Algorithmic fairness as sociotechnical system

The article deals with the urgent problem of trust in the legal profession and its impact on the effectiveness of protection of human rights and the activities of society itself. The necessity of cooperation between ethical principles and legal norms in the context of human rights protection is substantiated. The focus is on the analysis of the interaction between ethics and legal norms, as well as their reflection in the modern legal system, and emphasises the universality and inviolability of human rights and their important role as guidelines for society and the state.
 Adherence to ethical norms and legal standards plays a significant role in ensuring public trust in lawyers and, ultimately, in the performance of the profession of lawyer - the protection of human rights and dignity in the modern legal environment. Interaction is fundamental to the modern legal system. Ethical principles, based on justice and goodness, shape moral behaviour and contribute to the development of the legal community. Legal norms, in turn, regulate the behaviour of citizens and organisations in society.
 The article emphasises the universality and inviolability of human rights, which are fundamental principles that apply to everyone without exception. They are based on general principles of justice and dignity that should not be limited to specific cultural or religious contexts. Human rights serve as a guide for the development and application of legal norms. Many ethical principles, such as those of justice and equality, are reflected in human rights and are an important component of both ethics and human rights. Many constitutions and international treaties protect fundamental rights and freedoms. Interaction of ethics and legal norms in the context of modern society and its moral development. The professional ethics of the advocate is an important component in the formation of a fair, dignified and effective legal environment. Compliance with ethical norms and legal standards is an integral part of the advocate's work in the society.

Darkness, Datafication, and Provenance as an Illuminating Methodology

The article analyzes approaches to understanding the concept, content and essence of the principle of equality of all participants in the administrative process before the law and the court. Were researched the primary definitions of the concept of the principle, the researched principle was considered through the prism of the principles of justice and the general constitutional principles of equality. This article determines that the principle of equality of all participants in the administrative process before the law and the court has many aspects, most of which are not fixed and not fully disclosed in Article 8 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine. It stems from the constitutional principle of equality of human rights and freedoms and equality of citizens before the law, general principles of justice (including the general principle of equality of all participants in the legal process before the law and the court) and is imposed on the specifics of administrative-procedural relations. The article provides an interpretation of the content of the principle of equality of parties to the legal process, which was carried out in the Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine dated 12.04.2012 in case No. 9-рп/2012 (on the constitutional appeal of the village of Troyan A. P. regarding the official interpretation of the provisions of Article 24 of the Constitution of Ukraine). The positions of a number of scientists who expand the limitation of the content of the principle of all participants in the administrative process before the law and the court, which are specified in Part 2 Art. 8 Сode of administrative proceedings of Ukraine. The article proposes a definition of the concept of the principle of equality of all participants in the administrative process before the law and the court in a broad and narrow sense, taking into account doctrinal provisions regarding the essence and content of this principle and the general specific properties of administrative proceedings, a certain «procedural inequality» of participants in the administrative process in their statuses and tort capacity.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital age offers substantial benefits by enhancing efficiency and productivity. Nevertheless, these developments also pose significant challenges to the protection of human rights. Issues such as privacy violations, algorithmic bias, discrimination, and opaque automated decision-making highlight the need for a strong integration of ethical values and legal frameworks in the use of AI. This study applies a normative legal method supported by literature-based research to examine the existing regulatory frameworks and the ethical principles underpinning them. The findings indicate that ethical principles such as transparency, accountability, fairness, and human-centeredness serve as essential moral guidelines to prevent AI misuse. Meanwhile, legal rules ensure certainty, establish accountability mechanisms, and provide sanctions for violations. The synergy between ethics and law forms a crucial foundation to ensure that technological innovation aligns with the protection of human rights, upholds human dignity, and supports the creation of a safe and just digital environment

AI and data-driven systems are transforming child protection as they enable early detection of risk factors and more effective intervention. AI-driven tools survey online conversations, behavior patterns, and real-time whereabouts to enhance child safety, while cybersecurity and blockchain technology are increasingly used to protect the identity and personal data of children. Virtual reality supports safety education by simulating dangerous scenarios in controlled environments, and big data analytics help predict and prevent abuse or neglect through early warning systems. These innovations are particularly promising in contexts with limited human resources, where automated systems can augment decision-making and optimize resource allocation. However, challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, inconsistent data quality, and lack of transparency remain significant barriers to full-scale implementation. This paper presents a review of academic literature, institutional reports, and real-world case studies, including tools like the Allegheny Family Screening Tool and mobile health platforms, to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of current AI applications in child welfare. It also explores the ethical implications of predictive modeling and decision support systems, especially their impact on marginalized communities. Based on policy analysis and best practices, this research highlights key recommendations to improve the design, governance, and accountability of AI in child protection services. The work was developed within the framework of Subprogram 030101 "Strengthening the resilience, competitiveness, and sustainability of the economy of the Republic of Moldova in the context of the accession process to the European Union", institutional funding.

The study explored applications of artificial intelligence and its dialectical relationship with international human rights law of individuals, which requires assessing the effects of this technology on human rights and freedoms. The problem of privacy of humanity, as AI technologies can control human rights and freedoms, while monitoring potential violations in this context. The study use of documentary research and qualitative lens to analyze the data. In conclusion, unawareness of the use of AI may impose significant hurdles on future generations and may infringe on human rights across all sectors of society. The government should mandate obligations for artificial intelligence businesses concerning education, health, human rights breaches, and individual privacy. Artificial intelligence technology may be used to uphold international human rights rules and freedoms. Ultimately, AI-based technologies may mitigate issues of privacy and algorithmic bias in the realm of human rights violations if they substantially diminish risks to individual rights. The report proposed suggestions to policymakers about the use of AI technologies in the fields of education and healthcare. AI may uphold human rights while also contravening international human rights legislation.

Human Rights of the Child in the Context of Child Abuse

Although numerous ethical principles and guidelines have been proposed to guide the development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, it has proven difficult to translate these principles into actionable practices beyond mere adherence to ethical ideas. This is particularly challenging in the context of AI systems for healthcare, which requires balancing the potential benefits of the solution against the risks to patients and the wider community, including minorities and underserved populations. To address this challenge, we propose a shift from one-size-fits-all ethical principles to contextualized case-based ethical frameworks. This study uses an AI-enabled mHealth application as a case study. Our framework is built on existing ethical guidelines and principles, including the AI4People framework, the EU High-Level Expert Group on trustworthy AI, and wider human rights considerations. Additionally, we incorporate relational perspectives to address human value concerns and moral tensions between individual rights and public health. Our approach is based on ”ethics by design,” where ethical principles are integrated throughout the entire AI development pipeline, ensuring that ethical considerations are not an afterthought but implemented from the beginning. For our case study, we identified 7 ethical principles: fairness, agility, precision, safeguarding humanity, respect for others, trust and accountability, and robustness and reproducibility. We believe that the best way to mitigate and address ethical consequences is by implementing ethical principles in the software development processes that developers commonly use. Finally, we provide examples of how our case-based framework can be applied in practice, using examples of AI-driven mobile applications in healthcare.

Planning with justice: Using spatial modelling to incorporate justice in electricity pricing – The case of Tanzania

The growing use of artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming human resources management in all industries, including higher education institutions, where the ability to manage talent effectively is crucial for academic quality and institutional stability. Notwithstanding increasing recognition of the potential for AI in HR, research to date has been fragmented and focused on functional or technical aspects often leaving ethical governance and socio-technical fit in academic settings underexplored. It is this research gap that the current study aims to fill through an integrated and comprehensive conceptual model of AI-learning for talent management in higher education. Taking a qualitative narrative review method, the research integrates interdisciplinary literature from talent management to SHRM as well as higher education and AI governance. Grounded in the resource-based view, human capital theory, and socio-technical systems theory, this article investigates how AI is conceptually situated throughout the ITR of attraction, development, and retention. The synthesis underscores the strategic promise of AI-based talent management in enabling data-driven decision-making and individualized human capital development, while also underscoring the ethical and organizational challenges inherent in algorithmic bias, data privacy, transparency and employee trust. Grounded in these understandings, the study develops an integrative conceptual model suggesting that ethical governance and socio-technical readiness are prerequisites to responsible AI implementation in HE talent management. The paper adds to the literature by building on TM and SHRM literatures, integrating ethics and socio-technical systems perspectives explicitly in these frameworks and providing diagnostic understands and intervention strategies to institutional bosses who are managing digital transformation. The paper closes by suggesting lines for future empirical work to validate and improve the proposed framework in different higher education types.

Anti-discrimination is a crucial focus for researchers, policymakers and designers of technical systems. Leveraging insights from AI fairness and inclusion studies, we examine algorithmic bias and its tendency to perpetuate discrimination (Selbst et al., 2019, Fairness and abstraction in sociotechnical systems , pp. 59–68) through two case studies: one in a gaming environment and another on a dating platform. Our research on gaming explores the manifestation of toxicity, particularly its impact on gender identities. We examine the normalisation of toxic behaviours within gaming spaces, negatively influencing gendered perceptions and experiences. In the second study, we conduct an experiment on the Bumble dating platform to uncover and address discrimination within the matching algorithms, which influence the profiles shown to users as potential dates. These interactions in user discovery pose significant risks, including sexual violence and other harms, especially for diverse gender communities on dating platforms. By documenting the experiences of non-binary individuals on dating platforms, we contribute to a largely underexplored area of research. This study not only highlights the discrepancies and biases in dating algorithms but also aims to inspire more inclusive design principles that recognise and accommodate the diverse needs of genders and communities.

The article is devoted to the study of methods of proof in cases of violation of customs rules. It is stated that proof in any process is important because it helps to establish the truth and determine the guilt or innocence of a person. It is emphasized that in cases of violation of customs rules the process of proof is endowed with a number of features related to legal regulations, the subject composition of the participants, the procedure, which in turn necessitated the study of methods of evidence in cases of violation of customs rules. The attribution to the list of evidence in cases of violation of customs rules is substantiated at the normative level: 1) protocols (on violation of customs rules, procedural actions, appendices to them); 2) explanations of: witnesses, the person who is brought to responsibility: 3) conclusions of the expert; 4) other documents (duly certified copies or extracts from them); 5) information (including that in electronic form); 6) goods (direct objects of violation of customs rules; with specially made storages (hiding places) used to hide direct objects of violation of customs rules from customs control; vehicles used to move direct objects of violation of customs rules across the customs border of Ukraine). It is stated that the method of proof is an important theoretical component with an undoubted applied value for objective and prompt consideration and resolution of cases of violation of customs regulations. It is proposed to consider the method of proving in cases of violation of customs rules as a normatively established set of actions aimed at revealing the truth in cases of violation of customs rules on the basis of analysis of valid facts. The structural elements of the method of proving in cases of violation of customs rules are singled out, which include: 1) inspection; 2) analysis; 3) comparison.

One of the most important changes in our era is the ones promoted by the digital technology, which has meant a challenge in the promotion of human rights. Not only do we talk about the vulnerability to privacy, but also the possible biases of algorithms and other risks that represent potential violations to human rights. International organizations, such as the United Nations, have taken this issue in their hands, although the lack of development of norms regarding digital technology and human rights. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the way the non-conventional and conventional mechanisms of the United Nations Human Rights System have treated this issue. Through a document review, some actions and interpretations made by these will be analyzed, in order to determine some opportunities and challenges in the way the United Nations has approached to this issue. Keywords: United Nations; Human rights; Digital technology

Shackling prisoners has been implemented as standard procedure when transporting prisoners in labor and during childbirth. This procedure ensures the protection of both the public and healthcare workers. However, the act of shackling pregnant prisoners violates the principles of ethics that physicians are supposed to uphold. This paper will explore how shackling pregnant prisoners violates the principle of justice and beneficence, making the practice unethical.

Modeling Security and Privacy Requirements: a Use Case-Driven Approach