An essay on grammar-parser relations By Jan van de Koot (review)

About the Contributors

Journal of Cutaneous PathologyVolume 6, Issue 4 p. 329-331 Capillary Hemangioma Leopoldo F. Montes, Leopoldo F. Montes Laboratory of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama in Birmingham, Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.Search for more papers by this authorWalter H. Wilborn, Walter H. Wilborn Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author Leopoldo F. Montes, Leopoldo F. Montes Laboratory of Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama in Birmingham, Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.Search for more papers by this authorWalter H. Wilborn, Walter H. Wilborn Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, U.S.A.Search for more papers by this author First published: August 1979 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1979.tb01142.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume6, Issue4August 1979Pages 329-331 RelatedInformation

Mechanisms coupling the absorption of solutes and water in the proximal nephron

Clinical and pathologic characteristics of melanoma were compared among 1647 clinical Stage I patients treated at the University of Alabama in Birmingham (USA) and The University of Sydney (Australia) between 1955 and 1980 to determine what changes occurred over a quarter century. Over this period, the number of patients treated annually has increased substantially. There was a steady increase in the proportion of patients presenting with localized disease (clinical Stage I). Melanomas became thinner, less invasive, less ulcerative and thus more curable. They also exhibited more of a radial growth phase. The median thickness of melanomas decreased in Australia from 2.5 mm prior to 1960 to 1.1 mm during the period 1976 to 1980, while in Alabama it has decreased from 3.3 to 1.4 mm. There was a significant increase in melanomas located on the trunk in males and a corresponding decrease in male head and neck melanomas. No significant change in the site distribution was observed for any major anatomical area on female patients. There were minimal differences in the incidence of both clinical and pathologic parameters among melanoma patients in Alabama, USA and in New South Wales, Australia even when accounting for their year of diagnosis. Long-term survival rates in patients with localized disease were found to increase slightly during the 25 year time frame of this analysis. The changes that have occurred are likely due to earlier diagnosis and changes in the biological nature of the disease.

Background: Race and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage are linked to worse health outcomes in heart failure, but studies have not specifically focused on patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Research Question: Is race associated with all-cause mortality among patients with HFpEF and does the area-level poverty moderate this association? Methods: ICD diagnostic codes for HFpEF were used to identify patients with first hospitalizations for HFpEF in University of Alabama in Birmingham (UAB) Medicine EHR data from 2017-2023. Demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory data were extracted at admission. Patient zip codes were merged with Census zip code poverty data. All-cause mortality was ascertained in the EHR. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models examined the association between race and all-cause mortality and interaction between race and zip-level poverty ratio, dichotomized at the median. Results: Between 2017-2023, 14,043 adults had a first hospitalization for HFpEF at UAB; 37% were African American (AA), 58% white, 4.5% from other race/ethnicities. Half resided in high poverty areas (19% of area residents with income below the median poverty level). Compared to whites, AA adults with HFpEF were more likely to be younger, women, reside in high-poverty areas, and have hypertension, diabetes, obesity, worse kidney function and higher brain-natriuretic peptide at admission (Table). Over a median follow-up of 2.7 years [IQR: 0.9-4.9 years], there were 3,747 deaths; 2146 (26.2%) among whites, 1447 (27.8%) among AAs, and 154 (24.3%) among other ethnicities. AA adults had increased all-cause mortality compared to whites, with an adjusted HR 1.14 [95% CI: 1.06-1.23, p=0.001]. The race* poverty interaction p-value was 0.02, indicating that the association between race and all-cause mortality was significantly more pronounced among those residing in higher poverty areas (Table). This was not observed for AA adults in lower poverty areas or for other ethnicities. Conclusion: In this study, AA patients with HFpEF, residing in high poverty areas, had higher all-cause mortality rates compared to white patients. No racial differences in mortality were observed in lower poverty areas.

In the past, lifestyle exposure/routine activity theory was used to explain different types of crimes, including those involving interpersonal violence (e.g. robbery, assault). Empirical studies testing the utility of the theory produced mixed support for the model. The lack of clear de finitions and precise, unambiguous measures of the key theoretical concepts (motivated offender, suitable target and capable guardianship) were among the possible reasons for the observed inconsistent empirical evidence. With the advent of the Internet and the emergence of cybercrimes (e.g. cyberstalking, cyberharassment), attempts have been made to explore the empirical utility of lifestyle-routine activity theory to account for personal victimization as a consequence of cyberabuse. Similar to the terrestrial research, cyberabuse scholarship produced inconsistent empirical support for the model. Some criminologists believed that lifestyle-routine activity theory may not be suitable to account for cybercrimes due to the spatial and temporal disconnect between the theory and the environment- unless the theory is adapted speci fically to cyberspace. This thesis explored the potential reasons for the weak empirical support for lifestyle exposure/routine activity theory in cyberspace, and proposed several avenues for adapting the theory to cyberspace by developing new definitions and measurements of key concepts speci fically designed for cyberspace. This was achieved through an in-depth examination of cyberabuse crime events using qualitative and quantitative research methods: 1) in-depth interviews with principal agents (offenders, victims and guardians) of cyberabuse incidents, 2) content analysis of media reports and 3) computer mediated communications describing cyberabuse events, and 4) a survey of a large online panel. This research contributed to the existing knowledge base in the following ways. First, it reviewed the existing scholarship on the empirical utility of lifestyle-routine activities theory to explain cyber abuse victimization and found that the produced empirical evidence is mixed. Second, it identi fied potential sources of the mixed empirical results. Third, it proposed that a more innovative statistical analyses (Bayesian Model Averaging) be employed in modelling cyber abuse victimization. Fourth, it identi fied several new proxies for measuring the key lifestyle-routine activities-related theoretical concepts. Fifth, through an in-depth analysis of interactions between victims and offenders involved in incidents of cyber abuse, it identifi ed sub-classi fications of cyber abuse, namely, direct, indirect and mixed cyber abuse. Sixth, it tested the empirical utility of lifestyle-routine activities theory in relation to speci fic sub-types of cyber abuse using the identi fied proxies. And fi nally, by using an innovative method of data analysis (Bayesian Pro le Regression), it identifi ed groups of victims with varying levels of risk from speci fic sub-types of cyber abuse and the associated different lifestyles and routine activities. Overall, this research further developed the concept of risk of victimization in the context of technology-facilitated violence.

The following list of titles was compiled by the Library Journal List Committee of the Reference and Adult Services Division, American Library Association. Committee members include Larry Earl Bone, Memphis Public Library and Information Center, Chairman; Lynn Cochran, Free Library of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Carl T. Cox, University of Tennessee, Knoxville; Laurel Grotzinger, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo; John Larsen, Columbia University, New York, New York; Wilbur McGill, Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore, Maryland; Mary Jean Nottviet, Iowa City, Iowa; Lelia B. Saunders, Arlington County Department of Libraries, Virginia; Paul Spence, University of Alabama in Birmingham. The 63 titles on this list represent in the opinion of the Committee, a selection of outstanding reference books published in 1973 and late 1972 for small and medium‐sized public and college libraries.

Prognostic histopathological factors in malignant melanoma

Unstable angina pectoris: A comparison of the costs of medical and surgical treatment

A driamycin (ADR; doxorubicin HCl), is a potent anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent that is effective against a wide range of human malignancies, such as leukemias, lymphomas, and many solid tumors. For many malignancies (eg, breast cancer, lymphoma), it is the most effective single agent. The use of ADR has been limited, however, by the development of a dose-dependent cardiomyopathy induced by this antineoplastic agent. The overall incidence of clinical cardiotoxicity for patients treated with ADR is approximately 2%, with the incidence of congestive heart failure increasing to 10% at 500 mg/m and to over 40% at 700 mg/m. The cardiac-specific injury of ADR is usually irreversible, although aggressive support for a low cardiac output may reverse the dysfunction in some patients. Nevertheless, once ADR-induced heart failure has been diagnosed, the prognosis is poor; mortality varies from 30 to 60%. It is also noteworthy that various other commonly used antineoplastic agents, cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, paclitaxel, streptozotocin, bevacizumab (Avastin), etoposide, bleomycin, tamoxifen, and trastuzumab (Herceptin), as well as radiation therapy, which is commonly used as an adjuvant to lumpectomy, are also cardiotoxic, although different mechanisms may be involved. Therefore, the development of sensitive methods for early detection of drugor radiation-induced cardiotoxicity in individual patients could greatly facilitate the management of a wide range of neoplastic diseases. Development of ADR-induced cardiomyopathy is dose dependent and cumulative. To reduce the incidence of cardiotoxicity, limiting treatment with this agent to a total lifetime dose of ADR of 550 mg/m is recommended. However, the individual response to ADR is highly variable, and bolus administration of up to 900 mg/m has been reported without evidence of heart failure; up to 1,500 mg/m has been administered by continuous infusion without evidence of cardiotoxicity. In some patients, drug resistance, rather than toxicity, is dose limiting; in other instances, restriction of ADR therapy to the recommended guidelines may lead to the premature discontinuation of treatment in patients who might otherwise benefit from higher doses. Conversely, some patients may be highly sensitive to ADR, experiencing toxicity at doses that are lower than the recommended limit. Patients with cardiac disorders or with previous radiation therapy to the mediastinum are generally excluded from ADR treatment protocols. It has also been reported that in some pediatric cases, for which treatment with ADR was well within the recommended limit, congestive heart failure developed several years after treatment. Consequently, the availability of a sensitive, noninvasive method for assessing the early onset of ADR cardiomyopathy in the individual patient would have a significant clinical impact. At the present time, there does not appear to be any effective method for predicting which patients will develop ADR-induced heart failure or for sensitively detecting its onset at a very early stage, when administration can effectively be discontinued or useful treatment for cardiomyopathy can be initiated. Current methods of assessing cardiotoxicity are limited to measurement of cardiac function by radionuclide ventriculography (RNV), echocardiography, and detection of tissue damage by percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy. RNV is not particularly sensitive for detecting early damage as assessed by endomyocardial biopsy scores. In combination with exercise, RNV sensitivity improves, but at the expense of specificity. Artifactual errors of 5% or more in ejection fraction measurements are common. Therefore, it has been recommended that a combination of RNV or echocardiography and biopsy examinations be employed in the From the Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Radiology, University of Florida, Miami, FL; and Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama in Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.

Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama in Birmingham, and Children s Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama

*Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology. University of Alabama in Birmingham, University Station, Birmingham, Alabama 35294. Dr. Gooding's Current Address: Department of Anesthesiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana. Accepted for publication: April 7, 1977

A prospective study was conducted to evaluate and compare the determinants of dietary zinc intake in black and white low-income pregnant women. The study population consisted of 1298 low-income women (70% Black, 30% White) who received prenatal care at University Hospital at the University of Alabama in Birmingham from 1985 to 1989. Various maternal characteristics were evaluated at the first prenatal visit. Two 24 h recalls were obtained at 18 and 30 wk of gestation to calculate the intakes of dietary zinc and other nutrients. Student's t test, chi2, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses were used to compare and evaluate the determinants of zinc and other nutrient intakes in Black and White subjects. The mean prepregnancy body mass index and the mean intake of zinc, energy, and all the other nutrients except calcium were significantly higher in Black than in White subjects. There was a significant correlation between zinc and energy intake (r = 0.69, p = 0.001). Age, marital status, parity, socioeconomic status, smoking, and alcohol intake were not significant predictors of zinc or other nutrient intakes. After adjusting for energy intake, race was the only significant predictor of dietary zinc intake. Race and energy intake explained 24% of the variation in zinc intake. Results of this study indicate that after adjusting for other covariates, race and energy intakes are the only predictors of zinc intake in low-income pregnant women.

Editorial note: The indications for coronary arterial bypass grafting

The importance of better nutrition education in the medical school has become more recognized and emphasized in recent years. In an attempt to fulfill increasing needs for teaching programs, unproven approaches have often been used, thereby risking loss of both effectiveness of instruction and student interest. A retrospective evaluation of a decade of teaching experience at the University of Alabama in Birmingham has resulted in a better understanding of what problems may be encountered in the development of a nutrition education program. From this review, two factors appear to be of critical importance to a successful program: relevance of the course material to medical practice and the presence of a strong, positive role model as a physician-nutritionist. Five other factors that need to be considered, but often receive undue priorities, are also discussed.