An improved Lepage-type test statistic for the location-scale problem

In this article, we propose three nonparametric schemes based on the combination of p-values for simultaneous monitoring of shifts in location and scale parameters of a process. Li and Qiu first introduced the idea of dynamic nonparametric monitoring based on the p-value in the context of location shift of a process. This article extends their idea to a more general problem of joint monitoring of location and scale. In this article, we use three approaches for combining the p-values, namely Fisher, Liptak, and Tippett methods, to design three new schemes. We refer to them as the SL-Fisher (hereafter, SLF), the SL-Liptak (hereafter, SLL), and the SL-Tippett (hereafter, SLT) schemes. These schemes are based on a single plotting statistic attained by combining the p-values of the Wilcoxon-rank-sum (WRS) and Ansari-Bradley (AB) test statistics along with the combining functions to control the multiplicity effect. We use a real application based on water turbidity data to explain the implementation of the proposed schemes. We examine and compare the performance characteristics including the mean, median, and several percentiles of the proposed schemes thoroughly using Monte-Carlo simulation. We observe that, in general, the SLT scheme is effective for the detection of shifts in scale followed by either no shift or small shift in the location and the SLL scheme for other cases of shifts. Unlike existing schemes, the proposed schemes offer easier post-signal follow-up approach. We illustrate the design for one-sided shifts in both location and scale, but it can be easily extended for two sided shifts in both location and scale or two-sided shifts in location along with one-sided shifts in scale.

For the two-sample location and scale problem we propose an adaptive test which is based on so called Lepage type tests. The well known test of Lepage (1971) is a combination of the Wilcoxon test for location alternatives and the Ansari-Bradley test for scale alternatives and it behaves well for symmetric and medium-tailed distributions. For the cae of short-, medium- and long-tailed distributions we replace the Wilcoxon test and the .Ansari-Bradley test by suitable other two-sample tests for location and scale, respectively, in oder to get higher power than the classical Lepage test for such distribotions. These tests here are called Lepage type tests. in practice, however, we generally have no clear idea about the distribution having generated our data. Thus, an adaptive test should be applied which takes the the given data set inio consideration. The proposed adaptive test is based on the concept of Hogg (1974), i.e., first, to classify the unknown symmetric distribution function with respect to a measure for tailweight and second, to apply an appropriate Lepage type test for this classified type of distribution. We compare the adaptive test with the three Lepage type tests in the adaptive scheme and with the classical Lepage test as well as with other parametric and nonparametric tests. The power comparison is carried out via Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown that the adaptive test is the best one for the broad class of distributions considered.

Abstract. This study aims to analyze the reactin of the Indonesian capital market t the 2024 Presidential Election event by measuring the difference in abnormal return of Kompas 100 stocks in the period before and after the election. The results showed that despite fluctuations in stock prices, no statically significant differences in abnormal returns were found between the two periods. The research method used is a quantitave approach with comparative analysis. Normality test were conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test because the data was not normally distributed. The data used is the daily stock price during the specified event window period. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in abnormal returns between before and after election, with a significant value of the Wilcoxon test of 0.405 (>0.05). This means that the Indonesian capital market tends to respond to the election in a neutral and efficient manner. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis reaksi pasar modal Indonesia terhadap peristiwa Pemilu Presiden 2024 dengan mengukur perbedaan abnormal return saham Kompas 100 pada periode sebelum dan sesudah pemilu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat fluktuasi harga saham, tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan secara statistik dalam abnormal return antara kedua periode tersebut. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitaif dengan analisis komparatif. Uji normalitas dilakukan menggunakan Kolmogorov-Smirnov, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test karena data tidak berdistribusi normal. Data yang digunakan adalah harga saham harian selama periode jendela peristiwa (event window) yang ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan abnormal return yang signifikan secara statistik antara sebelum dan sesudah Pemilu, dengan nilai signifikansi uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test sebesar 0,405 (> 0,05). Artinya, pasar modal Indonesia cenderung merespons pemilu secara netral dan tetap efisien.

Asymptotically valid and exact permutation tests based on two-sample [formula omitted]-statistics

The powers of several two-sample tests are compared by simulation for small samples from exponential and Weibull distributions with and without censoring. The tests considered include the F test, a modification for samples that are from Weibull distributions, Cox's test, Peto & Peto's log rank test, their generalized Wilcoxon test, a modified log rank test, and a generalized Wilcoxon test of Gehan. When samples are from exponential distributions, with or without censoring, the F test is the most powerful followed by two general groupings of tests: first the three non-Wilcoxon tests and then the two Wilcoxon tests. There is little difference in the power characteristics of the tests within each grouping. Estimates of the asymptotic relative efficiencies of the various tests relative to F are obtained from the normal probability plots of the power curves. When the samples are taken from Weibull distributions with constant hazard ratio, the F test is not robust and a modification is used. The results for this case are essentially the same as in the case of exponential distributions, with the modified F test as the most powerful. However, when the hazard ratio is nonconstant, the two generalizations of the Wilcoxon test have more power than the other tests.

Learning Process during pandemic covid-19 has become harder for teacher and students. The learning process has to encourage, motivate, and stimulate the students so the learning process can be done effectively. This study aims to find out the effect of using videoscribe as a teaching media on writing descriptive text of the tenth grade students of SMK YPSEI Palangka Raya. The research subject was the tenth grade students of SMK YPSEI Palangka Raya. This Study is a quantitative method that using Randomized-Groups Pre-Test-Post-Test Control Group Design. The instrument that used was writing descriptive. The data were collected in several steps: pre-test, treatment, and post-test; the data were processed in several steps: collecting data, scoring, and calculating; data analysing was conducted using SPSS application including tests of data normality and tests of Hypothesis. The data analysing was conducted using Non-parametric tests on two paired samples which was Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. The result of this study conclude that the use of videoscribe as a teaching media has significant effect for the students in writing descriptive text.

Background: Schizophrenia is a group of psychotic symptoms that affect different areas of the functioning of a person. Schizophrenics will experience impaired social functioning that is influenced by self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is a very important motivating factor to achieve success. One of the non-pharmacological therapies that can be given is art therapy (painting). Objectives: This study was used to determine the effect of art therapy (painting) with tote bag media on self-efficacy in schizophrenia patients at RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Province of Central Java. Methods: This research is a pre-experimental quantitative research with one group pre and post-test design. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with a population of 35 samples. Self-efficacy was measured using the Indonesian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) instrument. Hypothesis testing uses the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results showed that the age was predominantly late adulthood (45.7%), the majority were female (65.7%), the work history was predominantly non-working (37.1%), the majority of the sample had a marital status of being unmarried (60.0%), education level was dominated by SMA/MAN/SMK (42.9%), and the majority of the sample had an unspecified diagnosis of schizophrenia (65.7%). The average pre-test score is 21.91 and the post-test score is 29.89 with a difference of 7.98, which means there are differences in the results of the self-efficacy examination in the research sample. The results of this research were measured using the Wilcoxon test, obtaining a p-value of 0.000 (p-value <0.05). Conclusion Activities of art therapy (painting) with tote bag media influence self-efficacy in schizophrenia patients at RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Province of Central Java. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a routine therapeutic activity for schizophrenia patients at RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Province of Central Java. Keywords : Art Therapy (Painting), Self Efficacy, Schizophrenia

Covid-19 is a disease with a high transmission rate. This makes boarding students vulnerable to experiencing anxiety in facing the challenges of the high spread of Covid-19 in dormitories because activities are carried out 24 hours face-to-face. Anxiety that is not addressed immediately will negatively impact dormitories students, so appropriate education and intervention are needed. This study aims to determine the effect of the butterfly hug method on reducing anxiety levels in dormitory students in facing the risk of covid-19 transmission at SMP MTA Gemolong. This study used quasi experimental design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique and obtained a number of 76 participants who were divided into experimental group (n = 38) and kontrol group (n = 38). The instrument used was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). Data analysis used Wilcoxon Test and Mann Whitney Test with p value < 0.05. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon Test in the experimental group showed p value = 0,000 and in the kontrol group showed p value = 0,141. Hypothesis testing using the Mann Whitney Test in both groups obtained p value = 0,026. There is an effect of the butterfly hug method on reducing anxiety levels in dormitory students facing the risk of covid-19 transmission at SMP MTA Gemolong.

Adaptive nonparametric tests for a single sample location problem

Re: Hoffer et al.: Update on intraocular lens power calculation study protocols: the better way to design and report clinical trials (Ophthalmology. 2020; Jul 9 [Epub ahead of print

The Covid-19 pandemic has become one of the toughest phases for all countries whose citizens have been confirmed positive, including Indonesia. Profit management in the period before and during the Covid-19 pandemic is interesting to research because almost all industrial sectors were affected by this pandemic, including the banking industry. The aim of the research is to analyze the profit management of the banking industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and the significance of the differences before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses secondary data in the form of banking financial reports listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI). The research years were taken from 2017-2019 for the year before the Covid-19 pandemic and 2020-2022 for the year during the Covid-19 pandemic. Financial reports are downloaded from each banking industry website. The total population in this study was 46 companies, after being eliminated using the purposive sampling method it became 43 companies. The earnings management variable is proxied by discretionary accruals (DA) which are measured using the Modified Jones Model. Hypothesis testing uses the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test via SPSS 26 software. The research results show that there are significant differences in banking industry earnings management before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Before the Covid-19 pandemic, banks tended to carry out earnings management by increasing the value of their reported profits, whereas during the Covid-19 pandemic, banks tended to carry out earnings management by reducing the value of their reported profits.

Mother's Milk (ASI) is the best food for babies that is produced directly from the mother's breast to her newborn baby, because its composition is appropriate for every baby's growth and development, breast milk also contains protective substances that can prevent babies from various infectious diseases . Dates contain iron, protein, fiber, glucose, vitamins, biotin, niacin, folic acid, and minerals such as calcium, sodium, and potassium which can increase breast milk production . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dates on breast milk production in postpartum mothers on days 3-9 at PMB Binti Qoni'ah Nganjuk 2021. The design of this study was pre-experimental using a one-group pre-posttest design. In this study obtained a population of 15 people, with a sample of 15 people using total sampling technique. The data was collected using an observation sheet and the hypothesis test used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a significance value = 0.05. The statistical test result from the Wilcoxon Sign Rank obtained p value = 0,01 with an error level (=0.05), it can be said that p < than it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and H1 is accepted. There is an effect of dates on breast milk production in postpartum mothers on days 3 - 9 at PMB Binti Qoni'ah Nganjuk 2021. Based on the results of the study, it is hoped that the research area can be used as input for using dates to increase breast milk production in the development of traditional medicine

Uterine myoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus consisting of smooth muscle tissue cells, fibrous binding tissue and collagen located in the uterus. This benign neoplasm is most commonly experienced by women and its prevalence continues to increase by 70%. Myoma uteri can cause big problems in health. Meanwhile, the lack of health information regarding the etiology of myomas has not yet found effective therapy. The importance of health information about early detection of acquired myoma, can increase women's knowledge of the dangers of uterine myoma. The Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education with lecture methods and leaflets on early detection of uterine myomas to the knowledge of women in the village of Tateli Dua. This Type of pre experimental design research used one-group pretest-posttest design to compare knowledge before and after health education. The population is women who meet the inclusion and exclusion sample criteria of 65 respondents. The independent variable is health education about early detection of myoma uteri and the dependent variable is women's knowledge. Data collection tools and measuring tools in the form of questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using software and hypothesis testing using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The test results showed that there was a significant effect of health education using lecture and leaflet methods about early detection of uterine myomas to the knowledge of women in Tateli village (p-value = 0,000 α = 0.05). It was concluded that there was a health education using lecture method and leaflets on early detection of uterine myoma to increase women's knowledge in Tateli Dua village. Keywords : Counseling, Knowledge, Early Detection of Uterine Myoma

Background: The achievement of Covid-19 vaccination in Southeast Sulawesi Province until June 15, 2021 is 15.5%, while the City of Kendari has achieved Covid-19 vaccination reached 22%. The lack of information and public perception about the Covid-19 vaccine has led to low public acceptance of the Covid-19 vaccine. Therefore, this study aims to increase the community 's positive perception of the Covid-19 vaccination in Kendari City through the most effective health promotion media. Methods: This quantative study uses a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design. The population is 345,107 people, 396 respondents are sampled. This study uses a sampling technique by random cluster sampling. The hypothesis test used is the Wilcoxon signed ranks test and the Kruskal Wallis H test. Result: The results of the Wilcoxon test show that there is a significant difference between perceptions before and after health promotion using booklet media (Asymp. Sig. = 0.000); There is a significant difference between perceptions before and after health promotion using video media (Asymp. Sig. = 0.000); There is a significant difference between perceptions before and after health promotion through the development WhatsApp messages (Asymp. Sig. = 0.000). Based on the Kruskal Wallis H test, the mean rank of health promotion using booklets is the highest (217.59). There was no significant difference between the three media (Asymp. sig 0.156 > 0.05). Conclusion: The booklet is the most effective media in health promotion to increase the positive perception of the community towards the covid-19 vaccination in the city of Kendari, but there is no significant difference between the three promotional media used.

The external factor affecting the basic iron and steel industry in Indonesia is the Regulation of the Minister of Finance of Indonesia concerning the imposition of import duty tariff on imported goods. The purpose of this study is: to determine the difference in cost of goods sold before and after the Minister of Finance Regulation no. 97 / PMK.010 / 2015. This research uses descriptive research type with quantitative, which measured by using comparative method / comparison with SPSS 23,00. The population of this research is sub metal company and the like listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 3rd Quarter 2014 to 1st Quarter 2016. Samples are determined purpuse sampling method, with the sample number is 11 companies. The data used in this research is secondary data. Technique of collecting data using documentation method through IDX official website: www.idx.co.id. hypothesis testing using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. It is known that the result of the significance level of 0.768> 0.05.So the conclusion is: there is no significant difference in cost of goods sold before and after the Regulation of the Minister of Finance No. 97 / PMK.010 / 2015.