AI-Driven VTuber Brand Management for E-Commerce Competencies

With the coming of the information age, computer-based teaching model has had an important impact on English teaching. Since 2004, the trial instruction on Network-assisted Language Teaching (NALT) Model integrating the English instruction and computer technology has been launched at some universities in China, including China university of Geosciences (Beijing) (CUGB). The purpose of this paper is to provide experimental evidence about whether NALT Model can enhance undergraduate English skills more effectively than the traditional teaching model. In this study, an experimental study is conducted to get the data (students’ exam scores from experimental group and control group). Then a comparison method is utilized to analyze the experiment data that is the final examinations of every semester from the fall semester of 2005 to the fall semester of 2006 at CUGB. The results of a separate independent t-test demonstrate significant differences between experimental and control groups in mid-test and post-test with SPSS 11.5. Then a graphical model Plane Analysis Model (Li & Xie, 1994) is used to analyze the statistical characteristics of both groups’ scores. The results show that the whole distribution of the experimental group’s scores in the post-test is totally in the best state. Above study results indicate NALT model is indeed more effective than the traditional classroom teaching model in improving undergraduate English skills. This study contributes to the better realization of the effect of NALT model, and urges researchers to deepen the study of this field in future.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of traditional and game-based teaching models on the acquisition of volleyball skills in adolescent boys. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study employed a pretest-posttest design with two experimental groups: the traditional teaching model and the game-based teaching model. A total of 40 male students aged 10–13 years, with no prior volleyball experience, were randomly assigned to either the traditional group (n = 20) or the game-based group (n = 20). Participants underwent an 8-week training program (2 sessions per week). Volleyball skills were measured using standardized tests for overhead serve, forearm pass, and setting skills. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and ANCOVA was used to analyze the differences between groups while controlling for baseline scores. Findings: Both teaching models significantly improved volleyball skills across all variables (p < .05). The traditional teaching model showed slightly higher posttest scores for technical skills, with moderate effect sizes (partial eta squared = 0.32–0.35). The game-based teaching model demonstrated significant improvements as well, particularly in fostering applied and situational learning, with effect sizes ranging from 0.24 to 0.27. Conclusion: While both methods are effective in improving volleyball skills, the traditional teaching model excels in enhancing technical precision, whereas the game-based teaching model better supports decision-making, teamwork, and applied skill development. Combining these approaches is recommended to optimize skill acquisition and overall performance in volleyball training for adolescents.

Objective To improve the effect of standardized residency training in radiology department by establishing WeChat learning platform, image teaching system and RIS-based report scoring and reporting feedback system, and adopting the process-based evaluation model, making multiple assessments at different time points and giving feedback. To explore whether the daily reports writing and doctor's scores can be used to evaluate the learning effect by analyzing the correlation between report score, the relearning time and the examination results. Methods The experimental control method was adopted. Twenty-seven trainees who participated in standardized training in Peking University Third Hospital were selected, including 12 trainees in 2017 as the experimental group and 15 trainees in 2016 as the control group. Two groups of trainees were similar in composition. In training, the experimental group was adopted the network learning platform teaching model, while the control group was adopted the traditional teaching model. After the training, results of X ray and CT were compared between the experimental group and control group. Results of different trainees in the experimental group were compared. Correlations between scores, relearn time and exams, one-stage mock examination were analyzed. Results The average scores of X ray: (85.7±6.9) in the experimental group and (80.0±7.7) in the control group, there was statistically significant difference in X ray scores (t=-1.988, P>0.05). The average scores of CT were (86.8±5.7) in the experimental group and were (81.1±7.5) in the control group, there was statistically significant difference in CT scores (t=-2.198, P<0.05). The experimental group was divided into two groups according to the source of trainees. There were differences of X ray examination, CT examination and one-stage mock examination between two groups (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis was made between the proportion of median score, superior doctor's score, median report relearning time and X ray and CT examination. The scores of X ray and CT examination were negatively correlated to the proportion of median scores, and relearning time, and were positively correlated to the scores of superior doctors. The relearning time after examination was negatively correlated to the results of one-stage mock examination. Conclusions The process evaluation model based on network learning platform improves the effect of standardized resident training and the ability to master professional knowledge. The correlations between scores, relearning time and examination results indicate that the daily report writing and the doctor's scores can be used to evaluate the learning effect. At the same time, the role of rating should be strengthened and the quality of report writing should be improved in the further. Key words: Networking; WeChat; Residents' standardized training; Process evaluation

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of Adaptive Web-Based Interactive Tutoring (AWBIT) in transforming digital learning and improving students' digital literacy in the Calculus course at the Department of Mathematics Education, State University of Medan. The study used a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design, involving two classes as experimental and control groups. The experimental group used AWBIT, while the control group used conventional learning. The instruments used include pretest and posttest tests, student response questionnaires, and validation of material and media experts. The validation results showed that AWBIT was very feasible to use, with an average score of 3.38 from material experts and 3.43 from media experts. Students responded positively to AWBIT, with an average questionnaire score of 3.35 and a practicality rating of 3.75.Statistical tests show that the data is distributed normally and homogeneously. The t-test results showed a significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups, with a gain score of 0.61 in the experimental group and 0.34 in the control group. These findings show that AWBIT is effective in improving students' learning outcomes and digital literacy. This system provides adaptive, interactive, and personalized learning tailored to each student's needs. This research supports the integration of technology into learning and aligns with the implementation of the Independent Curriculum and the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) approach in higher education.

BackgroundNuclear medicine is an interdisciplinary field that integrates basic science with clinical medicine. The traditional classroom teaching model lacks interactive and efficient teaching methods and does not adequately address the learning needs and educational goals associated with standardized training for residents. The teaching model that combines Small Private Online Courses (SPOCs) with a flipped classroom approach is more aligned with the demands of real-life scenarios and workplace requirements, thereby assisting students in developing comprehensive literacy and practical problem-solving skills. However, this innovative teaching model has yet to be implemented in Nuclear medicine courses. This study aimed to explore whether the post-training competence for residents can be improved based on this new teaching model.MethodsA total of 103 first-year residents from Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 52) or a control group (n = 51) between July 2019 and June 2023. The experimental group utilized a SPOC and flipped classroom-blended teaching model, while the control group received traditional lecture-based learning (LBL). We assessed the theoretical evaluation scores and questionnaire responses from both groups to determine the effectiveness of the new pedagogical approach.ResultsResidents in the experimental group demonstrated a superior understanding of nuclear medicine content compared to those in the control group, achieving higher scores on pre-class assessments, after-class tests, and final exams (P < 0.01). A majority of the residents in the experimental group expressed that the innovative teaching model, which integrated SPOC and a flipped classroom approach, significantly enhanced their motivation and contributed to the development of their ‘professional skills,’ ‘patient care,’ ‘interaction and teamwork,’ ‘teaching proficiency,’ and ‘learning capabilities’. The teaching satisfaction survey indicated that the experimental group reported significantly higher levels of ‘overall satisfaction,’ as well as greater satisfaction with ' teaching methodologies ' and ' fulfillment of targeted clinical skills,’ compared to the control group (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe SPOC and flipped classroom teaching model is better than traditional LBL in enriching residents’ professional knowledge and cultivating their post-training competence. It can effectively promote educational quality, improve residents’ learning, and enhance their satisfaction.

Objective: To explore the application effect of PBL mode in clinical nursing teaching model. Methods: 40 nursing students who were internships from June 2017 to April 2018 in our hospital were selected as subjects. They were divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group, with 20 in each group. The control group used the traditional teaching model, and the experimental group used the PBL teaching model to compare the clinical teaching effects of the two groups of nursing students. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups of nursing students in the basic nursing knowledge, the professional practice operation under the simulated clinical operating environment and the basic nursing operation (P&gt;0.05), in the clinical operation environment, the professional practice evaluation results of the experimental group were signifcantly better than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically signifcant (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The PBL teaching model has a good teaching effect in clinical nursing teaching, which can effectively improve the professional practice level of nursing students in the clinical environment and meet the requirements of modern clinical nursing professional ability level, therefore, the PBL mode is worthy of popularization and application in clinical nursing teaching.

Objective To discuss application effects and student role of the self-service teaching model in biochemistry theory teaching.Methods The clinical students of Grade 2008 were divided into the experimental group ( 190 person ) and the control group ( 181 person ) at random.The traditional teaching model was used in the control group and self-service teaching model was adopted in the experimental group.The teaching effect was compared by the questionnaire and terminal examinations.Results The experimental group was significantly higher than the control group in average scores.Students were satisfied with the teaching effect.Conclusion The self-service teaching method is superior compared with the traditional teaching,and the self-service teaching model can improve the teaching quality of biochemistry. Key words: Biochemistry; Self-service teaching; Role of students

“A Study was conducted to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Hand and Foot Massage on Pain among Post caesarean mothers at Selected Hospitals, Salem”. Quasi experimental pre test post test control group design was adopted. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 post caesarean mothers among which 30 were assigned to experimental group and 30 were assigned to control group. The data was collected using structured interview schedule. Pre test was done for both experimental and control group by using Numerical pain intensity scale. Hand and Foot Massage was given for the experimental group for 20 minutes two times a day at 4hrs for first two days (morning and evening) and withheld for control group. Post test was done for both experimental and control group by using the same scale. The study findings showed that in experimental group, 14 (46.67%) of the post caesarean mothers belong to the age group of 26-30 and 12 (40%) of them belong to the age group of 21-25 years in control group 14 (46.66%) of them belong to the age group of 21-25 years. In experimental group, 15 (50%) had completed higher secondary education and in control group 12 (40%) had higher secondary education. In experimental group, 23 (76.67%) of them were unemployed, whereas in control group 20 (66.67%) of them were unemployed. In experimental group 24 (80%) were multi gravid, whereas in control group 17 (56.67%) were multi gravid. In experimental group 24 (80%) had previous history of caesarean section and in control group 15 (50%) had history of both. The mean pre test score in experimental group was 6.4±0.56 and mean post test score was 3.5±0.79. The ‘t’ value was 33.72 which is significant at p≤0.05 level. Hence H1 was retained at p≤0.05 level. The mean score in experimental group was 3.5±0.79 and mean score in control group was 6.1±0.65. The ‘t’ value was 15.66 which was significant at p≤0.05 level. Hence H2 was retained at p≤0.05 level. There was a significant association between educational status and pain among post caesarean mothers in experimental group. Hence H3 was retained at p≤0.05 level. There was no significant association between demographic variables and pain among post caesarean mothers in control group. Hence H3 was rejected at p≥0.05 level. Hence Hand and Foot Massage is one of the alternative and complementary therapies, which is simple, safe and cost effective and found to be effective in reducing pain after caesarean section and also promotes psychological wellbeing of the mother.

Background and Aim: Improvisational dance, as a vital component of art education, plays a crucial role in fostering students' creativity and artistic expression. However, traditional dance teaching models often focus on skill training and neglect the cultivation of improvisational abilities. This study explores the application and effectiveness of the Dalcroze method in improvisational dance teaching. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Dalcroze method in enhancing students' creativity and improvisational dance abilities, addressing the limitations of traditional skill-focused teaching models. Materials and Methods: This study examines the effect of the Dalcroze method on the improvisational dance skills of tenth-grade students. A 16-week experiment was conducted with 30 participants, divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The experimental group received training in the Dalcroze method, including body rhythm, auditory training, and improvisation, while the control group underwent traditional dance instruction. The research tools included an improvisational dance ability scale and a dance creativity scale, assessing technical quality, musical processing ability, and creativity. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, with t-tests employed to evaluate differences between the two groups. Results: Students in the experimental group who underwent training in the Dalcroze method demonstrated significant improvements compared to the control group in several areas: creative thinking skills (mean score 2.96±1.31, p&lt;0.05), creative performance ability (mean score 2.75±1.25, p&lt;0.05), technical quality (mean score 17.12±1.85, p&lt;0.05), and musical processing ability (mean score 16.39±1.36, p&lt;0.05). The experimental group's average scores in all metrics were higher than those of the control group, indicating that the Dalcroze method has a significant positive effect on enhancing students' improvisational dance abilities. Conclusion: The Dalcroze method effectively enhances students' improvisational dance abilities and creativity, offering new teaching strategies for dance education. These findings suggest that the Dalcroze method can serve as a valuable tool for enhancing creativity in dance education. Future research should explore its application in diverse educational contexts and with larger sample sizes.

Objective To understand the influence of PDCA cyclecombined with LBL/TBL teaching models on the problem-solving ability and clinical training of pharmacy interns so as to improve the teaching quality of hospital pharmacy practice. Methods A total of 126 hospital pharmacy interns were randomly divided into the control group (63 interns) and the experimental group (63 interns). The control group was taught with LBL/TBL teaching models, while the experimental group was taught with PDCA cycle combined with LBL/TBL teaching models. Questionnaires were used to investigate the problem-solving ability, the teaching effect of clinical training, and the satisfaction in the two groups after the clinical training. Results The scores of positive problem orientation and rational problem solving were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of negative problem orientation, avoidance style, impulsivity/carelessness style were lower in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05). The scores of theoretical knowledge (86.5±8.5) and clinical skills (87.0±7.2) were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Besides, the investigation on the satisfaction to clinical training showed that the practical ability, teamwork consciousness and self-learning ability were better in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). The total satisfaction of the experimental group was 92.2%, higher than that of the control group (83.5%) (P<0.05). Conclusion PDCA cycle combined with LBL/TBL teaching models can improve the problem-solving ability and the teaching effect of clinical training in pharmacy interns, which deserves wider application. Key words: Pharmacy practice; Team-based learning; Lecture-based learning; PDCA cycle; Problem-solving ability

The instructional-educational process in learning to swim plays a crucial role in children's development. Approaching methods and use in training practices of all ages and performance levels have been the subject of ever deeper research, so that the effectiveness of training in this area is increasingly visible. The issue of motivation in sports is a topical issue because it is essential for athletes' involvement and performance. Although material stimulation can be considered an important factor in motivating athletes, it is not necessarily enough to commit them to an extremely difficult and risky path, such as that of performance sports. Athletes' motivation stems from a complex combination of factors, including passion for sport, the desire to demonstrate their skills and talents, the aspiration to achieve personal and collective goals, and the desire to achieve recognition and satisfaction through sporting success. The purpose of the research is to identify the level of motivation for swimming and performance of children aged 9-10 years. Research method: the test Motivation for swimming of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation after N. Luskanova) The test was applied by the researcher in October 2022 to a number of 30 children aged 9-10 who practice swimming in the Tirgoviște Swimming Complex and CSȘ Tirgoviște Swimming Pool. Depending on age, we have, within the experimental group, 7 children aged 9 and 8 children aged 10. Within the control group, we identify 6 children aged 9 years and 9 children aged 10 years. We observe that the two groups are homogeneous, referring to the age variable. Regarding the gender of the subjects who are part of the group subjected to the experiment, we observe homogeneity in terms of gender, in each group there are 5 girls and 10 boys. The distribution according to the residential environment from which they come is as follows: from the experimental group 3 subjects come from the rural environment and 12 from the urban environment, and in the control group 1 subject comes from the rural environment and 14 from the urban environment The test results can be seen in Table 1. The difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not significant from a statistical point of view, since the values of the statistical indicators are close, we observe small differences between them.Table 1. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group (n=20 boys)tabelThe differences between the two groups in the statistical indicators are variable, the difference between the averages is small, 0.6 points, in the standard deviation the difference between the groups is 0.77 points, the minimums recorded are equal to 15 points, and the difference between the maximums of the groups is 1 point. These results show homogeneity regarding the level of motivation between the experimental group and that of the control group. Table 2. Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, boystabelWe find that the level of motivation for swimming of the interviewed subjects is good. On the first level are ranked 2 subjects from the experimental group SC with 26 points and CR with 25 points, and from the control group subject MR with 25 points. These subjects have a very good motivation to practice swimming. On the second level, a number of 3 subjects from experimental group II are ranked with 24 points, AN with 23 points, AT with 20 points and six control subjects BM with 24 points, NA and RN with 23 points each, CI, AI and VE with 21 points each. The motivation of these subjects is characterized as good. Level III, respectively of relatively good motivation, has 5 subjects from the experimental group in the ranking: DF with 19 points, MG with 18 points, BL and IA with 17 points, GI with 15 points. In the control group, three subjects were registered on this level: BG with 19 points, RO with 18 points and DC with 15 points. None of the subjects was ranked on level IV-weak motivation and on level 5-very weak motivation. Overall, the motivation of 9-10 year olds for swimming is good and relatively good. In the following we will analyze the results recorded by the girls' teams. Table 3. Distribution of results on the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years (adaptation according to N. Luskanova), experimental group and control group, (n= 5 girls)tabelThe difference between the values obtained between the experimental and control groups is not statistically significant as the values of the statistical indicators are close in value. The difference between the averages of the two groups is 1.04 points, the standard deviation being 2.82 points in the case of the experimental group and 1.49 in the case of the control group. The difference between the minimum values is 1 point, and between the maximum values is 4 points in favor of the experimental group. The results obtained by the girls from the two groups subjected to the experiment, in the Motivation for swimming test of children aged 9-10 years, are as follows: on the first level, with a very good motivation, only GM ranked with 26 points, from the experimental group , on level II, with good motivation, the subjects AF with 22 points and BM with 20 points from the experimental group and DV with 22 points, AN and IF with 20 points each from the control group are highlighted. On level III, relatively good motivation, there are EL with 19 points and MT with 18 points from the experimental group and BP and NO with 18 points each from the control group. Table 4 Analysis of the level of motivation for swimming in the experimental and control groups, girlstabelConclusions The analysis of the obtained data shows us that both groups subjected to the experiment, both in the case of boys and girls, have a good motivation for swimming, but there is a need to increase the level of motivation to maintain interest in this sport and to register performance, through specific activities. We believe that an increased level of motivation among children between the ages of 9 and 10 in swimming practice can have a significant impact on their development both in sports and personally. In correlation with the research results, we propose the following recommendations: - For each group of children, by age level, a psychological training program targeting the motivational component will be developed, which will be integrated into the training process. This program will be adapted to the specific needs of the group and will aim to adapt motivation and, implicitly, sports performance. - The psychological training program will include strategies and techniques to support the development of children's motivation for swimming, promoting commitment, the desire to excel and perseverance in training and competitions. This could include, among other things, visualization sessions, stability of personal goals, working with thoughts and emotions to maintain a positive mindset and focus on success.

Objective To explore the application effect of flipped classroom in the epidemiological teaching for undergraduate, so as to obtain students' attitudes and evaluations of flipped classroom. Methods Totally 2 classes of preventive medical students of Grade 2013 in Tianjin Medical University were selected. They were divided into experimental group and control group, each class have 60 students. Flipped classroom was used in the experimental group while traditional teaching was used in the control group. The theory test scores, practice scores, case analysis scores and total scores of the two groups were compared to evaluate the teaching effect before and after the course. A questionnaire was used in the experimental group to investigate their attitudes and evaluations about flipped classroom. Results After the course was implemented, the theory scores (t=5.762, P<0.001), case analysis scores (t=7.525, P<0.001) and total scores (t=7.947, P<0.001) of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant. Most of the students in the experimental group had positive attitude on the flipped classroom. Conclusions The flipped classroom education in undergraduate learning epidemiological teaching has shown a better learning outcome. Flipped classroom was highly rated by students who have accepted the teaching. Flipped classroom is an effective teaching, which can be used as a reference for further epidemiology teaching in undergraduate. Key words: Flipped classroom; Epidemiology; Teaching model; Teaching evaluation

Traditional lecture-based instruction in Indonesian elementary Social Studies education often results in passive student participation and suboptimal learning outcomes. This study examined the effectiveness of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) as an alternative pedagogical approach to enhance student engagement and academic achievement in fourth-grade Social Studies instruction. A quasi-experimental study with nonequivalent control group design was conducted at SD Negeri 9 Palu, involving 26 fourth-grade students randomly assigned to experimental (n=13) and control (n=13) groups. The experimental group received eight weeks of PjBL instruction focusing on human body organ systems through collaborative investigations, while the control group received conventional lecture-based teaching. Data were collected using a validated 20-item multiple-choice achievement test administered as pretest and posttest. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, assumption testing, independent samples t-tests, and paired samples t-tests with significance set at α = 0.05. The experimental group achieved significantly higher posttest scores (M = 88.07, SD = 6.62) compared to the control group (M = 80.38, SD = 9.23), with a statistically significant difference (t = 2.416, p = 0.024) and large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.95). Both groups showed significant within-group improvements, but the experimental group demonstrated greater consistency in learning outcomes with substantially reduced variance (474.35 to 43.91). Project-Based Learning significantly enhances Social Studies learning outcomes and promotes more equitable educational experiences among fourth-grade students. The findings support the implementation of student-centered pedagogical approaches in Indonesian elementary education contexts. Future research should examine PjBL effectiveness across larger samples and extended intervention periods while exploring individual learner characteristics that may influence outcomes.

Introduction Pregnancy and birthing are two supernatural processes that form the creation of life. Many pregnant women prefer caesarean section due to labour pain. To reduce the complications and enhance the early recovery of mother, early ambulation is very effective. Caesarean section mothers still lie straight in bed for minimum 24 hours. Through the research study, I would like to encourage the post-partum mothers for early ambulation and check the effects of early ambulation on involution of uterus. Objective: To assess the involution of uterus in control and interventional group among post-natal caesarean mothers in pre-test. To evaluate the effectiveness of selected intervention in experimental group on involution of uterus after early ambulation. To find the association between pre-test intervention score with selected socio demographic variables. Method: The study design was quasi experimental research design in which total 70 samples were selected through purposive sampling technique, 35 samples were in control group and 35 samples were in experimental group. In this study, researcher assessed fundal height just after 6 hours of caesarean section delivery and initiated early ambulation which involves Assist patient in sitting position, assist in standing position and walking, breathing exercises, kegal exercises and leg sliding exercises. fundal height is monitored in experimental group after intervention and in control group also, to measure the differences between the fundal height. Results: The findings showed that the pretest mean score of control group was 17.23 with SD 0.899 similarily in experimental group was 17.10 with SD 0.778. The post-test mean score for control group was12.986 with SD 0.660 similarly in experimental group 10.083 with SD 1.376. P value in pretest was 0.5338 which was no significant showed that no significance difference between experimental and control group before intervention and p value of post test in control and experimental group is 0.0001 which was significant showed that there was significant difference in post test level of uterine involution among post natal caesarean mothers in control and experimental group. The mean difference between pretest &amp; posttest of control group was 4.249 and in experimental group means difference was 7.026 this showed that there was significant effect of early ambulation in involution of uterus among post natal caesarean mothers. There was significant mean difference between post test of control and experimental group showed significant reduction in fundal height after early ambulation in experimental group. Conclusion: Therefore early ambulation was effective in reducing fundal height after caesarean section in post natal mothers.

A study of two 100-person groups of juvenile delinquents born in 1959 was conducted in the years 1981‒1985 at the Department of Criminology, Institute of Legal Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences. The first (experimental) group consisted of boys randomly selected from the total of 225 juveniles born in 1959 who had committed at least on offence while intoxicated. The other (control) group were 100 randomly juveniles selected from the entire population of 8196 juvenile delinquents born in 1959. None of the juveniles selected for the experimental group happened to find themselves in the control group as well. As shown by the findings, the juveniles who had committed at least one offence while intoxicated were much more demoralized as a group than the whole of juvenile delinquents. It seemed interesting, therefore, to follow the further fates of both groups as adults. The follow-up period was 7 years; until that time, all of the examined persons reached the age of 25 when the average Polish man be- comes stabilized to some extent, having graduated from university, worked for several or a dozen years (upon completion of secondary or elementary education respectively), and frequently having also established a family. Data on the life situation of the young men from both examined groups on their 25th birthday were obtained from the following four sources: ‒ the Central Register of Convicted Persons kept by the Ministry of Justice, and the Register of Convicted and Detained Persons where criminal records of the entire sample were checked; ‒ files of criminal cases of all men with criminal records (47.0% of the experimental and 35.0% of the control group); the files concerned criminal proceedings before common courts for offences committed after coming of age; ‒ questionnaire survey of 63.0% of the experimental and 66.0% of the control group; ‒ inquiry submitted to the sobering-up stations concerning the entire sample. As shown by the findings, 24.0% of the experimental and 13.0% of the control group established their own families before the age of 25. The proportions are high, as regards the experimental group in particular: erly in the 1980s, the newly married constituted about 10% of the total male population aged 20‒24 in Poland. The mean educational level was higher in the control compared to the experimental group; this concerns first and foremost cases of education higher than the elmementary technical (of which there were two in the experimental compared to ten in the control group). Moreover, no cases of illiteracy could be found in the control group, compared to one such case in the experimental group. Of all the men of the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 80.4% had a regular job, and 19.6% stayed out of job or worked casually. Of the control group, 80.0% had a regular job (33% combining job with school), 18.3% stayed out of job or worked casually, and one person had entered university. The number of convicted persons in the experimental group (47) was larger compared to the control group (35) by 12.0%, the difference being significant. Also relapse into crime was higher in the expenmental group (l5 vs. 11 cases). The first offence committed by those convicted as young adults was mainly one against property: 35 cases in the experimental group (66.0% of all those convicted) and 28 cases in the control group (80.0%). The second most frequent offence of members of the experimental group was an aggressive act: against life and health, freedom, personal dignity and inviolability (10 persons, i.e. 18.8% of all those convicted). The offences of this type included: bodily injury (Art. 156 of the penal code – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); participation in a brawl or beating (Art. 158 and 159 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); infringement of bodily inviolability (Art. 182 – 3 persons, i.e. 6.4%); assault against a public functionary (Art. 233 and 234 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%); insult against a public functionary (Art. 236 – 1 person, i.e. 2.1%). In the control group, 6 cases of such offences could be found (9.1% of all those convicted); yet the only offence under Art. 148 1 of the penal code, that is homicide, had been committed by a member of that goup.The other discussed figures and proportions were respectively: Art. l58, 159 – 3 persons, i.e. 8.6%; Art. 182 – 1 person (2.9%); Art. 233, 234 – 1 person (2.9%); and Art. 236 – 1 person (29%). Beside offences, the two groups manifested also other synptoms of social maladjustment. The symptoms found most often in both groups were: “contacts with persons known to the police as delinquent” and stays at the sobering-up station. As regards the experimental group, the third frequent symptom were brawls in the place of residence followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and avoidance of work. In the control group, avoidance of work ranked third, followed by bad opinion with neighbors, hooliganism, and brawls at the place of residence. This ranking of frequency of the symptoms of social maladjustment points to a greater aggressiveness of the young men from the experimental group. On the 63 young men from the experimental group concerning whom data could be obtained, 62 (98.0%) drank alcohol. In the control group 59 (89.0%) of the 66 concerning whom data could be obtained were drinkers. The group of drinkers included all those who had drunk several times a week already as juveniles, and 70% of those who had drunk once a week. In the control group, drinkers included 91.7% of those who had drunk as juvoniles (11 of 12 cases). Of those who had drunk as juveniles in the control group, 66.7% (8 cases) were convicted as adults. As shown by the discussed data, young men from the experimental group – those who committed as juveniles at least one offence while intoxicated prove much inferior in terms of the social situation to other men who also committed offences as juveniles but did not drink alcohol. Therefore, early alcohol consumption among juvenile delinquents is an important factor of a negative prognosis as to the further fates of such persons. A number of postulates have been formulated, addressed at the prosecuting agencies, criminal justice, and institutions designed to assist persons in extraordinary situation. With respect to the present sample, all such postulates acquire special importance and must be met without fail. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi kontynuację opracowania: Nieletni sprawcy przestępstw popełnionych pod wpływem alkoholu, „Archiwum Kryminologii” 1991, t. XVIII.