An exploration of the inside‐out model: e‐commerce integration in UK SMEs

A few studies on response blocking as well as response interruption and redirection (RIRD) as a treatment for automatically maintained problem behavior have examined different levels of treatment integrity. Results from these studies have shown continued suppression of responding under low levels of integrity for some participants after they were exposed to blocking at full integrity. The current study compared the treatment effects of RIRD at two levels of integrity (100 and 33%). The 33% condition was not preceded by exposure to full integrity. Four children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 8 and 16 participated. The effects of treatment integrity on vocal stereotypy were assessed using an ABAB‐variant design in which B consisted of an alternating‐treatments comparison of different levels of integrity. Results varied across participants, and although both conditions decreased stereotypy, 100% integrity produced lower levels of stereotypy quicker than 33%. The current study expands upon current literature by suggesting that lower levels of integrity (33%) may still suppress vocal stereotypy.

Purpose This study aims to critically examine the interaction between organizational resilience and agility in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from emerging economies. Through a systematic literature review, it identifies conceptual overlaps, tensions and strategic trade-offs between these dynamic capabilities. The research fills a gap in the literature by proposing an integrative framework that contextualizes these capabilities within environments of structural fragility, limited resources and digital transformation, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of how SMEs navigate disruption and pursue sustainable competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach The study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 protocol, analyzing 121 peer-reviewed sources published between 1995 and 2025. The review applies thematic coding (open, axial and selective) to identify five strategic axes – adaptive leadership, continuous innovation, organizational learning, collaborative networks and digital transformation. The methodology emphasizes interpretative rigor, contextual reflexivity and conceptual synthesis, aiming to reconcile fragmented theoretical approaches and generate an integrated framework applicable to SMEs in emerging economies. Findings The review identifies that resilience and agility in SMEs can be both complementary and contradictory, depending on contextual variables like digital maturity, leadership models and resource constraints. While both capabilities are essential for survival and innovation, their coexistence may generate structural tensions. Five thematic axes emerge as critical enablers: leadership, innovation, learning, collaboration and digital technologies. The study also reveals gaps in conceptual clarity and calls for a paradox-informed approach, suggesting that hyper-agility or rigid resilience may create vulnerabilities in fragile environments. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to English-language and peer-reviewed sources, which may exclude regional or informal knowledge from emerging markets. It also omits gray literature and may reflect a Western-centric bias due to its reliance on indexed journals. Subjectivity in thematic coding could influence interpretation. These limitations constrain the generalizability of the findings and highlight the need for more culturally grounded, participatory and multilingual research methodologies that reflect the lived experiences and alternative resilience strategies of SMEs in diverse global contexts. Practical implications Entrepreneurs and policymakers in emerging economies can leverage the findings to design context-sensitive strategies that balance agility and resilience. The proposed framework offers tools to identify when to prioritize adaptability or continuity, depending on firm size, sector and digital capabilities. SMEs should invest in adaptive leadership, digital transformation and collaborative networks to enhance survival and competitiveness. Policymakers are encouraged to foster innovation ecosystems, reduce institutional fragility and support inclusive digitalization to build resilient business environments. Social implications The study underscores the human and ethical dimensions of resilience and agility, including the potential for burnout, inequity and technological dependency in SMEs. It advocates for inclusive leadership, emotional resilience and purpose-driven cultures as foundations for long-term sustainability. Digital transformation should be approached critically, ensuring it empowers rather than imposes on organizations. By highlighting the socio-economic realities of SMEs in emerging markets, the study contributes to discussions on digital sovereignty, well-being and equitable development. Originality/value This paper challenges the prevailing assumption that resilience and agility are inherently synergistic. By adopting a paradox-informed and context-sensitive perspective, it offers an original framework that maps the tensions and complementarities between these capabilities in SMEs from emerging economies. The research integrates dynamic capabilities theory with empirical insights, contributing to a more critical and nuanced understanding of organizational adaptation. Its value lies in advancing theory, informing policy and offering practical guidance for SME development in fragile and volatile environments.

This study explores how organizational transformation can enhance the agility of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), Indonesia, by integrating Change Management and Dynamic Capabilities approaches. Facing ongoing disruptions and global uncertainty, MSMEs in NTB struggle with limited financing, outdated technologies, and low digital adoption. Organizational agility is essential for responding quickly to market and technological shifts. Using an explanatory quantitative method, data were gathered from 310 MSME actors via a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed with SEM-PLS. The results show that change management significantly impacts agility (β = 0.412) and dynamic capabilities (β = 0.537). Dynamic capabilities also strongly influence agility (β = 0.384) and mediate the relationship between change management and agility. These findings highlight that effective change management strengthens the ability to adapt to external challenges. Practically, the study underscores the importance of internal transformation driven by strategic vision, dynamic resource management, and inclusive decision-making. Theoretically, it offers a new model for MSME resilience in regions facing digital divides. The integration of Change Management and Dynamic Capabilities proves vital for cultivating an agile, adaptive, and competitive MSME landscape in the era of digital transformation. Keywords : Change Management 1; Dynamic Capabilities 2; Organizational Agility 3; MSME Transformation 4; Business Adaptability 5

A repositioning organizational knowledge dynamics by functional upgrading and downgrading strategy in global value chain

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish how small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in water, beverage, soap, detergent, metal fabrication, wood and furniture manufacturing industries can sustain or improve their competitive advantage by integrating specific resources and capabilities. The paper seeks to offer an alternative framework “resource capability-based view (RCBV)” that provides a strategic marketing direction for SMEs regarding how innovative marketing practices and dynamic marketing capabilities integrate to create sustainable market advantage. Design/methodology/approach This current paper employed a quantitative survey design with a positivist methodological research paradigm. The paper used a multi-stage stratified and simple random sampling technique to collect data from 591 manufacturing SMEs in Ghana. SMEs in water, beverage, soap, detergent, metal fabrication, wood and furniture manufacturing industries were sampled for the study. A structural equation model was employed to test the study hypotheses to arrive at the findings. Findings The study found that product design and packaging innovations, promotion innovations, retail innovations and pricing innovations provide sustainable market advantage for water, beverage, detergent and metal fabrication SMEs. The paper also found that new product designs and packages are the major drivers of sustainable market advantage followed by innovative retail outlets. The paper further originated that integrating marketing competence (marketing resources and marketing capabilities) and innovative marketing activities provides a marginal improvement in competitive advantage. Physical resources may result in market advantage but integrating physical resources with dynamic marketing capabilities provides sufficient competitive sustainability in a competitive market. Practical implications SMEs in water, beverage, soap, detergent, metal fabrication, wood and furniture manufacturing industries should prioritise their key marketing resources and capabilities in product designs, promotion, pricing and retailing innovations in order to sustain market advantage. Old products should not be faded from the market but rather SME managers should employ innovative retail strategies, such as eco-friendly advertising, product re-branding and digital platforms (social network sites and websites), which are important to sustaining market performance. Government must develop targeted policies to bridge the information gap between SMEs and research institutions such as universities through regular subsidised entrepreneurial training and creation of semi-annual industry-academic fairs. The main theoretical contribution of this current paper is the development of “RCBV” as a framework which shows how SMEs can integrate specific resources and capabilities to achieve sustainable market advantage. This framework offers an integrative view of conventional resource-based view and dynamic capability theory (DCT) which are independently examined in the literature. Originality/value This current study has proposed an integrated and elaborative approach to the conventional resource-based view and DCT which does not provide a composite understanding in the literature. SMEs may lack the needed resources and capabilities to introduce new products or extant product lines but this paper has demonstrated that how SME can sustain market advantage of existing product(s) by synchronously using specific marketing resources and capabilities. The proposed framework offers a guide for SMEs to integrate their physical resources and capabilities to sustain their market advantage.

Green innovation (GI) adoption of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) especially in middle-income economies plays a significant role to reduce negative impacts of environmental issues and to gain competitive advantage. The main objective of the present paper is to examine the mediating role of absorptive capacity (ACAP) on the relationship between dynamic capabilities (DC) and GI adoption in the context of Turkish and Iranian SMEs, two middle-income economies. For this purpose, a well-established online questionnaire is administered to 296 top executives of Turkish and Iranian SMEs operating in energy industry, a highly dynamic market. Using Hayes Process Macro Model, the results of this paper reveal that ACAP has a significant effect on GI adoption of Iranian SMEs but this effect of ACAP is insignificant in terms of Turkish SMEs. The empirical evidence obtained from the present paper also puts forward that DC positively influnce GI adoption in Turkish SMEs, however, the corresponding relationship is not significant for Iranian counterparts. For both middle-income economies, ACAP has a statistically significant mediating role on the relationship between DC and GI adoption of SMEs. Strategic alliances engagement and governmental incentives on GI investments are recommended to overcome certain barriers of SMEs including resource shortages and to improve ACAP and DC that enhance GI adoption of Turkish and Iranian SMEs in the future. As far as is known, this is the first study that compares possible antecedents of SMEs’ GI adoption in two middle-income economies.

Business resilience lies in its capacity to enable organizations to adapt, recover, and thrive in the face of adversity, uncertainty, and disruptive challenges. This study utilizes a descriptive-correlational research design to examine the business resilience of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the tourism industry of Region XI. Through a comprehensive literature review, the study delves into the interplay between dynamic capability, innovation capability, and business resilience, aiming to discern the relationships and characteristics of these vital variables. The findings reveal remarkable levels of resilience, dynamic capability, and innovation among MSMEs in the region, indicating their readiness to adapt, withstand challenges, and drive innovation within their businesses. Furthermore, the study identifies a strong and positive interdependence between dynamic capability, innovation capability, and business resilience, creating a dynamic and adaptable ecosystem for MSMEs. The significant role of innovation capability as a mediator in enhancing business resilience underscores the importance of fostering innovative practices to fortify the overall resilience of MSMEs. These insights provide valuable implications for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and MSMEs in crafting strategies to bolster business resilience and drive sustainable growth in the tourism sector.

Purpose Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have widely penetrated the business-related activities affecting the dynamics of business environments, especially in high-tech small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study aims to assess the mediating role of dynamic capabilities (DCs) in the relationship between AI adaptation (AIA) and opportunity exploitation (OE) within the context of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Oman. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a quantitative research design online-based survey, which was distributed to entrepreneurs and managers of high-tech SMEs. Empirical data were collected through snowball sampling and yielded a considerable number of responses from 164 SMEs based in Oman. Analysis of the data collected was done with the use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling, which is very effective in predictive modeling that entails complex dynamics. Findings It was found that DCs have a mediating effect, whereby the impact of AIA on OE is positive and significant, but this is mediated by DCs. These results highlight that even though AI influences OE through the DCs, the impact is not maximally strong, and other factors can also be critical in determining the OE. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the interplay between AIA, DCs and OE. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, entrepreneurs and managers aiming to enhance the competitiveness and innovation capacity of SMEs in the rapidly evolving technological landscape. Originality/value Despite the general awareness of AIA and OE among SMEs, little is known about the potential moderating effect of DC between AIA and OE in the context of high-tech SMEs in Oman.

The objective of this research is to explore the Dynamic Capability Pattern, furthermore to observe how motivational and sociological factors impact the occurrence of stagnancy of MSMEs in Indonesia. Design/Methodology/Approach – A qualitative approach is applied with Open Questions Interviews towards 10 (ten) MSME actors in Indonesia who represent a range of industries including food and beverage, fashion retail, and the chemical raw materials sector The findings of this study underscore several key points: SMEs consistently exhibit dynamic capabilities, particularly in the stages of sensing and seizing opportunities, however they frequently encounter challenges when striving to advance to a transformational stage. Continuous engagement in sensing and seizing cycles is crucial for MSMEs to prosper and progress to the next level of development. However, underdeveloped SMEs encounter challenges in re-engaging these cycles effectively. Mentorship from experienced communities or business groups can enhance SMEs' willingness and ability to pursue further development. Motivational and sociological factors play a significant role in influencing dynamic capabilities within Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Research Limitations - As a qualitative study, this research used a limited sample of participants from the Food & Beverage, and Fashion retail sectors to acquire insights. Therefore, it is highly recommended that future research be conducted on a larger scale, involving a more diverse range of participants from various business sectors, to validate the cyclical patterns and factors influencing the Dynamic Capabilities of MSMEs in Indonesia. To the best of the author's understanding and knowledge, employing a qualitative approach in this research marks an early effort to thoroughly comprehend the consistency of Dynamic Capability Pattern, motivational and sociological forces that shape the decisions of MSMEs regarding their potential transformation.

The present study in the context of circular tourism assesses the determinants of intention and behavior of 256 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Our analysis shows that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control of decision-makers positively affect SMEs’ intention to adopt the circular economy (CE). Furthermore, SMEs’ intention, perceived behavioral control, and dynamic capabilities positively, whereas barriers negatively, affect SMEs’ behavior toward CE. The present study explicates that tourism SMEs though have positive intentions toward CE, yet most of them seem to be failing in adopting CE. This intention-behavior gap is occurring due to various contextual factors. Our analysis reveals that if dynamic capabilities are employed by tourism SMEs, then they might succeed in adopting CE, which would consequently improve not only their financial and environmental performance but also their reputation and relationship with stakeholders. The present study suggests some measures for circular tourism.

Entrepreneurial dynamics encounter significant challenges in a competitive and fast-changing environment. This research aims to explore the role of dynamic capability and organizational agility in enhancing the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), particularly within the batik and embroidery sectors in Pasuruan Regency, specifically in the Bangil, Beji, Gempol, and Pandaan areas. Data was gathered from 48 MSMEs owners through questionnaires, and the analysis was performed using quantitative methods with SmartPLS 4.0 software to test the research hypotheses. The findings revealed that dynamic capability is essential for enhancing MSMEs' performance, while organizational agility also positively influences performance. Additionally, the study indicated that both dynamic capability and organizational agility positively impact the performance of batik and embroidery MSMEs in the Bangil, Beji, Gempol, and Pandaan regions. This research provides valuable insights for decision-making and strategy formulation in the face of market uncertainties, offering practical recommendations for MSMEs owners to enhance their efficiency and competitiveness.

A bstract The paper is based on research results on Small and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia where its scope in Payakumbuh city of West Sumatra Province. A survey conducted in 2014 until early 2015 in some units of small and medium enterprises in the city Pakumbuh include traditional food business; crackers, Sanjai and rendang. The business is still run by the traditional and still do not have an integrated information system that is adequate and do not have a database that is useless for mapping potential areas of culinary tourism, business development to the continued efforts of government assistance. The system will be built to collect all data about them in the Enterprise Information System Crackers, Sanjai and Rendang (Siwanpekerja). Data were analyzed with a system of SDLC (System Development Life cicle) that encapsulates the actors involved in this project. The Actors are ; U ser system from a cottage industry entrepreneurs, S ellers, B uyers and G overnments are summarized in an integrated information system that Payakumbuh has the most complete database in the development of culinary tourism in Indonesia . The results obtained in this study is in the form of an information system "Siwanpekerja" to accommodate the actors to belong in a database so Payakumbuh government and the Small and Medium businesses benefit greatl . Conclusion of "Siwankapus" has certain advantages, namely; facilitate the provision of assistance from the government, facilitate marketing, and entrepreneurial development for the future Keywords : Information System, T raditional F ood , C ulinary T ouris m,

SMEs engage in product innovation despite their inherent resource constraints, lack of financial slack, and the under‐development of competitively viable strategic configurations around the globe. While progress has been made in identifying the antecedents and capabilities attributed to successful innovation outcomes and the performance of these firms, there remain disparate and often paradoxical observations on the factors that affect SME innovation performance across geographies (i.e. developed vs developing countries) and operational contexts (R&D intensity and quality management practices). This study collected data from 241 resource‐constrained small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in a developing country (Ghana) to contribute to this debate. The results of structural equation modeling show that quality management mediates the relationship between R&D intensity and product innovation. The results also reveal the effects of knowledge integration and financial slack on the relationship between R&D intensity and product innovation, with a high level of knowledge integration enhancing the effect but a high financial slack hinders it. This study sheds light on a broader range of contextual and financial variables when seeking contingencies of SME product innovation performance within theory and practice.

This study explored circular economy (CE) performance in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the tourism sector. The study's theoretical framework comprised value–belief–norm theory, institutional theory, upper echelon theory (UET), and the dynamic capabilities (DCs) approach. Empirical data from 286 Indian SMEs were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicated that personal norms, coercive pressures (CP), mimetic pressures (MP), and top management commitment toward the environment influenced CE performance through DCs. However, normative pressures (NP) did not significantly influence CE performance. DCs were a catalyst enabling individual beliefs, organizational factors, and external pressures to push SMEs toward a CE. Nevertheless, possibly due to insufficient resources, SMEs were reluctant in improving their CE performance. Policymakers and SME owners should therefore develop DCs in their organizations to achieve CE performance through appropriate resource assessment and design.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of how employees’ innovative work behavior (EIWB) can influence small and medium enterprise (SME) performance through the mediation effects of dynamic capabilities (DCs) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Design/methodology/approach Online survey data was collected from 319 Vietnamese Information and Communications Technology (ICT) SMEs and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and asymmetric fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) techniques. Findings The SEM results indicate that EIWB does not directly influence firm performance; instead, it improves performance indirectly through the sequential mediation of DCs and EO. FsQCA results corroborate these findings, emphasizing the need to integrate EIWB with the components of DCs and EO for enhanced performance. Furthermore, both SEM and fsQCA reveal that DCs significantly affect performance, whether viewed as an overall construct or through the synergistic effects of their dimensions. Meanwhile, EO exerts a stronger performance influence when considered as an overall construct or in combination with specific DC dimensions. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to empirically investigate the direct and indirect effects of EIWB on firm performance through DCs and EO, considering them both in aggregate and as individual dimensions. The integration of fsQCA addresses the limitations of aggregate approaches by evaluating the distinct effects of individual components of DCs and EO on the innovation–firm performance process. This approach uncovers nuanced pathways enabling firms, particularly SMEs, to optimize limited resources and prioritize the most impactful dimensions to enhance performance.