An Extended Zeta Function with Applications in Model Building and Bayesian Analysis

The familiar Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein functions are of importance not only for their role in quantum statistics, but also for their several interesting mathematical properties in themselves. Here, in our present investigation, we have extended these functions by introducing an extra parameter in a way that gives new insights into these functions and their relationship to the family of zeta functions. These extensions are dual to each other in a sense that is explained in this paper. Some identities are proved here for each of these general functions and their relationship with the general Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function Φ(z, s, a) is exploited to derive some other (presumably new) identities.

This is an overview paper. This paper is an attempt to show that fractional calculus can be reached through statistical distribution theory. This paper brings together results on fractional integrals and fractional derivatives of the first and second kinds in the real and complex domains in the scalar, vector, and matrix-variate cases, and shows that all these results can be reached through statistical distribution theory. It is shown that the whole area of fractional integrals can be reached through distributions of products and ratios in the scalar variable case and distributions of symmetric products and symmetric ratios in the matrix-variate cases. While summarizing the materials, the real domain results are also listed side by side with the complex domain results so that a comparative study is possible. Fractional integrals and derivatives in the real domain mean that the parameters involved could be real or complex with appropriate conditions, the arbitrary function is real-valued, and the variables involved are all real. These in the complex domain mean that the parameters could be real or complex and the arbitrary function is still real-valued but the variables involved are in the complex domain. Fully complex domain means the variables as well as the arbitrary function are in the complex domain. Most of the materials on fractional integrals and fractional derivatives involving a single matrix or a number of matrices in the real or complex domain are of this author. Slight modifications of the results, compared with the published works in various papers, are there in various sections. In the paragraph on notations, the lemmas that are taken from this author’s own book on Jacobians are common with published works and hence the similarity index with this author’s works will be high. Section Matrix-Variate Joint Distributions and Fractional Integrals in Many Matrix-Variate Cases material on a statistical approach to Kiryakova’s multi-index fractional integral and its extension to the real scalar case of second kind integrals as well as extensions of first and second kind integrals to real and complex matrix-variate cases are believed to be new. Matrix differential operators are introduced in Section Fractional Derivatives and, with the help of these operators, fractional derivatives are constructed from the corresponding fractional integrals. These operators are applicable in a large variety of functions. Applicability is shown through identities created from scale transformed gamma random variables. Some concluding remarks are given and some open problems are pointed out in Section Concluding Remarks.

One of the goals of this paper is to propose an elementary method to find a general formula for a new Fourier transform containing a pair of complex Euler Γ-functions with a monomial sm in terms of Gauss’s hypergeometric functions 2F1. Some mathematical results have been obtained and discussed using this transform. Furthermore, physical applications in the phase space quantum mechanics requiring the expectation values of position and momentum operators for a quantum system endowed with position-dependent effective mass are presented.

In this chapter some explicit applications to the regularization, by means of Hurwitz zeta-functions considered in previous chapters, of different problems which have appeared recently in the physical literature, are considered. This kind of zeta functions show up profusely in many applications of quantum physics where regularization techniques are needed; in particular, when one deals with a massive quantum field theory in a (totally or partially) compactified spacetime (spherical or toroidal compactification, for instance). Aside from the interest that a detailed mathematical study of these functions may have on its own (e.g., in number theory), what is actually needed for most physical applications is always the numerical value of these functions, and of their derivatives with respect to the main variable and some of the accompanying parameters, before proceeding with the analytical continuation of the functions and also with the treatment of the (possible) poles. This procedure has already been checked in several situations, where the result is usually given in terms of sums of Hurwitz zeta functions and, generically, under the form of asymptotic expansions. Actually, this situation has been described in some detail in Chap. 4 already. In the present one, five additional, completely different applications are dealt with. Namely, in the first section, the calculation of the Casimir energy corresponding to compact universes without boundary. In the second, the calculation of the sum over one-loop integrals which yields the cross section of a scattering process in a Kaluza–Klein model with spherical compactification. Another application is the study of the critical behavior of a field theory at non-zero temperature. As the fourth example of this chapter, the quantization of two-dimensional gravity by means of the Wheeler–De Witt equation is discussed. Finally, the last case considered is the use of the spectral zeta function for both scalar and vector fields on a spacetime with a noncommutative toroidal part.

We generalize the Ihara-Selberg zeta function to hypergraphs in a natural way. Hashimoto's factorization results for biregular bipartite graphs apply, leading to exact factorizations. For $(d,r)$-regular hypergraphs, we show that a modified Riemann hypothesis is true if and only if the hypergraph is Ramanujan in the sense of Winnie Li and Patrick Solé. Finally, we give an example to show how the generalized zeta function can be applied to graphs to distinguish non-isomorphic graphs with the same Ihara-Selberg zeta function.

Concepts and methods from the mathematical theory of optimal transportation have reached significant importance in various fields of the natural sciences. The view on classical problems from a “transport perspective” has lead to the development of powerful problem-adapted mathematical tools, and sometimes to a novel geometric understanding of the matter. The natural sciences, in turn, are the most important source of ideas for the further development of the optimal transport theory, and are a driving force for the design of efficient and reliable numerical methods to approximate Wasserstein distances and the like. The presentations and discussions in this workshop have been centered around recent analytical results and numerical methods in the field of optimal transportation that have been motivated by specific applications in statistical physics, quantum mechanics, and chemistry.

For k∈ℤ, the generalized Arakawa–Kaneko zeta functions with a, b, c parameters are given by the Laplace-Mellin integral ξks,x;a,b,c=1/Γs∫0∞Lik1−ab−t/bt−a−tc−xtts−1dt, where ℜs>0 and x>0 if k≥1, and ℜs>0 and x>k+1 if k≤0. In this paper, an interpolation formula between these generalized zeta functions and the poly-Bernoulli polynomials with a,b,c parameters is obtained. Moreover, explicit, difference, and Raabe’s formulas for ξks,x;a,b,c are derived.

In this paper we introduce a new class of extremal codes, namely the i-BMD codes. We show that for this family several of the invariants are determined by the parameters of the underlying code. We refine and extend the notion of an i-MRD code and show that the i-BMD codes form a proper subclass of the i-MRD codes. Using the class of i-BMD codes we then obtain a relation between the generalized rank weight enumerator and its corresponding generalized zeta function. We also establish a MacWilliams identity for generalized rank weight distributions.

The Riemann Zeta Function and the Generalized Zeta Function

This article presents a systematic investigation of various integrals and computational representations for some families of generalized Hurwitz–Lerch Zeta functions which are introduced here. We first establish their relationship with the -function, which enables us to derive the Mellin–Barnes type integral representations for nearly all of the generalized and specialized Hurwitz–Lerch Zeta functions. The integral expressions studied in this paper provide extensions of the corresponding results given by many authors, including (for example) Garg et al. [A further study of general Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function, Algebras Groups Geom. 25 (2008), pp. 311–319] and Lin and Srivastava [Some families of the Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta functions and associated fractional derivative and other integral representations, Appl. Math. Comput. 154 (2004), pp. 725–733]. We also derive a further analytic continuation formula which provides an elegant extension of the well-known analytic continuation formula for the Gauss hypergeometric function. Fractional derivatives associated with the generalized Hurwitz–Lerch Zeta functions are obtained. The relationship between the generalized Hurwitz–Lerch Zeta function and the -function, which was given by Garg et al., is seen to be erroneous and we give its corrected version here. Finally, a unification and extension of the Hurwitz–Lerch Zeta function, introduced in this article, is presented and two of its interesting special cases associated with the Mittag–Leffler type functions due to Barnes [The asymptotic expansion of integral functions defined by Taylor series, Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A 206 (1906), pp. 249–297] and the generalized M-series considered recently by Sharma and Jain [A note on a generalzed M-series as a special function of fractional calculus, Fract. Calc. Appl. Anal. 12 (2009), pp. 449–452.] are deduced.

In this chapter, we study and investigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iraq and Egypt by using compartmental, logistic regression, and Gaussian models. We developed a generalized SEIR model for the spread of COVID-19 considering mildly and symptomatically infected. The logistic and Gaussian models were utilized to forecast and predict the number of confirmed cases from both countries. We estimate the parameters that give the best fit to the incidence data, and the results provide severe forecasts for Iraq and Egypt. To provide a forecast of the spread of COVID-19 in Iraq, we present various simulation scenarios for the expected peak and its time by using Gaussian and logistic regression models, and a reasonable concord with officially reported cases was shown by the forecasted cases. Our sensitivity analyses of the basic reproduction number conclude that the most effective way to prevent COVID-19 cases is decreasing the transmission rate. The findings of this chapter could therefore assist Iraqi and Egyptian officials to intervene with the appropriate safety measures to handle the increase of the COVID-19 cases.

In recent years, there has been an increase in the application of quantum mechanics (QM) methods to describe properties related to the ADMET profile of small molecules. The application of these methods allows calculating useful descriptors and physiochemical properties contributing to ADMET prediction. Considering that QM methods are the only one that describe the electronic state of a molecules, such methods are particularly useful for studying the metabolism of drugs; furthermore, the introduction of mixed QM and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) is also increasing the understanding of drug interaction with cytochromes from a mechanistic point of view. Finally, combining the increase number of experimental data with machine learning algorithms and QM-derived descriptors allowed the creation of an end-user software capable of affecting the drug discovery process.

We introduce a new notion of ⧆ \boxast -product of two integrable series with coefficients in distinct Grothendieck rings of algebraic varieties, preserving the integrability of and commuting with the limit of rational series. In the same context, we define a motivic multiple zeta function with respect to an ordered family of regular functions, which is integrable and connects closely to Denef-Loeser’s motivic zeta functions. We also show that the ⧆ \boxast -product is associative in the class of motivic multiple zeta functions. Furthermore, a version of the Euler reflexion formula for motivic zeta functions is nicely formulated to deal with the ⧆ \boxast -product and motivic multiple zeta functions, and it is proved for both univariate and multivariate cases by using the theory of arc spaces. As an application, taking the limit for the motivic Euler reflexion formula we recover the well-known motivic Thom-Sebastiani theorem.

We are concerned with the arithmetic of solutions to ordinary or partial nonlinear differential equations which are algebraic in the indeterminates and their derivatives. We call these solutions D-algebraic functions, and their equations are algebraic (ordinary or partial) differential equations (ADEs). The general purpose is to find ADEs whose solutions contain specified rational expressions of solutions to given ADEs. For univariate D-algebraic functions, we show how to derive an ADE of smallest possible order. In the multivariate case, we introduce a general algorithm for these computations and derive conclusions on the order bound of the resulting algebraic PDE. Using our accompanying Maple software, we discuss applications in physics, statistics, and symbolic integration.

CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS: THE ROLE OF EVIDENCE THEORY, QUANTUM SETS, AND MODAL LOGIC