All-optical tunable power splitter based on a surface plasmonic two-mode interference waveguide.

A theoretical and experiment analysis of two-step ion-exchanged glass optical power splitter is reported. In order to facilitate quantitative analysis, we propose the rational model of physics for a 1×4 S-branch power splitter in glass. These surface half-round channel waveguides are fabricated by first performing a thermal exchange in Tl₂SO₄ through a mask patterned on the glass surface. The channel waveguides are then buried by second thermal Na+ exchange, unmasked ion exchange, in melt NaNO₃. A buried optical power splitter of low insertion loss and uniformity loss has been realized.

In this paper, a novel highly sensitive differential optical MEMS accelerometer based on intensity modulation is proposed by using dual optical outputs and a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal power splitter. A TM-polarized light source, an optical power splitter (OPS) based on 2D photonic crystal (PhC), two typical photodiodes (PDs) and three optical ports build up the optical sensing system of the proposed sensor. The functional characteristics of the proposed device based on simulation results are as follows: Mechanical sensitivity of 0.0750 nm/g, linear measurement range of ±200 g, first mechanical resonance frequency of 17.7 kHz, optical sensitivity of 4.38 %/nm with bandwidth at half maximum (FWHM) of 1 nm (0.13 THz) at optical central wavelength of 1.495 μm (200.7 T Hz). This results in an optical quality factor of 1495 and total sensitivity of 0.3285 %/g. Due to the mentioned functional characteristics, the proposed sensor can be appealing for a wide range of applications, from inertial navigation and automotive to consumer electronics.

The interaction of light with nanostructures having variation in the refractive index on the order wavelength or subwavelength generates so many rich physical concepts that cannot be easily observed in the conventional medium. As inverse design methods provide effective optimization of the refractive index distribution that is not possible by conventional methods based on the intuition of researcher, they have been recently used in the design of nanophotonic devices. In this study, 2D integrated photonic devices which split optical power equally and exhibit the negative refraction and photonic nanojet were designed through the objective-first inverse design algorithm. Firstly, the optical power splitters (1×N) separate the optical power of the TE or TM fundamental mode at 1.55 μm wavelength up to the four output waveguides. The output powers are approximately equal (± 3%) and their modes are the same input signal modes. Secondly, the negative refractive index medium is designed in the wavelength range of 1.5-1.6 μm, and incident angle of 45°- 60°. Finally, a beam with full width at half maximum (FWHM)<λ/3 and depth of field>2λ is performed in the scope of the photonic nanojet. Also, the designed structures are discretized by acceptable performance losses considering the production conditions. As a result, 4-channel optical power splitter, negative refractive index medium, and photonic nanojet are revealed using the objective-first algorithm for the first time to the best of our knowledge.

The authors designed and fabricated optical power splitters, which make an alternative solution to existing commercial products. The proposed solutions use multicore microstructured optical fiber designed for new generation telecommunication networks made in Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) system. The splitters presented in this paper aim to have low loss and to be compatible with existing elements of optical networks, and in the same time to eliminate disadvantages of existing splitters. Two designs presented in this paper are made in all-fiber technology in order to ensure high environmental stability. The authors present detailed description and experimental results for both optical power splitters’ designs.

A polarization independent 1 × 3 equal optical power splitter (OPS) based on the self-collimation effect in two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PC) is proposed. Two splitter structures are introduced in the self-collimation 2-D PC, both of which have an air layer and a row of defect air holes. The proposed OPS is simulated using Rsoft software combined with plane wave expansion method and two finite-difference time-domain method. The results show that the beam for transverse electric (TE) mode and transverse magnetic (TM) mode can be self-collimated and divided equally into three outputs at the operating wavelength of 1310 nm. The transmission efficiencies are 95% for TE mode and 93% for TM mode, and the corresponding additional losses are 0.223 and 0.315 dB for TE mode and TM mode, respectively. The steady times are lower than 1.4 ps. The proposed polarization independent 1 × 3 equal OPS will have potential applications in optical fiber communication system.

In this paper, we have proposed an ultra-compact surface plasmonic two-mode interference (SPTMI) coupler having a silicon core, silver upper and lower cladding, and GaAsInP left and right cladding for basic logic gate operations. By modulating the refractive index of the GaAsInP cladding with incidence of optical pulse energy, we have shown coupling characteristics depending on additional phase change ΔΦ(E) between the excited surface plasmon polariton modes propagating through the silicon core. By using applied optical pulse dependent coupling behavior of the proposed SPTMI device, the operations of NOT, AND, and OR logic gates are shown. It is also seen that the coupling length of the proposed device is 32.3 times more compact than that of a multimode interference-directional coupler.

SpliESR: Tunable Power Splitter Based on an Electro-Optic Slotted Ring Resonator

Photonics inverse-designed compact dual-mode 3 dB power splitter for on-chip MDM systems

Directly writing of 1-to- N optical waveguide power splitters in fused silica glass using a femtosecond laser

Multimode Interference Devices (MMI) play an important role in optical switches and power splitters. The MMI work on the formation of self-images of any input optical field at various distances along the optical axis of MMI. The length Lπ is an important parameter to calculate the distances where these self-images will be formed. In this paper we show that the calculations of Lπ given in [1] are only approximate and we present an improved method to calculate this parameter. We also show that the error in Lπ calculations is different for single, double and triple images, and therefore requires separate calculations for all these images.

The design of integrated optical S-bands, power splitters, and directional couplers are described in terms of normalized parameters. These parameters are calculated accurately by a numerical method leading to general design curves for fiber-compatible waveguide devices.

Large-core (42 ×43 μm) 1×16 optical power splitters in polymers have been fabricated. Y-branch waveguide structures with and without offsets in the arc-bending regions were designed by the beam propagation method software and molded by a silicon-mold master using a hot-embossing process. The optical power splitters were produced by epoxy core filling and ultraviolet curing processes. The average insertion losses at a wavelength of 850 nm were measured to be 19.8 dB with offset and 17.1 dB without offset, respectively. The maximum uniformities were 3.3 dB with offset and 3.9 dB without offset, respectively.

A dual-mode variable optical power splitter using a Digital Spatial Light Modulator and a variable focus lens

Multimode interference effect in plasmonic subwavelength waveguides and an ultra-compact power splitter

Optical single sideband modulation with tunable optical carrier-to-sideband ratio using DP-BPSK modulator