An Efficient Route Selection based on AODV Algorithm for VANET

A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of popular technology that combines a smartphone with an Arduino UNO. This easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle those positions is to be determined and tracked in real time. A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location. This paper proposed to design a vehicle tracking system that works using GPS and GSM technology, which would be the cheapest source of vehicle tracking and it would work as anti-theft system. It is an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). An Arduino UNO is used to control the GPS receiver and GSM module. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time interval. The GSM module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. This paper gives minute by minute update about vehicle location by sending SMS through GSM modem. This SMS contain latitude and longitude of the location of vehicle. Arduino UNO gets the coordinates from GPS modem and then it sends this information to user in text SMS. GSM modem is used to send this information via SMS sent to the owner of the vehicle. Location is displayed on LCD. And then Google map displays location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, user able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using smartphone and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination.

Accidents pose a grave danger to human life. The frequency with which accidents occur on our roads has risen to such frightening levels that immediate action is required. Reporting an accident as soon as possible to the nearest rescue station can help prevent road traffic collisions. Wireless technology-aided solutions are the primary way of reporting a traffic collision. In the reporting of traffic accidents, wireless technology techniques such as Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) are often used. As long as vehicles are within range of one another, an ad-hoc network known as a VANET may connect them. Instead, GSM is a wireless communication standard that allows users to send and receive text messages, pictures, and multimedia messaging (MMS) across mobile phone networks. Invariably, fewer people will die, and less property will be damaged if the rescue crew receives accurate information about an accident as soon as possible. The two separate wireless accident reporting methods are discussed in this study. Compare the method’s efficacy against that of other approaches already in use.

Vehicle arrival time is one of the most important factors of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Accurate transit travel information is important because it attracts additional customers and increases the satisfaction of transit users. A passenger waiting for a train or bus, a person waiting for a cab, a customer waiting for a courier to come to his/her home to pickup or deliver a package, a business office waiting for a truck for goods and a home user waiting for his/her shipment for which he/she did online shopping are a few examples of how important vehicle arrival time is in different areas of life. Most companies are investing a lot of money to improve their systems for better, faster and reliable customer service. As the cost of ITS components have decreased, the automatic vehicle location (AVL) system, which is one component of ITS, has become more widely used. Many transit agencies use an AVL system to track their vehicles in real-time. Tracking systems technology was made possible by the integration of three technologies: global positioning system (GPS), global system for mobile communication (GSM) and the geographic information system (GIS). This project shows detailed research in the area of automatic vehicle location and implements a low cost vehicle tracking system using GPS and GPRS. The system reads the current position, speed and direction using GPS, the data is sent via GPRS service from a GSM network to a server using TCP/IP protocol and the server saves this information to the database on a regular time interval. The web-based application then uses this data and calculates the approximate arrival time. The system allows a user to view the present position of the vehicle using Google Maps and calculates the arrival time. Also, bus location can be monitored in real time by route supervisors. This will allow supervisors to make better service adjustment decisions because they will be able to see how the route is operating. The test bed was a bus route running in the downtown of Toronto.

Global Positioning System (GPS) is based on a satellite system. Much work has been carried out on a non-satellite positioning systems using the existing Global System of Mobile Communications (GSM) infrastructure. This leads to a hybrid GPS/GSM positioning systems in the paper. We purpose to adopt GSM for positioning via an integrated switch design with fuzzy logic, if GPS lose efficacy. This induces four main research features in this paper: (1) Designs with optimal-based Fourier analyzer to achieve error of GPS decrease is presented. (2) New applications of fuzzy set theory are presented to solve the problem of GPS accuracy. (3) An integrated switch of fuzzy logic is designed for selecting GPS or GSM positioning systems. (4) Discussions on various GSM positioning methods are adopted with different error and location parameters of environment.

GPS tracking has many uses in today's world; the system can be used for children tracking, asset, car or any equipment tracking and as spy equipment. This paper presents an accurate and reliable real time tracking system using GPS (global positioning system) and GSM (global system for mobile communication) services, which was designed and implemented successfully in university of Khartoum labs. The system permits localization of a portable tracked unit and transmitting the position to the tracking centre. The GPS tracking system consists of portable tracked device attached to a person, vehicle or any asset, and the tracking center where the portable device's location should be monitored. The mobile tracked device receives its coordinates from the GPS and sends these coordinates as SMS via GSM modem to the tracking centre, which is simply a personal computer with many interface programs to display the location on Google maps using free version of Google Maps APIs (application programming interfaces). The testing shows that The system meets its objective of being low-cost, accurate, real time and adaptive for various applications.

Vehicle following device is a settled innovation in this advanced period of the technology which is utilized by armada framework and proprietor of a vehicle everywhere throughout the world. It is an extremely protected and dependable innovation. In this paper, a self-powered system is intended to track and screen any vehicle by utilizing Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). This device is fully powered by the waste heat of an automobile and that harvesting job is done by Thermoelectric Generator (TEG). A lot of systems are designed to achieve the goal for vehicle tracking and monitoring. As it needs a continuous operation, a huge amount of power is consumed to operate the device. This research will mitigate the cost of such a system by using power generated from wasted heat. PIC16F876A used as the processor with TEG, GPS and GSM module, Display, Heat Sensor, Crystal oscillator, Switching Transistor, and Voltage regulator. The location of the vehicle can be detected by GPS module and the user will get continuous notification of vehicles location by GSM module. This research will help vehicles owner to monitor his vehicle properly.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is an integrated approach being developed to exchange relevant information to increase the safety and efficiency of the road transportation systems. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a variant of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), is a core component of ITS. Performance of this smart ITS mainly owes to the design of efficient routing protocols in VANETs. Distinct features of VANETs like unsteady connectivity, high mobility and partitioning of the network have made routing of the information in VANETs difficult and challenging, hence dictating the development of efficient routing protocols. The computation of the best route measures the performance of communication whereas routing protocols takes care of communication & routing of the data. Provision of smart communication, necessitates the analysis of routing protocols in VANET. Accordingly in this paper we have reviewed various types of existing routing protocols in VANET, listing their advantages and disadvantages. Lastly possible inclinations of forthcoming research linked to VANET routing are discussed.

Nowadays, traffic accidents are one of the main reasons of fatalities in the world, many lives can be saved by reducing the time between the occurrence of an accident and the arrival of first help at its location. In research literature, numerous accident detection and notification systems were proposed to solve this problem. Including built-in unit, black-box, and mobile phone-based solutions. Our research has been devoted to design a black-box system that integrates Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies to locate and send a Minimum Set of Data (MSD) containing important information about the accident collected using different sensors such as the accident type, longitude and latitude, time and speed of the vehicle to the emergency services (Hospitals, civil protection, and police). This system is developed based on the Raspberry Pi 3 in order to provide both low cost and high system performances.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) present an intriguing platform for several applications on e.g., intelligent transportation system (ITS) and infotainment applications aspire to be the main pattern of communication among vehicles while travelling. This can significantly impact on the amount of data exchanged by vehicles, increasing the contention on communication links and thus, degrading the quality of service of these applications. So, discrimination of data becomes imperative and forwarding critical information on suitable routes becomes decisive. Hence, a quality of service (QoS)-driven mechanism is needed to handle and assign network resources according to the stringent application data traffic demands. But, VANETs high node mobility and frequent link failure, stuck a big challenge in implementing an effective policy to meet and enforce these QoS requirements. A promising way to tackle this issue is to enforce QoS at the network layer, since it is the crucial point in VANETs’ communication. So, over the years, many QoS-aware routing protocols were specifically conceived for VANETs. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of QoS-aware routing protocols in VANETs’ literature. We examined the protocols based on their ability to support ITS infotainment services, their multi-constraint path problem (MCP), protocol’s functionality and weakness, objectives and design challenges. This way, we outline future directions for VANETs QoS-aware protocol research.

The ability to track vehicles is useful in many applications including security of personal vehicles, public transportation systems, fleet management and others. Furthermore, the number of vehicles on the road globally is also expected to increase rapidly. Therefore, the development of vehicle tracking system using the Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) modem, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Google or Open street map respectively is undertaken with the aim of enabling users to locate their vehicles in real time with ease and in a convenient manner. The system will provide users with the capability to track vehicle remotely through the mobile network. This project presents the development of the vehicle tracking system's server and client software. Specifically, the system will utilize GPS to obtain a vehicle's coordinate and transmit it using GSM modem to the user's phone through the mobile network. The system is divided into two parts which are the tracking and monitoring part. The tracking part consist of GPS and an android/IOS mobile phone for navigation purpose. The GPS will provide information about the location of the vehicle. After receiving the location data from the web server, the data is monitored by a personal computer. After processing the data, the location of the vehicle can be viewed on the map.

In this paper we have proposed a system for car surveillance and driver assistance, where in which the car itself will intimate the concerned person about the accident by sending the short message with the location of the vehicle immediately. Here in the proposed system we built a wireless black box, which has different sensors along with the global positioning system (GPS) and global system for mobile communication (GSM) modules. When the car is met with an accident they might be chances that the passengers or the driver might lose the life due to the delay in medical help. So to overcome such situation we have designed a system where in which the car itself switches into surveillance mode and send a short message to their family members, nearby emergency medical service and police station along with the exact location of the vehicle with the help of GPS.

In the present scenario, car theft rates are increasing day by day due to the insufficient security features provided by the automobile industries, negligence or necessary precautions taken by the owners. A large number of cars are stolen every year throughout the world. Automobile industries are also worried about the security issues of their newly designed models. A number of research proposals are called every year in automobile industries regarding the security of vehicles. As a result, various companies have developed and introduced a number of securityfeatures like sensors, password-based security system, remote locking and so on to overcome this problem. But due to their short range of operation, these features are not capable to overcome the problem completely. In this paper, we have discussed about the ignition-based security system, where ignition system can be enabled or disabled by using the global system for mobile communication (GSM) and global positioning system (GPS) modules. GPS gives the exact location of vehicle in the form of longitude and latitude coordinate. Since the GPS and GSM modules are completely based on wireless communication, it would be very helpful to track the vehicle over long distance. Therefore, the proposed intelligent security systemmay be installed in all the newly designed vehicles. This intelligent security system also overcomes the problems faced by the user.

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is an ad-hoc wireless network which nodes are composed by mostly moving vehicles and infrastructure communications or access points along the road. It integrates adhoc networking, cellular technology, wireless LAN and other technologies, which include GPS(Global Positioning System), digital mapping, sensing technologies and advanced information processing tools to support Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS). VANET is developed mainly to improve road safety and to increase the traffic efficiency. It is designed to support the exchange of warning messages among the vehicles to increase the passenger safety and other information related to VANET applications and services . To achieve these goals, there are several issues that should be addressed. One of these challenges is designing reliable and efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol for VANET. Due to VANET’s distinguishing characteristics, such as high mobility of the nodes, dynamic network topology, enough battery power, high processing power, etc, the MAC protocols designed for MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) are not suitable for VANET. The research community has been working to develop MAC protocols appropriate for this ad-hoc network by proposing new design or modifying the existing one.In this paper, the VANET’s architecture, characteristics, applications and standard are discussed and then a comprehensive study of several MAC protocols available in the literature is presented.

Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G are enabling intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). ITSs promise to improve road safety in smart cities. Therefore, ITSs are gaining earnest devotion in the industry as well as in academics. Due to the rapid increase in population, vehicle numbers are increasing, resulting in a large number of road accidents. The majority of the time, casualties are not appropriately discovered and reported to hospitals and relatives. This lack of rapid care and first aid might result in life loss in a matter of minutes. To address all of these challenges, an intelligent system is necessary. Although several information communication technologies (ICT)-based solutions for accident detection and rescue operations have been proposed, these solutions are not compatible with all vehicles and are also costly. Therefore, we proposed a reporting and accident detection system (RAD) for a smart city that is compatible with any vehicle and less expensive. Our strategy aims to improve the transportation system at a low cost. In this context, we developed an android application that collects data related to sound, gravitational force, pressure, speed, and location of the accident from the smartphone. The value of speed helps to improve the accident detection accuracy. The collected information is further processed for accident identification. Additionally, a navigation system is designed to inform the relatives, police station, and the nearest hospital. The hospital dispatches UAV (i.e., drone with first aid box) and ambulance to the accident spot. The actual dataset from the Road Safety Open Repository is used for results generation through simulation. The proposed scheme shows promising results in terms of accuracy and response time as compared to existing techniques.

Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an application of the general concept of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) in the transportation domain. Playing a key-role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), VANETs are vulnerable to threats that may jeopardize the in-vehicle security, thus subsequently causing accidents. Moreover, on looking at the connected car paradigm that enables interaction between both in-vehicle services as well as devices, and services with outside ones, VANETs will have to inherit security risks of conventional information technologies (IT) systems. This makes it necessary to resort to approaches providing supports and services that are capable to tackle the resulting wide range of security risks. Many works have been dedicated to VANETs security. Mostly the focus has been on data security, relying on cryptographic centric tools in order to ensure privacy, anonymity, and data security. Contrary to this, we propose an approach that aims to proactively address issues beyond data security that could hinder VANETs to become a reality if not properly faced. Although inspired by honeypots used in wired networks, it differs because of the need for tools and methods that should be sufficiently efficient and flexible to ensure context-awareness of security measures.KeywordsCyber securityHoneypotVANETIntelligent Transport System