Age Restriction for Job Application from a Human Rights Perspective

Background: Food is an important part of nursing care and recognized as a basic need and a human right. Nutritional care for older adults in institutions represents a particularly important area to address in nursing education and practice, as the right to food can be at risk and health personnel experience ethical challenges related to food and nutrition. Objective: The present study investigates the development of coursework on nutritional care with a human rights perspective in a nursing programme for first-year nursing students and draws upon reflections and lessons learned. Research design: The study utilized educational design research. The coursework, developed through two rounds, combined on-campus learning and clinical placement in nursing homes. Nursing studentsʼ perspectives and experiences gathered through focus groups and a written assignment informed the development and evaluation of the coursework. Participants and research context: In the first round, multistage focus group interviews were conducted with 18 nursing students before, during and after placement. In the second round, four focus group interviews with 26 nursing students were conducted shortly after placement. Ethical consideration: The study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Findings: Three main ʽlessons learnedʼ emerged regarding introducing a human rights perspective in nursing education: 1) the contribution of the human rights perspective in changing the narrative of ʽvulnerable and malnourished patientsʼ, 2) the importance of relationships and experiences for learning about human rights and 3) the benefit of combining development of ethical competence with a human rights perspective. Conclusion: A human rights perspective enabled the students to give meaning to nutritional care beyond understanding of food as a basic physical need. Incorporating human rights in nursing education can support nursing students and nurses in recognizing and addressing ethical and structural challenges and being able to fulfil the right to food for patients.

The growing numbers of terminally ill and dying in prison has high economic and moral costs as global correctional systems and the society at large. However, to date little is known about the extent to which palliative and end-of-life care is infused within global prison health care systems. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the literature by reviewing and critically appraising the methods and major findings of the international peer-reviewed literature on palliative and end-of-life care in prison, identify the common elements of promising palliative and end-of-life services in prison, and what factors facilitate or create barrier to implementation. A content analysis was conducted of the existing peer-reviewed literature on palliative and end-of-life care in prison. English-language articles were located through a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals, such as Academic Search Premier Literature databases using differing combinations of key word search terms, "prison," "palliative care," and "end-of-life care." A total of 49 studies published between 1991 and 2013 met criteria for sample inclusion. Deductive and inductive analysis techniques were used to generate frequency counts and common themes related to the methods and major findings. The majority (n=39) of studies were published between 2001-2013 in the USA (n=40) and the UK (n=7). Most were about US prison hospice programs (n=16) or barriers to providing palliative and end of life care in prisons (n=10). The results of the inductive analysis identified common elements of promising practices, which included the use of peer volunteers, multi-disciplinary teams, staff training, and partnerships with community hospices. Obstacles identified for infusing palliative and end-of-life care in prison included ethical dilemmas based on custody vs care, mistrust between staff and prisoners, safety concerns, concern over prisoners' potential misuse of pain medication, and institutional, staff, and public apathy toward terminally ill prisoners and their human rights to health in the form of compassionate and palliative care, including the use of compassionate release laws. Implications for future research that foster human rights and public awareness of the economic and moral costs of housing the sick and dying in prisons. More research is needed to document human rights violations as well as best practices and evidence-based practices in palliative and end-of-life care in prisons. Future studies should incorporate data from the terminally ill in prison, peer supports, and family members. Future studies also should employ more rigorous research designs to evaluate human rights violations, staff and public attitudes, laws and policies, and best practices. Quantitative studies that use experimental designs, longitudinal data, and multiple informants are needed. Qualitative data would allow for thick descriptions of key stakeholders experiences, especially of the facilitators and barriers for implementing policy reform efforts and palliative care in prisons. Practical implications - This review provides a foundation on which to build on about what is known thus far about the human right to health, especially parole policy reform and infusing palliative and end-of-life care for the terminally ill and dying in prisons. This information can be used to develop or improve a new generation research, practice, policy, and advocacy efforts for that target terminally ill and dying in prison and their families and communities. There are significant social implications to this review. From a human rights perspective, the right to freedom from torture and cruel and unusual punishment is a fundamental human right along with prisoners' rights for an appropriate level of health care. These rights should be guaranteed regardless of the nature of their crime or whether they are in a prison placement. The information provided in this review can be used to educate and possible transform individual's and society's views toward the terminally ill and dying who are involved in the criminal justice system. This paper extends the extant literature by using both quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to organize, summarize, and critically analyze the international literature on palliative care and end of life care in prison. This review is designed to increase awareness among the international community of the pain and suffering of the terminally ill in prison and the facilitators and barriers to providing them compassionate care while in custody.

This chapter explores the role of human rights as an integral component of 'governance for sustainable development' system and practice. It analyses the evolving relationship between sustainable development and the human rights framework, and its implications for governance practices. The chapter argues that governance arrangements are important tools for realizing sustainable development and human rights. The legally binding human rights regimes especially are also governance regimes. This is a position underpinned by the commitment of all states to global human rights instruments and/or to sustainable development presented in the United Nations' Agenda 2030 which includes the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). While there are still numerous human rights and sustainable development deficits in all parts of the world, international law confirms that both notions are relevant for, and require action by, states at all stages of development and in all circumstances. This means that states are duty-bearers for sustainable development and human rights, and are responsible for building an enabling environment for the actual enjoyment of human rights. Besides providing substantive orientation, the core global human rights treaties also create monitoring opportunities and are a basis for holding duty bearers to account. The fourth section explores the implications of a human rights perspective for governance practices related to natural resource management and finds that participation and benefit-sharing are central concerns in this regard. The potential practical consequences of benefit-sharing requirements are illustrated in a short account of the Saramaka Judgement of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights delivered in 2007, which relates to natural resource exploitation in tribal territory in Suriname and gave rise to the formulation and application of the notion of reasonable benefit-sharing. The chapter closes with a few concluding remarks reflecting on the main insights gained from the analysis of the relevance, content and implications of a human rights perspective on governance for sustainable development.

This article examines the advantages and challenges of a deliberate legal-political strategy that addresses corruption at an individual, rather than systemic, level. Empirical research has highlighted the correlations between the extent and nature of corruption and the level of human rights enjoyment. In response to these observations, anti-corruption and human rights policy agendas have been converging at the international and regional levels. However, framing corruption as a human rights violation that incurs international state responsibility poses conceptual difficulties. Additionally, the risks and benefits of this convergence need to be assessed. This article concludes that the human rights approach provides significant added value, outweighing its limitations. Yet, it remains an open question whether human rights are the appropriate normative framework for denouncing and combating corruption. The article suggests that the human rights perspective, by opening up new avenues for monitoring and litigation, effectively supplements the criminal law approach. It argues for a more balanced integration of corruption concerns within human rights frameworks, with equal emphasis on human rights considerations in all anti-corruption monitoring schemes. Such integration would likely foster a positive feedback loop, where anti-corruption efforts enhance human rights conditions, while certain human rights facilitate the fight against corruption.

Human trafficking is not the recent issue. Since the early history of the world the trafficking was there. The South Asia is most vulnerable in position in the world to human trafficking. In South Asia, Bangladesh, India and Nepal are most vulnerable in relation to human trafficking. The international community considered that the human trafficking is a grave violation of human rights. There are many reason for the trafficking including poverty, illiteracy, globalization etc. The main purpose of the human trafficking is the forced labour, debt bondage, child labour and sexual exploitations. There are some international laws which directly prohibits the human trafficking. Some regional instrument including the SAARC Convention On Prevention And Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution, also there which directly prohibits the human trafficking. The states should prohibits the human trafficking by incorporating the national legislation. The States can not deny it's international obligation also. States should ensure the safe return of the trafficked persons in the home country.

Extrajudicial killing is a murder carried out by state officials outside of a court decision. This research aims to find out how legal protection is for criminals in Medan City using extra-judicial killing based on human rights. The research method used is a normative jurisprudential research method. Normative research requires a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data collection technique used is through document and library studies of secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of this research conclude that extrajudicial execution is an arbitrary act, does not have a clear legal basis, and is a serious violation of human rights stipulated by law and international documents, thus the perpetrator will not receive legal certainty and justice. and this violates human rights, especially Article 28 Letter A and also Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights.

Legal Control on Social Control of Sex Offenders in the Community: A European Comparative and Human Rights Perspective This paper provides first of all the introduction to this special issue on ‘Legal constraints on the indeterminate control of “dangerous” sex offenders in the community: A European comparative and human rights perspective’. The issue is the outcome of a study that aims at finding the way legal control can not only be an instrument but also be a controller of social control. It is explained what social control is and how the concept of moral panic plays a part in the fact that sex offenders seem to be the folk devils of our time and subsequently pre-eminently the target group of social control at its strongest. Further elaboration of the methodology reveals why focussing on post-sentence (indeterminate) supervision is relevant, as there are hardly any legal constraints in place in comparison with measures of preventive detention. Therefore, a comparative approach within Europe is taken on the basis of country reports from England and Wales, France, Germany, The Netherlands and Spain. In the second part of the paper, the comparative analysis is presented. Similar shifts in attitudes towards sex offenders have led to legislation concerning frameworks of supervision in all countries but in different ways. Legal constraints on these frameworks are searched for in legal (sentencing) theory, the principles of proportionality and least intrusive means, and human rights, mainly as provided in the European Convention on Human Rights to which all the studied countries are subject. Finally, it is discussed what legal constraints on the control of sex offenders in the community are (to be) in place in European jurisdictions, based on the analysis of commonalities and differences found in the comparison.

This research aims to explore the legal and human rights implications of capital punishment, particularly in relation to the right to life as enshrined in international human rights law. The study critically examines the compatibility of the death penalty with contemporary human rights principles, focusing on its application across different legal systems. A qualitative research methodology, utilizing a systematic literature review, was employed to analyze existing scholarly works, legal documents, human rights reports, and case law related to the death penalty. The research identifies key themes such as the ethical concerns surrounding the irreversible nature of capital punishment, its lack of deterrent effect, and the racial and socioeconomic biases inherent in its application. Additionally, the study investigates the psychological and social consequences of capital punishment, including the emotional toll on both the condemned individuals and society. The findings reveal that while some countries continue to justify the death penalty, a growing global trend towards abolition is evident, fueled by concerns over human rights violations and the risks of wrongful convictions. Furthermore, the research supports the argument that the death penalty is increasingly incompatible with modern human rights standards, particularly as international legal frameworks continue to evolve. This study contributes to the broader debate on capital punishment, offering insights into its ethical, legal, and social dimensions, and calls for continued advocacy for its abolition in favor of more humane forms of justice.

Ensure legal certainty in the community, is to publish or assign relevant laws. Law is a rule in the form of norms and sanctions, created with the purpose of regulating human behavior, maintain order, justice, and prevent chaos. Each masyarat, is entitled to obtain a defense before the law. Law can be interpreted as a statute or statutes / regulations written or unwritten to regulate people's lives and provide sanctions for violating it. Man, born in any parts of the world, legally own rights to live. Enforcement of Human (HAM), irrespective of economic status, education, gender, race and other. The concept of human rights, which spearheaded UN Human Commission of Human gave birth to seventeen points stated in the declaration. The declaration or agreement Universal Declaration of Human Rights has been ratified by the Indonesian government through Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights. The spirit of this law, is to exalt the dignity, the dignity of the nation in the hope away from the offense. Because the real human rights will not be traded, and can not mebatasi others outside corridor applicable law. Human rights perspective in the community, is still far from the expected. Legal product is considered to have many loopholes that affect law enforcement is not working as it should. Increased commitment of the Indonesian government in realizing human rights enforcement in the future, is expected to be more serious As social beings, should be able defend themselves and fight for their rights. Furthermore, it should be able to respect and preserve the rights of others. The government has time to open your eyes wide to be cases of human rights violations in Indonesia, or Indonesian citizens abroad. Doi: 10.22216/jit.2014.v8i4.10

The Kanjuruhan Stadium incident involves a conflict between football supporters and law enforcement, resulting in various violations of human rights. This research aims to understand the implications of the event on human rights and highlight the issues that arise in the context of security and law enforcement. The study utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach by analyzing various sources of information, including media reports, official documents, and statistical data related to the Kanjuruhan Stadium incident. Firstly, this paper identifies the human rights violations that occurred during the event, such as excessive use of violence and arbitrary arrests. The findings of this research indicate serious violations of human rights during the Kanjuruhan Stadium incident, which contravene the fundamental principles of human rights, including the right to security and protection from inhumane treatment. This paper contributes to the understanding of the importance ofupholding human rights in the context of sporting events. The research provides policy recommendations for the government, law enforcement, and other relevant parties to ensure better protection of human rights inmanaging similar situations in the future. Similarly, this study encourages the public to enhance awareness of the importance of respecting human rights and participating in promoting human rights principles in the context of sports.

Advancement of human rights is a core competency in the social work curriculum. Presented is a model to teach policy practice from a human rights perspective based on a violence-against-women delegation visit to Guatemala. Postdelegation policy advocacy responses included White House and State Department briefings on the problems, including femicide. Case examples of witnessed testimony about human rights violations, including rape, femicide, and human trafficking, reflect the unique and dynamic nature of social work practice in a global context. We link Council on Social Work Education core competencies in policy practice and human rights to experiential learning strategies used by the delegation and derive lessons learned to advance human rights education for the profession.

This study aims to determine the legal politics of the government in the land sector from a human rights perspective. The research results were obtained through normative legal research by examining library materials or secondary data as well as legal developments that support the research. The results of this study indicate that individual property rights arise from the relationship between humans and nature, not from human-human relations. Property rights do not depend on the consent of others, but arise because of individual businesses. Property rights are natural rights that do not originate from the state, are managed individually and must be protected by the state. Land ownership rights can also be said to be human rights, not because of inherent rights to humans, but natural rights obtained from human struggles or efforts. Thus, the revocation or relinquishing of land rights from private property by force is a violation of human rights. Citizens' refusal to implement various laws and regulations in the land sector is evidence that government policies in the land sector, both at the substance or content level (het onderwerp) of the prevailing laws and regulations, have not shown serious attention to guarantee and protection of human rights.

This article analyses the regulation of maritime piracy from a human rights perspective. After a brief historical development of piracy in international law, the article highlights the key weaknesses inherent in the current legal framework as represented by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 and the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation 1988, and explains how international human rights law can alleviate some of these problems. Finally, key obligations imposed upon states as well as a challenge posed by extraterritorial application of human rights law will be analysed.

Introduction: Many people think that women are weak and do not have the power to fight and defend their rights. In accordance with the constitutional mandate, every citizen has the right to feel safe and free from all forms of violence.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to find out about women in the midst of a vortex of violence from a human rights perspective.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical research that uses legal sources of material obtained through literature studies and statutory regulations.Results of the Research: Violence against women is seen as part of the violation of human rights. The law on human rights in Indonesia is very strict about women's rights. Women have many contributions to the welfare of society so women must be treated by protecting their rights as a woman.

Due to social considerations, labour market pressures, and economic inequality, women's migration both domestically and internationally has expanded dramatically in recent decades. Human rights violations such as theft of wages, compelled labour, assault based on gender, and lack of proper healthcare and legal protection are disproportionately experienced by female migrant workers, especially those employed in the domestic service, providing care, and informal labour sectors. Global human rights conventions and national labour laws exist, but their enactment and enforcement mechanisms are either ineffective or uneven. The purpose of this study is to apply a human rights perspective to the existing situation of female migrant workers. In order to evaluate the extent of violations experienced by these women in different host nations and locations, it looks at both statistical and qualitative data. Language problems, lack of documentation, legal invisibility, and the lack of specific to gender migration policies are some of the major issues highlighted in the report. Sociocultural discrimination, restricted mobility, and insufficient grievance redress systems frequently exacerbate these problems. The effectiveness of current legal frameworks and policies such as the United Nations Conventions on the Rights and Freedoms of Migrant Workers (1990), the ILO Convention 189, and national labour laws in nations including the Philippines, India, and the Gulf states in safeguarding female migrants is assessed. Findings, however, show serious implementation gaps, including weak labour inspections, little access to legal aid, and little outreach. The study offers a fresh, comprehensive framework that combines technological, legal, and policy advancements to address these issues: · The Digital Rights Access Portal for safety alerts, job verification, and legal assistance. · Changes to migration laws that are gender-sensitive and specifically designed for women in high-risk occupations. Establishing community legal support units in important migration routes. Rising the number of victimization and abuse reports through the usage of mobile grievances redress services. The framework provides a durable and doable road map for governments, non-governmental organizations, and international organizations to safeguard this vulnerable group, and it is in line with durable Development Goals 8 (Decent Work) and 5 (Gender Equality).