplomatic service; the opinions of scholars who express the positive impact of women’s participation in the diplomatic sphere, as well as the arguments of those who do not agree with this position; the current state of the quantitative indicator of women in positions in diplomatic missions of Ukraine, including in high positions, is studied; the modern directions of our state concerning the effective decision of a gender problem and full realization of this principle are analyzed; Obstacles that affect the implementation of a balanced gender policy in Ukraine are identified and some ways to solve them are suggested. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The authors came to the conclusion that the involvement of as many women as possible in the diplomatic service of Ukraine will ensure the effective implementation of gender equality and will indicate real reforms in the diplomatic sphere. Stereotypes about women’s weakness and vulnerability must be a thing of the past, as history has repeatedly shown strong women capable of changing their own country or even world trends. Therefore, for our country, the active encouragement of women to diplomatic work will only demonstrate the desire of a democratic state to seek new and innovative in this area. It is with the active participation of women in all world processes, including in diplomatic life, that we will be able to guarantee equality in society, peace and cohesion in different countries of the world.

BackgroundChildhood cancer represents a leading cause of death and disease burden in high income countries (HICs) and low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). It is postulated that the current COVID-19 pandemic has hampered global development of pediatric oncology care programs. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively review the global impact of COVID-19 on childhood cancer clinical outcomes and care delivery.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the African Medical Index from inception to November 3, 2021 following PRISMA guidelines. A manual search was performed to identify additional relevant studies. Articles were selected based on predetermined eligibility criteria.FindingsThe majority of studies reported patients with cancer and COVID-19 presenting as asymptomatic (HICs: 33.7%, LMICs: 22.0%) or with primary manifestations of fever (HICs: 36.1%, LMICs: 51.4%) and respiratory symptoms (HICs: 29.6%, LMICs: 11.7%). LMICs also reported a high frequency of patients presenting with cough (23.6%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (10.6%). The majority of patients were generally noted to have a good prognosis; however the crude mortality rate was higher in LMICs when compared to HICs (8.0% vs 1.8%). Moreover, the pandemic has resulted in delays and interruptions to cancer therapies and delays in childhood cancer diagnoses in both HICs and LMICs. However, these findings were disproportionately reported in LMICs, with significant staff shortages, supply chain disruptions, and limited access to cancer therapies for patients.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in delays and interruptions to childhood cancer therapies and delays in childhood cancer diagnoses, and disproportionately so within LMICs. This review provides lessons learned for future system-wide disruptions to care, as well as provides key points for moving forward better with care through the remainder of this pandemic.Systematic Review RegistrationCRD42021266758, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=266758