An Embedded Fuzzy Controller for Autonomous Precision Irrigation Systems

Abstract

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This study presents a low-cost irrigation prototype developed on an Arduino platform, integrating soil moisture sensors and a fuzzy logic controller. The system was tested under contrasting weather scenarios to evaluate its capacity to stabilize soil water content. Results showed clear differences between cloudy and sunny conditions, with the latter leading to accelerated drying and reduced infiltration. Soil sensor data confirmed distinct spatial patterns of moisture distribution, while statistical analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between soil moisture and irrigation volume. The fuzzy algorithm responded proportionally to water deficits, applying larger volumes during recovery phases and frequent low-volume cycles for stabilization. These findings demonstrate the potential of fuzzy logic-based irrigation to enhance water efficiency and maintain soil moisture balance under variable environmental stresses.