AN OPTIMIZED APPROACH TO AUTOMATED EXAMINATION TIMETABLE GENERATION

The performance of human resources in educational institutions is one of the keys to the success of the educational process. Therefore, schools need to prepare human resources who are qualified and competent in their fields, and efforts are needed to improve the quality of human resources in educational institutions. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of Competence, Work Motivation, and Leadership on Teacher Performance at SMA Negeri 4 Seluma. The analysis methods used in this study include Validity Test, Reliability Test, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, Coefficient of Determination, and Hypothesis Testing using t-test and F-test with a sample of 47 respondents. From the calculations using SPSS, we can see that competence and work motivation affect but are not significant to teacher performance. Leadership, on the other hand, affects and is significant to teacher performance. From the SPSS calculations, it is known that the determination coefficient value of the variables competence, work motivation, and leadership is 0.791, which can be understood that the X variables have a positive effect on teacher performance (Y) at SMA Negeri 4 Seluma, amounting to 79.1%, while the remaining 20.9% is influenced by variables that were not studied.

ABSTRACT: Keywords: Smart Classroom, Automated Timetable Scheduling, Timetable Generator, Classroom Management System, Scheduling Algorithm, Conflict-Free Scheduling, Educational Technology, Resource Optimization, Academic Management System, CSV Data Processing Creating a timetable is one of the most important and challenging administrative tasks in educational institutions. It involves coordinating various factors such as teachers, subjects, class timings, and institutional requirements. Preparing timetables manually takes a lot of time and often leads to errors, including overlapping classes, overloading teachers, and poor distribution of subjects. As the number of students and subjects continues to grow, the traditional manual method is becoming increasingly difficult to manage and less practical. This project focuses on designing and implementing an Automatic Timetable Generator that creates a valid and conflict-free timetable using structured data from teachers.csv and subjects.csv files. The system reads the relationships between teachers and subjects, considers scheduling constraints, and assigns subjects to appropriate time slots. While doing so, it ensures that no teacher is scheduled for more than one class at the same time. The final timetable is presented in a clear and well-organized tabular format, making it easy to understand and maintain for future reference. The proposed system helps reduce manual effort, removes scheduling conflicts, and improves overall efficiency in timetable creation. It is cost-effective, user-friendly, and can be easily adopted by schools, colleges, and training institutes. In addition, this project provides a strong base for future improvements, such as developing a web-based version, adding room allocation features, and applying advanced optimization techniques.

NASA researchers, working under the Aviation System Capacity Program and in conjunction with the FAA Free Flight Program Office, have developed a set of decision support tools to assist terminal area air traffic controllers with control of arrival and departure traffic. Two of these tools, the Final Approach Spacing Tool (FAST) and the Expedite Departure Path (EDP) tool, provide air traffic controllers with heading, speed and altitude advisories to assist in spacing aircraft. This paper describes the conflict prediction and resolution algorithm shared by aFAST and EDP to produce conflict-free aircraft trajectories with realistic conflict resolution maneuvers. The process is accomplished in three stages: prediction, classification and resolution. A conflict prediction scheme is documented which incorporates all applicable FAA separation requirements, including automatic detection of separation during transition from staggered to simultaneous parallel approach operations. A method of classifying predicted conflicts with a limited set of criteria is detailed. Finally, a knowledge-based conflict resolution process is presented which allows for resolution of predicted conflicts in a manner consistent with controller practice: including prioritization of resolution tactics and mixture of multiple degrees of freedom to achieve separation. The scheme has been employed in both closed-loop simulations to determine solution stability and controller-in-the-loop simulations to begin development of the resolution tactics knowledge base.

Stochastic optimal control for aircraft conflict resolution under wind uncertainty

A method for conflict detection and resolution based on the parameterization of the aircraft intents is presented. The method is also based on the use of predefined trajectory patterns, which are in fact flight intents; these patterns include standard airline procedures and air traffic control regulations. The conflict resolution problem is formulated as a parametric optimization problem subject to constraints; the optimality criterium is defined so that the deviation from the intended (preferred) trajectories in the lateral profile is minimized. The resolution trajectory patterns take into account changes of the nominal waypoints (vectoring) and changes of the aircraft speeds. The method is applied to the case of multiple conflicts among commercial transport aircraft in converging traffic in the terminal area; different scenarios are considered, which include locked aircraft, that is, aircraft whose trajectories are known and fixed. The conflict detection and resolution algorithm relies on a kinetic trajectory predictor (nonlinear point-mass model with variable mass), which is accurate, flexible, and transparent, and provides the high-fidelity prediction required in the analysis of the demanding terminal area traffic. The cost of the global conflict resolution process is assessed, in terms of extra distance traveled, extra flight time, and extra fuel consumed for each aircraft.

Conflict is inevitable to take place in collaborative design, and conflict resolution plays an important part in complex product collaborative design systems. Firstly, a mathematic description model in collaborative design considering resource conflict, process conflict and design conflict is given, and the mathematic model expresses the origin of conflict and shows that conflict resolution is a multiobjective planning problem. Next, a conflict resolution algorithm considering design objective optimization is presented, and fuzzy value and fuzzy grade are applied in the algorithm. Depending on both considering design variables having fundamental influences on its design objectives and the cost of conflict resolution, the algorithm can improve the quality and efficiency of conflict resolution. Finally, an example of single cylindrical gear reducer is used to show the validity of the algorithm.

An airborne conflict resolution approach is presented that is capable of providing flight plans forecast to be conflict-free with both area and traffic hazards. This approach is capable of meeting constraints on the flight plan such as required times of arrival (RTA) at a fix. The conflict resolution algorithm is based upon a genetic algorithm, and can thus seek conflict-free flight plans meeting broader flight planning objectives such as minimum time, fuel or total cost. The method has been applied to conflicts occurring 6 to 25 minutes in the future in climb, cruise and descent phases of flight. The conflict resolution approach separates the detection, trajectory generation and flight rules function from the resolution algorithm. The method is capable of supporting pilot-constructed resolutions, cooperative and non-cooperative maneuvers, and also providing conflict resolution on trajectories forecast by an onboard FMC.

A new paradigm regarding a significant technological development has been introduced, each individual gets full trust in controlling an asset and can see the level of authenticity of a particular asset. Through qualitative methods, it is possible to have structured results as the first step to the perfection of the digitalisation era, in which the current revolutionary technology called blockchain has come into play. One of the main innovations found through this research is the role of blockchain in enhancing e-certificate data security, it is proven that administration can be well distributed and reduce operational costs for every field in the world. It is clear that blockchain, especially in the world of education certification, has a big impact, because it can create a global trust network, immutable, authenticated ubiquitous, and can shape a better world for Indonesia as a superpower. With good execution using the SHA-256 hash, e-certificate blockchain technology can be of high value and have an impact on the quality of potential human resources in educational institutions.

The paper deals with the interface of human resources andthe value of human capital under the aspect of the educationinstitutions. Nowadays, economic development is increasinglydependent on investment in human capital and preservation ofintellectual potential. However, there is a clear trend that humanpotential is not ranked enough and it is still under investment.Whereas the value created by human capital is treated as an investmentin human resources, this paper analizes the key aspectsof the human resources in education institutions. Nagrinėjama žmogiškųjų išteklių ir žmogiškojo kapitalo vertės sąsaja švietimo įstaigų aspektu. Šių dienų ekonomikosvystymasis vis labiau priklauso nuo investicijų į žmogiškąjį kapitalą bei intelektinio potencialo išsaugojimą, tačiaupastebima aiški tendencija, kad žmogiškasis potencialas nėra pakankamai vertimas, žmogiškojo kapitalo vertė nesuvokiamakaip vienas vertingiausių išteklių nūdienos ekonomikoje, todėl vis dar investuojama nepakankamai. Kadangi žmogiškojo kapitalosukuriama vertė yra traktuojama kaip investicijos į žmogiškuosius išteklius, straipsnyje nagrinėjami pagrindiniai švietimoįstaigų žmogiškųjų išteklių aspektai.

Providing training and provision of human resources in educational institutions is very necessary to build quality output. Strengthening human resources will also strengthen the institution, because having quality human resources is a valuable asset.This study aims to analyse the strategy for strengthening Islamic education management based on employment by referring to the Strategic Plan (Renstra) of the Department of Manpower and Transmigration of Rejang Lebong Regency for 2021-2026. The research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach using document analysis, applying SWOT analysis and the IPO-OI (Input-Process-Output-Outcome-Impact) framework. The findings indicate that regional employment policies hold significant potential to be integrated into the Islamic education system, particularly in strengthening value-based and skill-oriented curricula. Institutional strengths, funding opportunities, and the potential for cross-sectoral collaboration serve as strategic assets for developing Islamic education that is more relevant, contextual, and empowerment-oriented. Conversely, limitations in human resources, infrastructure, and the mismatch between education and labour market demands remain key challenges that must be addressed through digital transformation and inter-institutional synergy. The study concludes that Islamic education must transform into a strategic force, not only producing pious graduates in terms of personal faith and character but also individuals who are productive and capable of contributing meaningfully to regional social and economic development.

Over the years studies of scientific publications were on the rise and controlling their content and references was almost impossible. With the provision of platforms like Scopus, Web of Science, and other science databases, this became much easier due to indexation and citation mechanisms incorporated in these databases. In the paper is made an overview of some popular scientific databases. The accessibility of the platforms to people with visual disabilities is investigated. Also, results from scientific research about application of scientific resources and databases in Kosovo’s education institutions are presented.

This study examines the evolution of multicultural education in the context of conflict resolution. This study is guided by two central concerns: 1) the urgency of transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution, and 2) the strategy for transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution. This article is the result of a qualitative investigation employing a narrative literature study design. Google Scholar, an academic database, was used to compile all the literature. The authors used several document search keywords, namely “urgency, multicultural, education, resolution, conflict” and “strategy, multicultural, education, resolution, conflict”. This study clarified, first, that there are several imperatives for transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution: 1) understanding mutual respect; 2) increasing multicultural awareness; 3) developing dialogue skills; 4) encouraging social inclusion; 5) improving historical and contextual understanding; 6) developing conflict resolution skills; and 7) developing a pluralistic identity; Second, there are several strategies for transforming multicultural education in conflict resolution, such as 1) integration of multicultural principles into the educational curriculum; 2) training in conflict resolution skills; 3) dialogue education; 4) establishment of an inclusive learning environment; and 5) collaboration between communities. This research contributes conceptually to mapping educational institutions’ urgency and strategy to transform multicultural education into conflict resolution. This study contributes conceptually to the mapping of educational institutions' urgency and strategy to transition multicultural education into conflict resolution

China has been gradually relaxing its ban on the use of low-altitude airspace across the country. To guarantee the high reliability of air traffic management (ATM), conflict detection and conflict resolution (CDR) approaches are indispensable to maintain safe separation between neighbouring small fixed-wing aircraft. In this study, we analyse a temporal and spatial integrated strategy for safety assessment purposes in opening the low-altitude urban airspace of Chinese pilot cities. First, we present a detailed mathematical description of the proposed algorithms based on a spatial grid partitioning system (SGPS). For our system, a conflict detection (CD) algorithm is designed to determine if two trajectories pass through the same grid space within overlapping time windows. A conflict resolution (CR) algorithm integrates a proposed time scheduling-based technique (TST) and vertical change-based technique (VCT), which operate under predetermined basic principles. Then, based on our novel CDR algorithms, a causal model is constructed in graphical modelling and analysis software (GMAS) to generate a state space that can provide a global perspective on scenario dynamics and better understanding of induced conflict occurrences. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach is practical and efficient.

Microsystems comprising microfluidic networks and miniaturized actuators, transducers, and sensors provide a convenient, revealing, and low-cost means for studying chemical reactions, separation processes such as filtration and extraction, phase changes, mixing, heat and mass transfer, and fluid flow phenomena. For instance, palm-sized plastic cartridges or cassettes (‘chips’) with channels, chambers, manifolds and other components for flow control and fluid actuation can be instrumented with embedded thermocouples and pressure sensors, and operated with small Peltier coolers/heaters and programmable syringe pumps or microrotary pumps. With proper design, the on-chip microfluidic processes can also be imaged with CCD cameras (especially using fluorescent dyes and particles), and infrared thermal cameras for temperature profiling. Such image (including video) capture and processing affords much more data compared to point sensors such as thermocouples and pressure transducers, and can be directly compared with finite element modeling. These systems are effective vehicles for project-based learning in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, chemical reaction engineering, separation processes and other unit operations, process control, and various biotechnical operations such as enzymatic digestion, nucleic acid amplification, and sample fractionation. The chips are made as bonded laminates from patterned acrylic, polycarbonate, thin metal sheet, and many other material types. Students can quickly design (using CAD software such as SolidWorks™), simulate (using FEM programs such as Comsol) microfluidic platforms, that can be rapid prototyped with laser machining, 3D printing, CNC machining, soft lithography, engraving and printed circuit board fabrication methods with a turn-around time of 1 day. The chip is instrumented using LabView™ or an Arduino™ microcontroller for data acquisition and process control. These benchtop or desktop systems make only modest demands on the resources of educational institutions, due to their low cost and safety, and minimal waste generation and reagent consumption. Also, their multidisciplinary nature affords an excellent opportunity for students to integrate their knowledge of CAD, simulation, prototyping, instrumentation and microcontrollers, statistical data analysis, and image processing and analysis. Further, these experiments give students a high level of hands on interaction and visualization of important unit operation processes. We discuss in detail some representative systems for heat exchangers, mixers, chemical reactors, and crystal growth, and their use as educational, project-based modules in the undergraduate engineering curriculum.

The need for electrical engineering education is determined by the structure of Ukrainian economic potential. The necessity for art education is caused by the mentality of the Ukrainian population. These types of education together demonstrate the unity of the material and spiritual development of Ukrainian society. Russia's military aggression harms the organization of electrical engineering and art education. These types of education are characterized by special organization of the educational process. Specific research methods: the binary relationship "engineering education - art education" proves the single didactic basis of these educations; full induction allows you to define educational institutions as elements of the sides of a binary relation; mental analysis made it possible to single out inseparable aspects of the organization of the educational process; qualitative and quantitative typological grouping made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the organization of both types of education. The paper substantiates a unified approach to the organization of electrical engineering and art education under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine. A system of argumentation that proves the dominance of practical experience (knowledge, skills) over theoretical concepts (knowledge) in fundamentally different fields of knowledge should be considered the main scientific achievement. A significant saving of financial and other resources for changing the approach (comprehensive to differentiated) to the relocation of higher education institutions from the occupied territories should be considered the main practical achievement.