AI and Geospatial Intelligence

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has profoundly impacted the manufacturing industry, offering transformative potential to enhance production process efficiency. This paper presents a systematic literature review of AI applications in the manufacturing sector, focusing on key AI technologies such as machine learning, robotics, predictive analytics, and natural language processing. The review highlights how these technologies have improved quality control, resource management, and overall operational performance. However, the adoption of AI also presents challenges, including significant investment costs, the need for a skilled workforce, and concerns over data security and privacy. Despite these challenges, the integration of AI in manufacturing presents numerous opportunities for future research and innovation, particularly in the areas of sustainable manufacturing and the convergence of AI with other emerging technologies. This study concludes that while AI offers substantial benefits for production efficiency, its successful implementation requires careful strategic planning and investment in both technology and human resources.

Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education is swiftly revolutionizing pedagogical methodologies, in conjunction with learning processes and research paradigms. The interdisciplinary potential of AI within academic settings was examined in this study, employing a case study conducted at the University of Tirana. Through the utilization of bibliometric analysis and survey-based research, this study comprehensively investigates the swiftly emerging trends in AI applications, students' significant familiarity with AI technologies, as well as the substantial challenges impeding broader adoption. The bibliometric analysis highlights significant exponential growth in AI research, particularly within pivotal domains such as finance and accounting, thereby emphasizing the swiftly increasing relevance of blockchain and automation. The survey indicates a robust enthusiasm among students for AI in educational settings. More than 90 percent of students actively incorporate AI tools in their project work. Nonetheless, resource limitations and ethical considerations, including privacy, data security, and algorithmic bias, pose considerable challenges to the widespread adoption of AI, despite the prevailing enthusiasm. Objective: The aim of this research is to examine the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the realm of higher education. This analysis concentrates on the applications, advantages, and challenges associated with AI, with the intent of advancing interdisciplinary research and educational methodologies at the University of Tirana. Theoretical Framework: This research expands upon the principles of AI adoption within the educational sector, alongside an examination of ethical considerations and multidisciplinary collaboration. Theories pertaining to technological integration and adaptive learning systems serve as the foundational framework for comprehending the implications of AI in the realm of education. Method: The methodology employs bibliometric analysis to examine AI-related research trends utilizing data from SCOPUS and conducts a survey to assess students' familiarity with and perceptions of AI. Data collection was facilitated through bibliometric instruments and an online survey incorporating Likert-scale and open-ended questions. Results and Discussion: The results underscore an increased focus on artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain within scholarly research, wherein students exhibit considerable engagement and interest in AI applications. Nevertheless, limitations in resources and ethical issues, including privacy and bias, persist as primary challenges. The discourse underscores the imperative for investment in infrastructure and the incorporation of ethical education. Research Implications: This research highlights the imperative for higher education institutions to integrate artificial intelligence tools, cultivate adaptive curricula, and address ethical considerations in order to adequately prepare students for a future shaped by AI. The implications of these findings also pertain to educational policy and the formulation of interdisciplinary research strategies. Originality/Value: The study contributes by delivering a comprehensive bibliometric analysis and gives insights into student engagement with artificial intelligence. Its significance resides in presenting actionable recommendations to enhance the integration of artificial intelligence in higher education.

This review paper examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into financial modeling and its implications for corporate strategy, with a particular focus on investment optimization. It explores various AI techniques, including machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning, and their transformative impact on traditional financial modeling practices. Key findings highlight the enhanced predictive accuracy, improved risk management, and personalized financial services that AI can provide. However, the integration of AI also poses significant challenges, such as data quality issues, algorithmic bias, and regulatory uncertainty. The review identifies critical opportunities for organizations to leverage AI-driven insights while addressing ethical considerations and promoting transparency. Ultimately, the paper underscores the importance of adopting AI in financial modeling to gain a competitive advantage in an increasingly data-driven financial landscape, while also advocating for responsible practices in AI deployment.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing patient outcomes, reducing costs, and increasing the efficiency of medical professionals. This mini-review explores the diverse applications of AI in healthcare, including disease diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and patient survival rate predictions. AI technologies such as Machine Learning (ML), deep learning, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) are becoming integral to modern healthcare practices. These technologies enable early disease detection, particularly in cases like cancer, by analyzing medical images and patient data, leading to more effective and personalized treatment strategies. Additionally, AI can predict patient outcomes by analyzing large datasets from electronic health records, providing valuable insights that can inform clinical decisions. However, the integration of AI in healthcare also presents significant ethical challenges. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and the potential for increased health inequalities need to be addressed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided guidelines emphasizing the ethical use of AI, highlighting the importance of designing AI systems that respect human rights and promote equity. As AI continues to advance, it is crucial to ensure its responsible and transparent use to maximize benefits and minimize risks. This review underscores the transformative potential of AI in healthcare while calling for vigilant ethical considerations to ensure that AI technologies are implemented in a manner that enhances patient care and upholds ethical standards.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in pharmaceutical research, revolutionizing the traditional process of drug discovery and development. Conventional methods are lengthy, costly, and prone to high failure rates, whereas AI provides a faster, data-driven, and more efficient alternative. Through techniques such as machine learning, deep learning, and predictive analytics, AI accelerates target identification, molecular design, and lead optimization while improving safety assessments and clinical trial efficiency. Current innovations, including protein structure prediction, generative AI models, and integration of multi-omics data, are reshaping modern drug discovery by enabling the development of novel and precise therapeutics. Moreover, AI contributes to post-market surveillance by detecting adverse reactions and ensuring ongoing drug safety. Despite its remarkable potential, several challenges persist, including data quality and standardization issues, limited model interpretability, regulatory uncertainty, and ethical considerations. Addressing these barriers requires collaboration between researchers, regulators, and technology experts to ensure transparency, reproducibility, and responsible implementation. Looking ahead, the integration of AI with quantum computing, systems biology, and personalized medicine is expected to significantly enhance innovation, reduce development timelines, and increase the overall success rate of new drugs. Ultimately, AI is paving the way for a new era of intelligent, efficient, and patient-centered pharmaceutical discovery.

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition characterized by excessive worry and anxiety, often impairing daily functioning and quality of life. The occurrence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is higher in females than in males. Traditional approaches to diagnosing and managing GAD rely heavily on subjective assessments, including self-report questionnaires and clinician evaluations, and resource-intensive therapeutic interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and medication. However, recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new and innovative avenues for enhancing mental healthcare delivery. AI-driven tools, including machine learning algorithms, natural language processing (NLP), and wearable sensors, offer promising solutions for the early and accurate diagnosis, personalized treatment, and remote monitoring of patients with GAD. AI technologies enable the analysis of speech, text, and physiological data to detect anxiety symptoms with remarkable precision, allowing for earlier interventions and more accurate clinical assessments. Furthermore, AI-powered chatbots, virtual reality therapies, and digital platforms provide scalable and cost-effective treatment options, improving accessibility to mental health services, especially in underserved or rural areas. Despite these benefits, the integration of AI in GAD care faces several challenges, including concerns about data privacy, algorithmic biases, and ethical considerations regarding the replacement of human therapists. This review explores the applications of AI in diagnosing and managing GAD, emphasizing its potential to transform mental health care practices. Key findings from the literature highlight AI’s ability to increase diagnostic accuracy, improve treatment efficiency, and increase patient engagement, whereas future research must address regulatory, implementation, and ethical barriers to fully realize its potential impact on GAD care.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly inducing revolutionary transformations in entire aspects of life. Integrating AI into the educational landscape is heralding a new era of pedagogical innovations and redefining learning experiences. As AI technologies continuously evolve, the integration of AI-driven systems in the instructional settings is an inevitable progression and a formidable opportunity. This study is a scholarly attempt to explore the multi-faceted implications of AI integration in the spectrum of education highlighting its potential to revamp the traditional models. Thorough analysis of extant literature reveals that AI-driven platforms facilitate personalized learning experience which can accommodate diverse needs and learning paces of individual students. In addition to this, AI technologies have the potential to revolutionize assessment techniques. As the conventional assessment models fail to capture the true reflections of learning progress, AI assisted models can track, measure, analyze the academic output and provide real-time feedback which is transparent and free form bias. Moreover, AI-powered models have streamlined the administrative tasks as well. By automating routine jobs, optimizing resource allocation, and improving decision making, AI is minimizing human effort and maximizing productivity. However, AI integration poses some challenges and drawbacks. The concerns like data privacy and security, inequality, accessibility, algorithm bias, dehumanization, over-reliance on AI technologies and other ethical considerations are also looming. This study also presents certain future directions and policy perspectives on how to overcome these challenges and build an educational landscape which has the potential to fully utilize the AI-driven systems for academic achievement and learning progress of the students. As AI is revolutionizing entire spheres of life including education, it is imperative to critically engage with both opportunities and challenges posed by AI ensuring the principles of fairness, inclusivity, and integrity.

This study explores the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI) in environmental health and public safety within the USA, focusing on pollution monitoring, emergency response, and sustainable practices for public. With the growing challenges posed by climate change, pollution, and emerging public health threats, the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in environmental health and public safety strategies has become imperative. This comprehensive review explores the diverse array of AI applications implemented in the United States to address environmental issues and enhance public safety measures. The paper analyzes the multifaceted role of AI across various domains, including air and water quality monitoring, disease surveillance, disaster response, and infrastructure resilience. The advancements in AI technologies that have revolutionized data collection, analysis, and prediction in environmental health are examined. Machine learning algorithms, sensor networks, and satellite imagery are examined as tools for real-time monitoring and early detection of environmental hazards. Additionally, the paper investigates the integration of AI in public health surveillance systems, showcasing how predictive analytics and data-driven models contribute to the identification and containment of infectious diseases. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the incorporation of AI in disaster management, emphasizing the role of predictive modeling and risk assessment in optimizing emergency response strategies. The implementation of smart city technologies and intelligent infrastructure systems is discussed, highlighting how AI contributes to enhancing public safety and minimizing the impact of natural disasters. The review also critically evaluates the ethical, legal, and privacy considerations associated with the widespread adoption of AI in environmental health and public safety initiatives. It addresses concerns related to data security, algorithmic biases, and the need for transparent and accountable governance frameworks. Through an in-depth analysis of case studies, policies, and initiatives, this review provides insights into the successes and challenges of AI implementation in the USA. It concludes with recommendations for future research directions and policy considerations to ensure the responsible and effective integration of AI technologies in safeguarding environmental health and public safety. The findings presented in this review contribute to the broader discourse on leveraging AI for sustainable and resilient communities in the face of evolving environmental and public health challenges.

The convergence of healthcare with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping medical practice with promising enhanced data-driven insights, automated decision-making, and remote patient monitoring. It has the transformative potential of these technologies to revolutionize diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. This study aims to explore the integration of IoT and AI in healthcare, outlining their applications, benefits, challenges, and potential risks. By synthesizing existing literature, this study aims to provide insights into the current landscape of AI, IoT, and AIoT in healthcare, identify areas for future research and development, and establish a framework for the effective use of AI in health. A comprehensive literature review included indexed databases such as PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Key search terms related to IoT, AI, healthcare, and medicine were employed to identify relevant studies. Papers were screened based on their relevance to the specified themes, and eventually, a selected number of papers were methodically chosen for this review. The integration of IoT and AI in healthcare offers significant advancements, including remote patient monitoring, personalized medicine, and operational efficiency. Wearable sensors, cloud-based data storage, and AI-driven algorithms enable real-time data collection, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning. However, challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and regulatory compliance must be addressed to ensure responsible deployment of these technologies. Integrating IoT and AI in healthcare holds immense promise for improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare delivery. Despite challenges such as data privacy concerns and algorithmic biases, the transformative potential of these technologies cannot be overstated. Clear governance frameworks, transparent AI decision-making processes, and ethical considerations are essential to mitigate risks and harness the full benefits of IoT and AI in healthcare.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data Analytics (BDA) are increasingly recognized as transformative forces that are reshaping industries, governance, and human society in profound ways. AI, with its foundations in machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and predictive modelling, requires vast amounts of data to train algorithms and generate reliable insights. Complementing this, BDA provides the scale, diversity, and velocity of data processing required to uncover hidden patterns, correlations, and trends within complex datasets. Together, AI and BDA form a synergistic paradigm in which Big Data serves as the fuel and AI operates as the engine, driving intelligent, data-driven innovation across multiple domains. Globally, AI-BDA applications are enabling predictive diagnostics, telemedicine platforms, genomic-driven personalized treatments, and advanced medical imaging, thereby enhancing both the accessibility and quality of care. In India, where the healthcare system must serve more than 1.4 billion citizens with limited resources, these technologies can play a pivotal role in addressing systemic challenges such as inadequate rural access, shortages of medical professionals, real-time disease surveillance, and hospital resource optimization. International best practices, including the NHS AI Lab in the United Kingdom, Mayo Clinic initiatives in the United States, and Ping a Good Doctor in China, provide models that India can adapt and scale to its unique demographic and infrastructural context. Despite their vast potential, the adoption of AI and BDA faces several barriers. Data privacy and cybersecurity remain critical concerns, particularly with the emergence of new regulations and the sensitive nature of health-related information. Additionally, algorithmic bias and the uneven availability of digital infrastructure could exacerbate existing inequities if not adequately addressed. Looking forward, advancements in Edge AI, Explainable AI (XAI), and quantum-enhanced analytics are expected to extend the scope and reliability of AI-BDA systems. This paper argues that the integration of AI and BDA is not merely a technological advancement but a paradigm shifts in how societies innovate, make decisions, and deliver essential services. Specifically, it highlights the need for a human-centric, ethical, and affordable approach to healthcare innovation in India in order to unlock the full transformative potential of these technologies. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Analytics, Healthcare Innovation, Predictive Diagnostics, Ethical AI, Edge AI.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming modern medicine by enabling the development of personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patients’ genomic, physiological, and behavioral data. With increasing access to large-scale biomedical datasets and advanced deep learning techniques, AI plays a central role in precision medicine by enhancing drug discovery, optimizing treatment schedules, and matching therapies to patient-specific profiles. This paper explores the historical evolution, current applications, and future potential of AI in clinical decision-making, particularly in oncology and neuroscience. Key AI technologies, such as machine learning, deep learning, and natural language processing, are examined in the context of their roles in diagnostics, treatment planning, and patient monitoring. Despite promising results, challenges such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, regulatory barriers, and the interpretability of AI-driven decisions continue to limit their full integration into clinical practice. The study highlights the importance of transparency, collaboration, and ethical oversight in advancing AI-driven healthcare solutions that are inclusive, reliable, and equitable. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Personalized Medicine, Deep Learning, Machine Learning, Clinical Decision Support, Precision Medicine.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education has the potential to revolutionize teaching and learning, particularly in the development of students’ critical thinking skills. This study explores science instructors' familiarity, perceptions, and experiences with using AI to enhance students' critical thinking skills, as well as the level of institutional support for AI integration in teaching. A quantitative survey was conducted among 20 science instructors from higher education institutions in Isabela, Philippines. The findings reveal that while instructors acknowledge AI's potential to improve educational outcomes, there is a significant gap in formal AI training and literacy among educators. Positive correlations were found between AI literacy, AI integration, and critical thinking development, suggesting that as AI literacy increases, AI integration and enhancement of critical thinking skills also increase. Regression analysis identified AI integration as a significant predictor of critical thinking development. Challenges remain in the effective implementation of AI, including concerns about overreliance on AI-generated responses and the need for clear assessment guidelines. Interestingly, years of teaching experience did not significantly influence participants’ AI literacy, perceptions, or integration. This study highlights the importance of developing comprehensive AI literacy programs for educators and integrating AI into curriculum structures to balance AI-enhanced learning with human-centered pedagogy. These findings emphasize the need for thoughtful implementation and ongoing research to effectively leverage AI in promoting critical thinking skills in science education.

This systematic literature review examines the ethical frameworks surrounding the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in the professional practices of higher education lecturers. As AI becomes increasingly prevalent in academia, it presents ethical challenges, including concerns about academic integrity, data privacy, algorithmic fairness, and its responsible implementation in teaching and research. These issues underscore the need for robust ethical guidelines to support educators in navigating the complexities of AI integration. The study aims to analyze existing ethical frameworks for AI adoption in higher education, identify key challenges and opportunities in AI integration, and develop comprehensive guidelines for responsible AI implementation. The methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines, employing qualitative systematic review through content analysis and thematic synthesis. Advanced searches in Scopus and Web of Science databases identified 34 primary studies that met the inclusion criteria, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published in 2024 about AI ethics in higher education. The findings were divided into three themes: (1) Ethical Concerns and Academic Integrity, (2) Pedagogical Strategies and Educational Impact and (3) Policies and Frameworks for AI Integration. Results indicate a growing need for standardized ethical frameworks, with 85% of studies emphasizing the importance of balancing innovation with ethical considerations. Conclusions highlight the necessity for adaptable and inclusive frameworks that prioritize accountability, transparency, and equity in AI use within higher education.

While artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative benefits for businesses, the road to successful adoption is often filled with technical, financial, and cultural hurdles. This chapter explores the most common barriers to AI integration and provides strategic solutions to overcome them, ensuring that businesses—especially small enterprises—can effectively harness AI’s potential. The chapter first examines technical difficulties, including data management issues, AI system integration challenges, and a lack of in-house expertise. It outlines practical solutions, such as data enrichment, phased AI implementation, and workforce upskilling, to help businesses navigate these complexities. Financial constraints, such as high initial costs, uncertain return on investment, and ongoing maintenance expenses, are also analyzed. The chapter provides cost-effective AI adoption strategies, including scalable AI solutions, leveraging cloud-based AI services, and securing grants or partnerships to mitigate financial risks. Additionally, the chapter delves into cultural and organizational resistance, addressing employee concerns, leadership alignment, and the need for AI literacy. Strategies for fostering an AI-ready culture include transparent communication, structured training programs, and leadership-driven AI advocacy. Lastly, ethical considerations—such as AI bias, transparency, data privacy, and regulatory compliance—are discussed to ensure responsible AI adoption. By the end of this chapter, business owners and entrepreneurs will be equipped with actionable insights to overcome AI adoption challenges and drive ethical, efficient, and sustainable AI integration in their organizations.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the accounting profession, offering transformative capabilities for automating tasks, enhancing decision-making, and improving financial accuracy. As AI becomes integral to accounting practices, it brings both significant opportunities and notable ethical challenges. This review examines the intersection of AI and ethical accounting, providing insights into how professionals can navigate the evolving landscape. The adoption of AI in accounting introduces opportunities for increased efficiency and accuracy. AI systems can handle repetitive tasks such as data entry, reconciliation, and transaction categorization, freeing accountants to focus on strategic activities. Advanced AI algorithms can analyze large volumes of financial data to identify patterns, detect anomalies, and provide real-time insights, enhancing decision-making and forecasting accuracy. Moreover, AI-driven predictive analytics can aid in risk assessment and management, helping organizations to anticipate and mitigate potential financial threats. However, the integration of AI in accounting also raises significant ethical concerns. One of the primary challenges is ensuring transparency and accountability in AI decision-making processes. As AI systems often operate as "black boxes," understanding and explaining their outputs can be difficult, potentially leading to issues of trust and compliance. Ethical accounting necessitates that AI systems be designed with transparency in mind, providing clear explanations for their decisions and actions. Data privacy and security represent another critical ethical consideration. The extensive use of financial data by AI systems necessitates robust measures to protect sensitive information from breaches and unauthorized access. Accountants must ensure that AI systems comply with data protection regulations and ethical standards, safeguarding the confidentiality and integrity of financial data. Bias and fairness in AI algorithms are also pressing ethical issues. If not properly addressed, biases in AI systems can lead to unfair outcomes, such as biased financial recommendations or discriminatory practices. Ensuring fairness requires ongoing monitoring and evaluation of AI systems to identify and mitigate biases. In conclusion, while AI offers substantial benefits for the accounting profession, it also presents ethical challenges that must be carefully managed. Accountants must navigate these challenges by promoting transparency, ensuring data privacy and security, and addressing biases in AI systems. By doing so, the accounting profession can harness the potential of AI while upholding ethical standards and maintaining public trust. Keywords: AI, Ethical Accounting, Navigating, Challenges, Opportunities.