An Approach to Improving the Efficiency of Solving Expert Forecasting Problems

TransGAT: A dynamic graph attention residual networks for traffic flow forecasting

The scientific article defines the methodological aspects of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture products, outlines the theoretical and practical problems of commodity research of furniture products, reveals the commodity characteristics of furniture and its defects, and proposes a systematisation of information data on the peculiarities of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture products with regard to the characteristic defects of goods. The stages of forensic examination of furniture are presented. The main identification tasks of a commodity expertise are to determine the type, name and assortment group of the product; what materials and components were used in its manufacture; what technology was used to manufacture the furniture product; whether the design parameters and consumer properties of the product under investigation correspond to those stated in the regulatory and technical documentation. The peculiarity of a trade examination of any product is that a defect may arise both through the fault of the manufacturer (seller) and the fault of the buyer (consumer). In practice, there are cases of fraud on the part of companies and individuals, for example, when users intentionally damage parts or components of a product in order to return a product under warranty and receive monetary compensation for an allegedly defective product. This is also relevant for foreign trade agreements, when, by spoiling the delivered goods, the counterparty seeks to receive liquidated damages after termination of the contract, and further, material compensation for lost income according to the arbitration court decision. The article reveals the peculiarities of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture products, systematizes the characteristic defects of goods that are most often detected by experts, presents some stages of conducting a forensic commodity examination of furniture. Recommendations regarding furniture quality assessment for participants in external economic activity, expert organizations and consumers are also provided.

Introduction. The modern development of the market of agricultural products in Ukraine actualizes important theoretical and practical problems of domestic agricultural science, directly attesting to the practical result of the state agricultural policy. There is still no single theoretical and methodological approach to assessing and diagnosing value and price disproportions in agricultural products due to regional differences, as well as directions of development of the organized agricultural market as an important institution in the context of reducing price asymmetry in the market of agricultural products, which determined the relevance of the topic of the article. Methods. The research is based on the use of general and specific methods of research within the methodological tools of modern economics, in particular, the dialectical method, analysis and synthesis, logical-historical, comparison, graphic, economic-statistical, etc. Results. The article substantiates the main economic aspects of the diagnosis of value and price disproportions of agricultural products and the functioning of the organized agricultural market in Ukraine. The peculiarities of diagnostics of price asymmetry on the example of strategic agricultural products - grain are revealed, on the basis of actual economic data the key tendencies of development of researched process in the context of regional levels and functioning of the organized stock exchange sector are defined. Discussion. Considering the priorities of price asymmetry and creating of modern mechanism for the functioning of the agricultural market, prospects for eliminating price disparities and forming an organized market for agricultural products are defined. The prospect of further research on this issue should be based on taking into account the cost and price asymmetry for agricultural products, the existence of phenomena of price asymmetry of various types in order to form an organized agricultural market, which would reduce or eliminate the negative effects of price disparities on agricultural products. Keywords: price, price asymmetry, regional pricing, market of agricultural products, organized agricultural market, stock exchange, stock market of agricultural products.

This article, based on the results of theoretical and empirical research, attempts to evaluate the breadth and depth of understanding the issue of complexity and the comprehensive approach in the field of criminology. Arguments are presented regarding the appropriateness of studying the state of scientific development of the problem of complexity. The characteristics of an intersystem, sectoral-subject-chronological approach to understanding the announced issues are revealed. The author offers a general understanding of complexity and the comprehensive approach. Key scholars and their scientific works, which directly or mostly indirectly relate to the problem of complexity, are listed. The article outlines the four main stages in the formation and development of philosophical and criminological knowledge about complexity. Attention is drawn to the significance of general scientific systems methodology for a deeper understanding of the heuristic potential of the comprehensive approach in general and complexity in particular. The study of theoretical and methodological problems of complexity can be excluded from the implementation of the systematic scientific approach, as well as the consideration of this crisis problem through the prism of a special systemic criminological object (formation). The development of scientific knowledge about complexity and systematicity has gone through decades of conventional historical eras: the initial (Antique), middle (modern era), main (from the middle of the 20th century to the present) and modern stages. Currently, the increase in knowledge about the problem of complexity in criminology can be productive provided that the phenomenon of crime is recognized as a complex social system, which, according to the dialectical law of unity and struggle of opposites, is opposed by another, criminological, system. It consists of several interconnected complexes that closely interact with each other and are aimed at achieving a single systemic goal - the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, limiting the spread of criminal offenses and reducing their negative social consequences. The prospects for further research into the specified scientific matter have been outlined. Promising directions for increasing scientific knowledge in this area are the justification of the application of complexity at all levels of the criminological system of Ukraine in order to achieve the effectiveness of criminological doctrine, criminological legislation, criminological policy, criminology as an academic discipline, criminological worldview, and criminological activity.

This study presents the nominations of the emotional concept "fear" on the material of the Kazakh and English languages. The means of linguistic representation of the concept are analyzed on the basis of the definitions of the main lexemes in explanatory dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms and examples from fiction. Comparative analysis of the concept identifies the national-cultural specifics and peculiarities of the perception of the concept. Lexical means of nomination in the Kazakh and English languages reflect physiological processes at the moment of experiencing the emotion, the reasons, intensity and subsequent emotional state of a person. The relevance of this research is determined by the modern general theoretical problems of linguistics, its interest in the problems of the interaction of language, thinking and culture, also by the focus on the study of fragments of the picture of the world through their linguistic representations. Fear is one of the basic emotional concepts that make up the core of the linguistic worldview. Basic emotions are universal, so are emotional concepts. However, emotional concepts are characterized by national and cultural specificity, which is reflected in the semantic differentiation associated with the assessment and comprehension of the people. Research prospects consist in further study of the structure and semantics of the concept “fear” (“қорқыныш/ fear”), in a more in-depth study of complex studies of the concept's verbalization in linguistic consciousness.