An inexpensive, versatile, compact, programmable temperature controller and thermocycler for simultaneous analysis and visualization within a microscope

Aiming at the problems of low degree of intelligence and insufficient remote interaction ability of the traditional electric control box temperature control system, this study designs and implements an intelligent temperature control system based on STM32 microcontroller for the Internet of Things (IoT). The system adopts a multi-channel sensor fusion scheme, through the fixed point of multiple DS18B20 temperature sensors to build a distributed temperature measurement network, combined with the sound to determine the equipment failure method to achieve the intelligence of the temperature control system. A dual-channel power driver module was designed at the hardware level, with cooperative control of the heat source power and the AC fan. At the software level, an IoT architecture based on MQTT protocol was developed to realize real-time uploading of data to the built cloud platform and remote interaction through mobile APP to realize temperature regulation and control in the electric control box. The fan speed and the power of the heat source are adjusted in time according to the change of temperature in the real-time temperature control cabinet to ensure that the temperature in the temperature control cabinet remains constant. The content of this study helps to provide assistance in designing temperature control systems in the Internet of Things.

In industrial production, temperature and humidity are common main manipulated parameters, especially in heat treatment industry, the temperature control is becoming more and more important. This paper from two aspects that hardware and software introduced single-chip microcomputer (SCM) C8051F intelligent temperature and humidity control system, and described schematic diagram of hardware and software. The design adds the integration of carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity detection and necessary communication function. It is a more humanized and more practical intelligent temperature and humidity measurement and control system.

The temperature control and monitoring system in the freezer room has an important role in maintaining the quality of food raw materials. Freezer space is used to store food raw materials to keep them fresh and undamaged. However, if the temperature in the freezer compartment is not properly monitored, food raw materials may be damaged which can affect their quality and safety. Therefore, an IoT-based temperature control and monitoring system in the freezer room was created using Wemos D1 R2. The design of this prototype uses hardware, namely the WeMos D1 R2 microcontroller based on ESP8266 because it can be connected to WiFi, DHT22 temperature sensor, I2C LCD and relay. The results of this prototype design are being able to read the temperature and humidity of the freezer room and having a temperature control system that can be seen on the Blynk application on a smartphone by displaying the temperature and humidity values. The conclusion from this study is that the prototype has succeeded in controlling the temperature of the freezer room as well as monitoring the temperature and humidity of the freezer room and displaying it on the Blynk application on a smartphone and has a warning notification when the temperature rises above -18 degrees celsius.

Based on the analysis of the whole system of magnesium alloy melting furnace, the functional requirements of the temperature control system are clarified. Based on the analysis of the melting process of magnesium alloy, the thermal stress situation in the heating furnace temperature rise period is analyzed by means of analysis of heat transfer simulation, the reasonable heating rate and magnesium melt temperature variation are determined. The method of control strategy based on PLC algorithm and multipoint temperature measuring are put forward to solve the temperature control system of magnesium melt temperature fluctuation in improper rate control and continuous casting. A set of control system based on PC and PLC is designed according to the functional requirements of magnesium alloy furnace temperature control system. The system uses PLC as the main control unit to realize the automatic heating control and data acquisition. At the same time, PC is taken as a human-computer interaction platform, and VB6.0 is used to develop computer monitoring software to realize on-line control of upper computer and lower computer and centralized control of the whole control system, which simplifies the operation, reduces the failure rate of the equipment, improve the work efficiency and the accuracy and flexibility of the system. The hardware configuration and software design of temperature control system for magnesium alloy melting furnace is completed, the temperature control system performance is tested, and the feasibility of heating system and the rationality that based on the duty ratio of hybrid control of output control and PID control are verified. According to the experimental results, the experimental system of magnesium alloy melting furnace is established, and the temperature control experiment is carried out. The experimental results show that the temperature control system achieves the expected control objectives.

Under the background of modern industrial processing and production, the sintering furnace’s temperature control system is researched to achieve intelligent smelting and reduce energy consumption. First, the specific application and implementation of edge computing in industrial processing and production are analyzed. The industrial processing and production intelligent equipment based on edge computing includes the equipment layer, the edge layer, and the cloud platform layer. This architecture improves the operating efficiency of the intelligent control system. Then, the sintering furnace in the metallurgical industry is taken as an example. The sintering furnace connects powder material particles at high temperatures; thus, the core temperature control system is investigated. Under the actual sintering furnace engineering design, the Distributed Control System (DCS) is used as the basis of sintering furnace temperature control, and the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is adopted to reduce the electrical wiring and switch contacts. The hardware circuit of DCS is designed; on this basis, an embedded operating system with excellent performance is transplanted according to functional requirements. The final DCS-based temperature control system is applied to actual monitoring. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 1# sintering furnace at a particular point is measured to be 56.95°C, 56.58°C, and 57.2°C, respectively. The real-time temperature of the upper, middle, and lower currents of 2# sintering furnaces at a particular point is measured to be 144.7°C, 143.8°C, and 144.0°C, respectively. Overall, the temperature control deviation of the three currents of the two sintering furnaces stays in the controllable range. An expert system based on fuzzy logic in the fault diagnosis system can comprehensively predict the situation of the sintering furnaces. The prediction results of the sintering furnace’s faults are closer to the actual situation compared with the fault diagnosis method based on the Backpropagation (BP) neural network. The designed system makes up for the shortcomings of the sintering furnace’s traditional temperature control systems and can control the temperature of the sintering furnace intelligently and scientifically. Besides, it can diagnose equipment faults timely and efficiently, thereby improving the sintering efficiency.

In the Ring Laser Gyro Inertial Navigation System (RLG INS), the temperature characteristics of the accelerometer can directly influence the measurement results. In order to improve navigation accuracy in long-endurance marine navigation, the operating temperature of the accelerometer should be precisely controlled. Based on thermal studies on the accelerometer, temperature control precision should be better than 0.01 °C to achieve 1 × 10−5 m/s2 output accuracy of the accelerometer. However, this conclusion is obtained by approximate calculations and cannot be directly applied to different inertial navigation systems. In order to verify this thermal conclusion and broaden its application, the Back Propagation Neural Network (BP-NN) algorithm is adopted to validate the feasibility of temperature control in this paper. In addition, a multi-level temperature control system is also set up and carefully designed to support the validation and experiments under different conditions. Test results of the temperature control system prove that operating temperature variation can be reduced to 0.01 °C. Meanwhile, the standard deviation per hundred seconds of the accelerometer outputs, after temperature control, reaches 1 × 10−5 m/s2. Static altitude and navigation results were improved by 41.97% and 62.91%, respectively, with the precision temperature control system, which meets the long-endurance marine navigation requirements.

The temperature control system is an indispensable key system for the thermal vacuum test. It is used to simulate the infrared heat flow environment of the spacecraft in orbit. In order to improve the stability and reliability of temperature control, this paper designs and develops a thermal vacuum test temperature control system based on the Modbus RTU serial communication protocol on the LabVIEW platform. The system combines the flexibility of software development on LabVIEW platform and combines the stability of serial communication with controller. This temperature control system has been used in thermal vacuum test, the control effect of overshooting within 1°C and temperature control accuracy within ±0.2°C. The system has high stability, which achieves the expected goal.

We have fabricated Si-based micromachined DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chips with different groove depths. The platinum thin-film micro heater and the temperature sensor have been integrated on the chip. The volume of the PCR chamber in the chip is about 3.6 µl and the chip size is 17 × 40 mm2. The effects of groove geometry, including width, depth and position, on the thermal characteristics of the PCR chip have been investigated by numerical analysis and experimental measurement. From the results, the power consumption required for the PCR chip is reduced with the increase of groove depth. Compared with results for the case of no groove, the power consumption of the chip with a groove of 280 µm is reduced by 24.0%, 23.3% and 25.6% with annealing, extension and denaturation, respectively. The heating rate is increased rapidly with the increase of the groove depth. In particular, it is revealed that this effect is predominant for depths in the region above 280 µm. For a more precise control of chip temperature, the nonlinear feedback proportional-integral control scheme is used. The obtained heating and cooling rates are about 36 °C s−1 and 22 °C s−1, respectively. The overshoot and the steady state error are less than 0.7 °C and ±0.1 °C, respectively. In the experiment, the effects of the PCR buffer and the bubbles in the chamber on the temperature uniformity have also been studied. From the temperature measurement, it is revealed that the temperature difference between the thin-film sensor (on the lower plate) and the PCR buffer can be neglected if there is no air bubble in the PCR buffer. With such a high performance control scheme, we could implement a remarkable thermal cycling of conducting 30 cycles for 3 min. Finally, the chip PCR of plasmid DNA was successfully performed with no additives using the temperature control system.

Agricultural cultivation technology with a hydroponic system is expected to be an alternative for people who have limited land or yards. However, manual control cannot be done at any time due to business and other work, so a controller is needed to monitor and control the temperature and water level in hydroponic plants to avoid the death of plant. The purpose of this research is to create a temperature and water level control system for hydroponic plants. The control process uses a NodeMCU esp8266 microcontroller. The process of data communication carried out by hardware and software using wireless media. The water temperature detection system uses a DS18B20 sensor, while the water level sensor uses an ultrasonic HC-SR04. The results of this study the system as a whole can perform the process of monitoring and controlling the temperature and water level in hydroponic plants automatically and displayed on the LCD and android. When the water level is less than the minimum limit of 5 cm, the filling pump will be active and it will take about 6.48 minutes to fill the reservoir from an empty state. In the temperature control system, an average error of 3.71%. In this research is obtained if water temperature is more than 29°C, the cold water pump will be active and it will take about 2 minutes to circulate the water back to 28°C.

With the Internet of Things (IoT) gradually evolving as the next phase of the Internet's evolution, it becomes important to recognize the various potential domains for IoT deployments, and research challenges especially those related to monitoring and control applications in industry. This paper shows how to program a simple On/Off temperature control system via IoT using Arduino and the iTCLab Kit. Meanwhile, for monitoring and controlling temperature via cellphone, the IoT MQTT Panel is used. The experimental results show that the control system has worked well. This is indicated by controlling and monitoring the results of temperature control via cell phone as expected.

Heart rate response to industrial work at different outdoor temperatures with or without temperature control system at the plant

In this article, the new method for designing the temperature control system with low vibration for a scanning tunneling microscope using dual modes heat exchanging process is proposed. The system is designed to operate into two modes i.e. the temperature control mode and the temperature stabilization mode. In the temperature control mode, the cold water is used as a heat convector in heat exchanging process. To reduce the vibration introduced by flowing of water in heat exchanging process, the cold vapor is used as a low density heat convector in the temperature stabilization mode. To assess the feasibility of the new proposed method, the preliminary experimental system is setup and verified. The experimental result of temperature control with step changed of the set-point temperature shows that temperature inside the cylindrical closed surface capsule reached the set-point value with the rise time of 25 min. The experimental result also shows that temperature stability with the fluctuation level of 0.05 °C and 0.01 °C over periods of 15 min and 2 min, respectively, are achieved. The results indicate that our goal to construct the temperature control system for a scanning tunneling microscope with temperature fluctuation of 0.01 °C over a period of 1 hour and low vibration can be realized by using the proposed method.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of an intelligent shell temperature control system in deep tumor hyperthermia for controlling the temperature in the outer shell of chest and abdominal malignancies. Methods From 2015 to 2016, a randomized comparative study was carried out in the intelligent temperature control system (experimental group containing 37 patients with chest tumor and 26 patients with abdominal tumor) and conventional cooling by replacement of water bags (control group containing 37 patients with chest tumor and 25 patients with abdominal tumor) for chest and abdominal tumor hyperthermia. The effectiveness in controlling the outer shell temperature was compared between the two methods. Results In the experimental group, the first boot of the cooling system occurred at 24.1 and 21.8 minutes on average after the hyperthermia started and the average number of system boots was 2.5. In the control group, patients reminded to replace the water bag at 33.1 and 33.8 minutes on average after the hyperthermia started and the average number of replacements was 3.6. The highest outer shell temperature in patients with chest tumor and abdominal tumor averaged 38.5 and 39.1 ℃ at the first boot of the cooling system in the experimental group and 39.3 and 40.4 ℃ at the first replacement of the cooling water bag in the control group, respectively. The treatment with and without the intelligent temperature control system caused grade ≥Ⅱ empyrosis in 1 and 4 patients with chest tumor and in 0 and 3 patients with abdominal tumor, respectively. Conclusions In deep tumor hyperthermia, compared with the conventional cooling by replacement of water bags, the intelligent shell temperature control system can detect and cool the high-temperature zone in the outer shell at an earlier time, which effectively reduces the incidence of skin burn injury. Key words: Deep hyperthermia; Scalded skin; Temperature control

Chapter 9 - Case Study: Temperature control project

This thesis introduced the advantages of temperature and humidity independent control air conditioning system compared with traditional air conditioning system and the realization principle of temperature and humidity independent control air conditioning system. Then the thesis introduced the classification of temperature and humidity independent control system and the advantages and disadvantages of each kind of system, and finally summarized the existing problems of temperature and humidity independent control system.