Advanced mesoporous and MXene-based enhanced negative electrode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries - A review

Silicon (Si) and Tin (Sn) are promising materials for anodes in lithium-ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity and abundance of Si on earth. Si can be derived from rice husk which is the main agricultural byproduct in Thailand. However, the challenge of using these materials in lithium-ion batteries is the large volume expansion during charge-discharge process which leads to pulverization of electrodes. The effective solution is to combine these metals as composite with carbon supporter. Nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) has been used as carbon supporter in this research because of its high surface area, electrical conductivity and rate of electron transfer. To confirm phases of products, X-rays diffraction techniques (XRD) was measured. The results show that there were peaks of Si, Sn and carbon in XRD patterns. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to illustrate the morphology of prepared composites. From SEM and TEM results, there were small-sized particles of Si and Sn dispersed randomly on NrGO sheets. Furthermore, electrochemical properties of these products were measured to confirm their efficiency as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries by coin cell assembly. The prepared composite can deliver the highest initial capacity of 1600 mA h g-1 and expected to use as anode materials in the next generation lithium-ion batteries.

Compared with monometallic selenides, bimetallic selenides have better synergistic effects and more abundant active sites for electrochemical reactions. As an important member of the transition metal oxide family, NiCoSe2 has been widely used in energy storage devices and has shown excellent electrochemical performance. So in this paper, nitrogen-doped carbon decorated NiCoSe2 composites (NiCoSe2/NC-700, NiCoSe2/NC-800, and NiCoSe2/NC-900) with a microflower structure were synthesized by calcining nickel-cobalt bimetallic organic skeleton materials at different temperatures, and were used as anode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Because the MOF precursor has many advantages such as structural controllability, and a bimetal synergistic effect, the test results showed that the prepared NiCoSe2/NC composites have a special morphology, outstanding electrical conductivity, excellent lithium storage performance and electrochemical cycling performance in the process of being used as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The NiCoSe2/NC-800 materials displayed a high initial capacity (2099.8/1084.3 mA h g-1), and still maintained a high capacity (1041.2/989.9 mA h g-1) after 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g-1 and in the voltage range of 0.01-3.0 V. In addition, at high current densities of 0.5 A g-1 and 1.0 A g-1, the increased capacity of NiCoSe2/NC composites may be due to the activation of electrodes and the pseudocapacitance during cycling. Through ex situ XRD experiments, the lithium storage mechanism of the NiCoSe2/NC-800 electrode material during cycling was further studied, and NiCoSe2/NC-800 was continuously converted into Ni, Co, and Li2Se during cycling.

Nitrogen-doped turbostratic carbon nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared using fast single-step flame synthesis by directly burning acetonitrile in air atmosphere and investigated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The as-prepared N-doped carbon NPs show excellent Li-ion stoarage properties with initial discharge capacity of 596 mA h g(-1), which is 17% more than that shown by the corresponding undoped carbon NPs synthesized by identical process with acetone as carbon precursor and also much higher than that of commercial graphite anode. Further analysis shows that the charge-discharge process of N-doped carbon is highly stable and reversible not only at high current density but also over 100 cycles, retaining 71% of initial discharge capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy also shows that N-doped carbon has better conductivity for charge and ions than that of undoped carbon. The high specific capacity and very stable cyclic performance are attributed to large number of turbostratic defects and N and associated increased O content in the flame-synthesized N-doped carbon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which demonstrates single-step, direct flame synthesis of N-doped turbostratic carbon NPs and their application as a potential anode material with high capacity and superior battery performance. The method is extremely simple, low cost, energy efficient, very effective, and can be easily scaled up for large scale production.

Multi-walled carbon nanotube-wrapped SiP2 as a superior anode material for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries

Sn-SnO2 hybrid nanoclusters embedded in carbon nanotubes with enhanced electrochemical performance for advanced lithium ion batteries

Silicon/graphite/amorphous carbon composites as anode materials for lithium-ion battery with enhanced electrochemical performances

Si–Y multi-layer thin films as anode materials of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries

In this study, SiOx/spherical graphite (SiOx/SG) composites were successfully prepared as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries through the combination of thermal plasma and ball milling approach. The thermal plasma method enabled the production of SiOx nanoparticles with controlled morphology and particle size, ensuring high purity and homogeneity. These nanoparticles were then uniformly dispersed into spherical graphite (SG) via ball milling, forming a composite with enhanced structural stability and electrochemical performance. The resulting SiOx/SG composite exhibited superior electrochemical properties, including high specific capacity, excellent cycling stability, and improved rate capability. This synergistic approach offers an efficient, scalable, and industrially viable route for developing advanced anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Self-templated hydrothermal synthesis of Mn2SnO4-SnO2@C mesoporous nano cube as the anode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries

A novel lithium ion battery (LIB) anode material with high capacity is found, which is made of cross-linked graphene sheets. The new material, named bco-C20, has a 3D honeycomb structure composed of unit cells of 20 atoms, and exhibits a body-centered orthorhombic crystal structure. The thermal, dynamic, and mechanical stabilities of such a material are well evaluated by molecular dynamics simulation, phonon dispersion, and Born-Huang criteria. As a promising semimetal, bco-C20 possesses a unique electronic band structure with cross-linked Dirac nodal-rings. The Fermi velocities are from 8.25 × 105 m s-1 to 10.45 × 105 m s-1, indicating good electronic transport properties. A comparison with most of the 3D carbon materials demonstrates that bco-C20 also has the good material properties of high strength and fracture toughness that are very close to those of graphene. Furthermore, a negative Poisson's ratio of up to -0.25 is very helpful for the new material to bear compressive load. Most importantly, as a promising anode material in LIBs, bco-C20 has a high theoretical capacity of 893 mA h g-1, low diffusion barrier of 0.02-0.12 eV, average open-circuit voltage of 0.41 V, and negligible volume change of 3.7%. Some related properties of lithiated bco-C20 are also evaluated and discussed. This study should be helpful for expanding the family of 3D carbon materials with extraordinary properties as well as their promising applications in advanced energy fields.

Manganese pyridinedicarboxylates: New anode materials for lithium-ion batteries with good cycling performance

Silicon (Si) has been recognized as a promising alternative to graphite anode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its superior theoretical capacity and low discharge voltage. However, Si-based anodes undergo structural pulverization during cycling due to the large volume expansion (ca. 300-400%) and continuous formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), resulting in fast capacity fading. To address this challenge, a series of different amounts of silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs)-encapsulated hollow porous N-doped/Co-incorporated carbon nanocubes (denoted as p-CoNC@SiX, where X = 50, 80, and 100) as anode materials for LIBs are reported in this paper. These hollow nanocubic materials were derived by facile annealing of different contents of Si NPs-encapsulated Zn/Co-bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF@Si) as self-sacrificial templates. Owing to the advantages of well-defined hollow framework clusters and highly conductive hollow carbon frameworks, the hollow porous p-CoNC@SiX significantly improved the electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion coefficient by an order of magnitude higher than that of Si NPs. The as-prepared p-CoNC@Si80 with 80 wt % Si NPs delivered a continuously increasing specific capacity of 1008 mAh g-1 at 500 mA g-1 over 500 cycles, excellent reversible capacity (∼1361 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1), and superior rate capability (∼603 mAh g-1 at 3 A g-1) along with an unprecedented long-life cyclic stability of ∼1218 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 over 1000 cycles caused by low volume expansion (9.92%) and suppressed SEI side reactions. These findings provide new insights into the development of highly reversible Si-based anode materials for advanced LIBs.

Outstanding lithium-storage performance of carbon-free Li4Ti5O12 anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

MXene-decorated SnS2/Sn3S4 hybrid as anode material for high-rate lithium-ion batteries

High-pressure and high-temperature synthesis of black phosphorus-graphite anode material for lithium-ion batteries