An Integral Formula in Weighted Bergman Spaces

In both the Bergman space <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A squared"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A^2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and the Hardy space <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H squared"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , the problem of determining which bounded univalent mappings of the unit disk have the wandering property is addressed. Generally, a function <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^{\infty }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> has the wandering property in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , where <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> denotes either <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper A squared"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>A</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A^2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> or <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H squared"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , provided that every <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">g</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> -invariant subspace <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper M"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">M</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper X"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">X</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is generated by the orthocomplement of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="g upper M"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>g</mml:mi> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">gM</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> within <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper M"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">M</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . It is known that essentially every function which has the wandering property in either space is the composition of a univalent mapping with a classical inner function, and that the identity mapping has this property in both spaces. Consequently, weak-star generators of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper H Superscript normal infinity"> <mml:semantics> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal"> ∞ </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^{\infty }</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> also have the wandering property in both settings. The present paper gives a partial converse to this, and shows that in both settings there is a large class of bounded univalent mappings which fail to have the wandering property.

Extremal functions as divisors for kernels of Toeplitz operators

Preliminary Text. Do not use. 15 years ago the function theory and operator theory connected with the Hardy spaces was well understood (zeros; factorization; interpolation; invariant subspaces; Toeplitz and Hankel operators, etc.). None of the techniques that led to all the information about Hardy spaces worked on their close relatives the Bergman spaces. Most mathematicians who worked in the intersection of function theory and operator theory thought that progress on the Bergman spaces was unlikely. Now the situation has completely changed. Today there are rich theories describing the Bergman spaces and their operators. Research interest and research activity in the area has been high for several years. A book is badly needed on Bergman spaces and the three authors are the right people to write it.

In the setting of the unit disk we have recently obtained characterizations in terms of Carleson measures for bounded/compact differences of weighted composition operators acting from a standard weighted Bergman space into the corresponding weighted Lebesgue space. In this paper we extend those results to the case when the exponents of the domain space and the target space are different.

We consider Toeplitz operators $T_f^{\lambda}$ with symbol $f$ acting on the standard weighted Bergman spaces over a bounded symmetric domain $\Omega\subset \mathbb{C}^n$. Here $\lambda > genus-1$ is the weight parameter. The classical asymptotic semi-commutator relation $\lim_{\lambda \rightarrow \infty} \big{\|}T_f^{\lambda} T_g^{\lambda} -T_{fg}^{\lambda} \big{\|}=0$ with $f,g \in C(\overline{\mathbb{B}^n})$, where $\Omega=\mathbb{B}^n$ denotes the complex unit ball, is extended to larger classes of bounded and unbounded operator symbol-functions and to more general domains. We deal with operator symbols that generically are neither continuous inside $\Omega$ (Section 4) nor admit a continuous extension to the boundary (Section 3 and 4). Let $\beta$ denote the Bergman metric distance function on $\Omega$. We prove that the semi-commutator relation remains true for $f$ and $g$ in the space ${\rm UC}(\Omega)$ of all $\beta$-uniformly continuous functions on $\Omega$. Note that this space contains also unbounded functions. In case of the complex unit ball $\Omega=\mathbb{B}^n \subset \mathbb{C}^n$ we show that the semi-commutator relation holds true for bounded symbols in ${\rm VMO}(\mathbb{B}^n)$, where the vanishing oscillation inside $\mathbb{B}^n$ is measured with respect to $\beta$. At the same time the semi-commutator relation fails for generic bounded measurable symbols. We construct a corresponding counterexample using oscillating symbols that are continuous outside of a single point in $\Omega$.

An analogue of the Paley–Wiener theorem is developed for weighted&#13;\nBergman spaces of analytic functions in the upper half-plane. The result is applied to show that the invariant subspaces of the shift operator on the standard Bergman space of the unit disk can be identified with those of a convolution Volterra operator on the space L2 (R+, (1/t)dt).

If a thin elastic circular plate B: ∣z∣ &lt; 1 is clamped (simply supported, respectively) along its edge ∣z∣ = 1, its deflection at z ∈ B under a point load at ζ ∈ B, measured positively in the direction of the gravitational pull, is the biharmonic Green's function β(z, ζ) of the clamped plate (γ(z, ζ) of the simply supported plate, respectively). We ask: how do β(z, ζ) and γ(z, ζ) compare with the corresponding deflections β0(z, ζ) and γ0(z, ζ) of the punctured circular plate B0: 0 &lt; ∣ z ∣ &lt; 1 that is “clamped” or “simply supported”, respectively, also at the origin? We shall show that γ(z, ζ) is not affected by the puncturing, that is, γ(·, ζ) = γ0(·, ζ), whereas β(·, ζ) is:on B0 × B0. Moreover, while β((·, ζ) is of constant sign, β0(·, ζ) is not. This gives a simple counterexmple to the conjecture of Hadamard [6] that the deflection of a clampled thin elastic plate be always of constant sign:The biharmonic Gree's function of a clampled concentric circular annulus is not of constant sign if the radius of the inner boundary circle is sufficiently small.Earlier counterexamples to Hadamard's conjecture were given by Duffin [2], Garabedian [4], Loewner [7], and Szegö [9]. Interest in the problem was recently revived by the invited address of Duffin [3] before the Annual Meeting of the American Mathematical Society in 1974. The drawback of the counterexample we will present is that, whereas the classical examples are all simply connected, ours is not. In the simplicity of the proof, however, there is no comparison.

The lattice of invariant subspaces of several Banach spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk, for example the Bergman spaces and the Dirichlet spaces, have been studied recently. A natural question is to what extent these investigations carry over to analogously defined spaces on an annulus. We consider this question in the context of general Banach spaces of analytic functions on finitely connected domains $\Omega$. The main result reads as follows: Assume that $B$ is a Banach space of analytic functions satisfying some conditions on the domain $\Omega$. Assume further that $M(B)$ is the set of all multipliers of $B$. Let $\Omega _1$ be a domain obtained from $\Omega$ by adding some of the bounded connectivity components of $\Bbb C \setminus \Omega$. Also, let $B_1$ be the closed subspace of $B$ of all functions that extend analytically to $\Omega _1$. Then the mapping $I \mapsto \operatorname{clos} (I\cdot M(B))$ gives a one-to-one correspondence between a class of multiplier invariant subspaces $I$ of $B_1$, and a class of multiplier invariant subspaces $J$ of $B$. The inverse mapping is given by $J \mapsto J \cap B_1$.

A Relation Between Two Biharmonic Green's Functions on Riemannian Manifolds

A nonexistence test for biharmonic Green's functions of clamped bodies.

Characterizations of certain classes of Hankel operators on the Bergman spaces of the unit disk

In this survey we shall explore (one definition of) generalized trigonometric functions from different standpoints and illustrate the roles they play in various branches of mathematics. We start from the analytic point of view and for each p is an element of (1, infinity) introduce a function sin(p)(-1) by an integral formula, which is just an extension of the well known integral representation of arcsin, and then use it to define generalized sine, cosine and tangent functions (labelled sin(p), cos(p) and tan(p) respectively). Numerous properties of these functions, such as an identity of Pythagorean type, are exhibited. Then we consider the unit circle in R-2 with the l(p) norm and define generalized trigonometric functions as is done in the standard case when the 12 norm is used. We show that these functions coincide with those introduced earlier. In the third section we consider the integral operator T : L-P (I) -> L-P (I) given by T f(x) = integral(x)(0) f(t)dt, where I = (0,1), and look at the problem of finding an extremal function (an element of the unit sphere of L-P(I) at which the norm of T is attained). It turns out that the extremal functions are given by cos(p). The following section deals with the Dirichlet eigenvalue problem for the p-Laplacian on a bounded interval: all eigenfunctions are expressible by means of sin(p) functions, which corresponds exactly to the classical situation when p = 2. After establishing a connection with approximation theory, we conclude with a review of other ways in which the classical trigonometric functions have been generalized. In the literature a variety of different definitions of generalized trigonometric functions can be found (see [1], [14], [15], [8]): all extend the classical functions and preserve some of their properties. It becomes clear that no single definition preserves all the classical properties and that which definition is adopted depends on the applications envisaged. Our focus on a particular choice reflects our research interests. For an earlier survey (in Czech) see [6].

We study the norm of point evaluation at the origin in the Paley–Wiener space PWp for 0 < p < ∞, i.e., we search for the smallest positive constant C, called Cp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$\\end{document}, such that the inequality |f(0)|p≤C∥f∥pp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\vert f(0)\\vert ^{p}\\leq C \\Vert f\\Vert _{p}^{p}$$\\end{document} holds for every f in PWp. We present evidence and prove several results supporting the following monotonicity conjecture: The function p↦Cp/p\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$p \\mapsto {\\mathscr{C}}_{p}/p$$\\end{document} is strictly decreasing on the half-line (0, ∞). Our main result implies that Cp<p/2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr{C}}_{p} < p/2$$\\end{document} for 2 < p < ∞, and we verify numerically that Cp>p/2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr{C}}_{p} > p/2$$\\end{document} for 1 ≤ p < 2. We also estimate the asymptotic behavior of Cp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$\\end{document} as p → ∞ and as p → 0+. Our approach is based on expressing Cp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$\\end{document} as the solution of an extremal problem. Extremal functions exist for all 0 < p < ∞; they are real entire functions with only real zeros, and the extremal functions are known to be unique for 1 ≤ p < ∞. Following work of Hörmander and Bernhardsson, we rely on certain orthogonality relations associated with the zeros of extremal functions, along with certain integral formulas representing respectively extremal functions and general functions at the origin. We also use precise numerical estimates for the largest eigenvalue of the Landau–Pollak–Slepian operator of time-frequency concentration. A number of qualitative and quantitative results on the distribution of the zeros of extremal functions are established. In the range 1 < p < ∞, the orthogonality relations associated with the zeros of the extremal function are linked to a de Branges space. We state a number of conjectures and further open problems pertaining to Cp\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\\mathscr{C}}_{p}$$\\end{document} and the extremal functions.

Norm Approximation by Polynomials in Some Weighted Bergman Spaces

Let L2 = L2(D, r dr dθ/π) be the Lebesgue space on the open unit disc and let be the Bergman space. Let P be the orthogonal projection of L2 onto and let Q be the orthogonal projection onto . Then I − P ≥ Q. The big Hankel operator and the small Hankel operator on are defined as: for ϕ in L∞, and . In this paper, the finite‐rank intermediate Hankel operators between and are studied. We are working on the more general space, that is, the weighted Bergman space.