All Things Military

The starting point of this volume was the observation that the upcoming centenary of 2014 has already evoked a wide range of memorial activities, book projects, conferences, and so on, so that a historiographical revisiting, re-discussing, and rewriting of the First World War can be expected in the near future. With this in mind, we are convinced that it is essential to incorporate gender issues from the very outset. Neither the societies of the belligerent nations between 1914 and 1918 nor the consequences of the First World War can be sufficiently documented and understood without considering the analytical category of gender. Historians of women and gender have impressively revealed this fact over the last decades,1 albeit quite disparately for different European countries and national historiographies. Nevertheless, mainstream history of the First World War all too often still ignores a gender perspective, which seems to be especially true for the context of Eastern and south-eastern Europe. Motivated by international imbalances of current gender approaches to the history of the First World War and the consequential difficulty of taking up a transnational perspective, we organized a conference on ‘The First World War in a Gender Context — Topics and Perspectives’, held in Vienna from 29 September to 1 October 2011. This volume presents some of the revised and extended papers of that conference.KeywordsHegemonic MasculinityGender ConceptWoman SuffrageWestern FrontGender TroubleThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

The article reveals the main reasons, sources, nature and content of falsifications of the history of the World War II and the Great Patriotic war and discrediting their results, the role and significance of the victory of the Soviet people. It defines the main directions of modern falsifications of the history of the Second World War and the great Patriotic war, their conditionality with the nature and content of the current stage of development of international relations, the aggravation of global competition. Measures are proposed to neutralize the destructive influence of falsifications in modern conditions.

It was unimaginable to publish a labor magazine in France for the World War I Chinese laborers, not least of the difficulties being that most of these laborers were just in process of learning to read Chinese. Yet Yan Yangchu achieved this mission impossible with his Chinese Laborers' Weekly, which became a milestone as a Chinese publication and in Chinese labor history and the history of World War I. It is a known fact that the Chinese Laborers' Weekly played a significant role in the life of Chinese laborers in Europe. Yet few historians have offered a comprehensive study of the Chinese Laborers' Weekly. Therefore quite a few important questions are left unanswered to modern scholars. For example, how did Yan Yangchu began to design a weekly to attract, entertain, and educate the Chinese laborers in Europe? What was his editorial policy? What kind of readings did he think that the Chinese laborers should have? How did he use this weekly to cultivate a modern worker who was loyal to his country, civil in spirit, and balanced in life? How did he use this Weekly as a forum to interact with his readers, and other contributors? It is the purpose of this study to begin to address these questions by exploring the concept, contents and significance of the Chinese Laborers' Weekly.

This article investigates the developments of public memory of the First World War as it is written into the national narratives of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia on the way to the centennial of the war’s outbreak. The First World War constitutes both a shared and a divided memory in Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia. Though the war was a catastrophe everywhere, to Serbia it also became a triumph on the allied side, whereas in Bosnia and Croatia it was mainly a state collapse. Yet, the First World War also provided the immediate conditions for the creation of the first Yugoslav state, and consequently the history of the war was narrated within a Yugoslav context, echoing the triumphant Serbian narrative. With the fall of socialist Yugoslavia, the memory of the First World War developed quite differently in the three states. Different lessons are being drawn from war history, often with the aim of situating the nation within a European context. In Serbia, First World War narratives remain national and heroic and are framed as a virtuous, pro-democratic, and European legacy. In Croatia and Bosnia, First World War history is being created anew and, at least in the Bosnian case, with an aspiration to present Bosnia’s war experience within a discourse of European reconciliation. Based on analyses of popular history books, history debates in newspapers and media, and political commentary, the article shows how the First World War as public memory has moved from Yugoslav to national narratives with an increasingly European aspiration.

This paper provides a study case of the First World War Croatian Major General Otmar Babić. It investigates the post-First World War national identity construction and shifting state loyalties of this Austro-Hungarian high-ranking military official in three different state regimes: the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes / Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and Independent State of Croatia. In view of the limited scope of this paper, the presented preliminary findings are narrowly focused on the text – on Otmar Babić’s statements in various types of narrations. His personal records are treated as narrations that belong to the historization of warfare experience – a military history from below. Therefore, this micro-level sociological study has analyzed developed discourse and discursive practices reflected in the correspondence between Major General Babić and state institutions, and his private, more intimate, writings expressed in poetry. Otmar Babic’s statements have been analyzed and treated as social representations expressed in discourse about the impact of the First World War on his life. Foucauldian discourse analysis applied as methodology has therefore, enabled to do qualitative sociological research into the shifting nature of Otmar Babić’s identity construction in different state regimes, as well as into his shifting state loyalties after the First World War when he was retired. Otmar Babić’s case provides a subjective account of the military past and post-war life and represents a source of First World War history from a personal perspective and a true testimony to the long lost Croatian cultural memory.

Previous articleNext article No AccessReview Article: World War I Centennial SeriesBelonging to the Imperial Nation: Rethinking the History of the First World War in Britain and Its Empire*†Susan R. GrayzelSusan R. GrayzelUtah State University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 90, Number 2June 2018 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/697461 Views: 1220Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref © 2018 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:David Monger The Press Bureau, ‘D’ Notices, and Official Control of the British Press's Record of the First World War, The Historical Journal 65, no.22 (Mar 2021): 436–461.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X21000145

Over the course of the First World War, around 100,000 Jews served in the German uniform, and 12,000 of them died in it. Tim Grady explores the ways in which Germans, both Jewish and non-Jewish, have commemorated these veterans and their fallen comrades from the end of hostilities in 1918 to the late 1970s. He argues that Jews played a central role in constituting Germany’s public memory of the First World War, and the strength of Grady’s book—his research ranges impressively from the archives of Berlin and Hamburg to those of Würzburg and Heilbronn—lies in its scenes of lingering attachment on the part of German Jews to their and their loved ones’ records of service, even after 1933. Grady uncovers, for instance, a 1950 letter to the mayor of Heilbronn from a former resident who requested that the name of her brother, who had fallen in 1914, be added to her father’s gravestone in the city’s Jewish cemetery. Ten years later, he notes, a group of German Jews—many of whom had fled the Nazi regime—gathered in Würzburg to dedicate a plaque to the memory of the Jews in that community who had died in the First World War. Even those who had emigrated in the 1930s continued to honour the memory of the 12,000 fallen, as in the case of one especially dedicated New York association of veterans that organized annual commemorations until 1972.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook Reviews. H. M. D. Parker Manpower: History of the Second World War, Civil Series. H. M. D. Parker Labour in the Munitions Industries: History of the Second World War, Civil Series. P. Inman David WightmanDavid Wightman Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Modern History Volume 32, Number 2Jun., 1960 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/238527 Views: 3Total views on this site Copyright 1960 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Food: Volume I: The Growth of Policy. By R. J. Hammond. (History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Civil Series.) London: H. M. Stationery Office and Longmans, Green & Co., 1951. Pp. xii, 436. 25s. (New York: British Information Service. $5.75.) - Volume 15 Issue 1

"Ashley Jackson. Persian Gulf Command: A History of the Second World War in Iran and Iraq." Asian Affairs, 50(1), pp. 140–141

Journal Article Iron Out of Calvary: An Interpretative History of the Second World War. By Walter Phelps Hall. The Century Historical Series. (New York: D. Appleton-Century Co., 1946. 373 pp. Maps, bibliography, and index. $3.00.) Get access Robert F. Fries Robert F. Fries De Paul University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 33, Issue 3, December 1946, Page 487, https://doi.org/10.2307/1898079 Published: 01 December 1946

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 21 p. 813-814 Review Medical History of the Second World War: The Royal Air Force Medical Services First published: 01 May 1962 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1962.tb26951.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue21May 1962Pages 813-814 RelatedInformation

Review of: Freedom Betrayed: Herbert Hoover's Secret History of the Second World War and Its Aftermath, written by Herbert Hoover, edited by George H. Nash.

Research to discuss Marvin Fried's new book.I have read the book as carefully and closely as possible.Nevertheless, as is often the case, my comments are to a great extent a reflection of my own research interests and their intersections with Fried's book.The book made me think again about the critical relationship between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, and it also got me thinking about the trajectories between the First and Second World Wars in the Balkan region, and of the possibility of comparing cultures of violence in 1914-18 with those of 1941-45.There is much more to be said about the many topics that Fried's book raises, and no doubt other contributors will pick up on points that go unmentioned here.Let me first give the work its due praise.Fried's monograph is a fine example of the small renaissance taking place in the field of diplomatic history in recent years.It is based on meti-culous research conducted in archives across central Europe and in several languages.Fried demonstrates a keen understanding of the discussions about how and why political and mili-tary elites conduct war in the modern period.In this respect it is reminiscent of Christopher Clark's major study of the origins of the First World War, The Sleepwalkers, and it will undoubt-edly be mentioned alongside this work in forthcoming discussions of the diplomatic history of the First World War. 1 Like The Sleepwalkers, Fried puts Austria-Hungary and the Balkans at the centre of the narrative of the First World War.No longer a secondary player or waiting in the wings as the real action takes place elsewhere, Austria-Hungary is now a primary protagonist in the war's drama; and the Balkans are centre stage.The following formulation summarizes fairly well how far Fried wishes to rewrite the traditional script of the First World War: 'if Austria-Hun-gary's willingness to stand by its German ally until the end kept Germany in the war by allowing it to fight on without encirclement, Vienna's Balkan aspirations had kept Austria-Hungary in the war in the first place ' (p.3; and, with minor changes, p. 232).This was of decisive importance for the demise of Austria-Hungary too: 'consistently offensive war aims in the Balkans helped lead to the eventual destruction of the Empire' (p.3).These are bold and challenging claims both on the international history of the First World War and on the late history of the Habsburg Empire.Along with comparisons to Clark's opus, Fried's book can be read alongside the new his-tories of late Habsburg history that seek to dislodge narratives of the monarchy's 'eternal decline' down the centuries.I am thinking here of the work of

Soldiers make military history faster than historians can compile it. Today, while men in arms are waging the Second World War, other men are still writing the official history of the First World War. Beyond the slowness of this process, strange aberrations occur in the retelling of how the battle went. Man's memory, his imagination and his prejudices all become inextricably interwoven in the writing of military history, no less and probably even more than in the recording of more prosaic events.' It is, therefore, important at the outset to realize that once we adventure beyond statistics, which are not yet fully compiled, accounts of the Negro's participation in the First World War are likely to be inaccurate in many particulars. In the treatment of a subject so controversial as the service of the Negro officer, the inevitable tendency toward romantic narration in the retelling of military events is accentuated by strong bias, pro or con, in the mind of the narrator. But these very difficulties of separating fact from fiction make the appraisal and evaluation of available data all the more important.