Analysis and Thinking of Visual Elements in Cigarette Label Design Based on Green Concept

Enrollments in online courses continue to grow. With this growth has come an increased need for instructors to develop content for their courses using digital technology. To address instructors’ abilities to develop content for a virtual environment, institutions have focused on the most effective and efficient ways to design online courses and programs. However, despite increased focus on the instructional design of online courses, little attention has been given to their visual design. This is problematic because research suggests that the visual design of online courses can improve the student learning experience. Given this problem, additional research is needed to understand the visual design of online courses, including page layout design and the integration of visual media. Three different studies were conducted to address this problem (a.) Study 1 is a literature review that synthesizes the relevant topics in visual communication design to online course development. The study addressed the mechanics of visual design but also external factors that influence visual design thinking. In this chapter, the authors seek to clarify the process of using visual design to improve the online learning experience. The chapter concludes by suggesting strategies that colleges and universities can use to help faculty and instructional designers learn visual design skills through the creation of a design studio. (b.) Study 2 is an exploratory qualitative study that investigates the ways in which educators in higher education apply visual design to their online courses through the design process framework of looking, thinking, doing, and critiquing (LTD+C). Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore instructor’s use of a visual design process, application of visual design thinking, and perceived barriers in designing online classrooms. Based on the findings of the study, it is suggested that the visual design process in online courses can fit within the LTD+C framework and activities associated with each part of the process should be further explored. (c.) Study 3 is a qualitative content analysis of images used in online courses. The study examined the current use of images in higher-education online classrooms along with the ability of instructors to create, select, and apply images to an online classroom learning management system by exploring well-known frameworks of image taxonomy in online classrooms. Based on the findings of this study it is suggested that the current framework of educational image taxonomy can be elaborated upon and that instructors need better training in appropriately handling using images in online classrooms. The general conclusion promoted in this dissertation is that visual design needs more emphasis within the field of education from both practical applications and research-based studies.

With the continuous development of our country’s modernisation process and the continuous development of education, the education of design talents is getting more and more attention from people, the era of design as a “secondary subject” in schools has ended, modern people have recognised that the world of design is a world of infinite wonders, and that some design experience is an indispensable element for enriching people’s lives, and design is related to the deepest things in human nature. Design is closely related to the deepest part of human nature. As an important part of the design field, visual communication design is not only an education of design techniques as traditionally believed, but also a complex systematic project to develop wisdom. It is not possible to improve one’s design quality with only a little bit of technique. In addition to mastering design technique, we must also be familiar with the development history of design and its development prospect, have the ability to appreciate design and have insight into design, and fully explore one’s own visual thinking, so as to make one’s own design thinking more active. Visual thinking is a novel concept. This ability is inherent in us, and for designers of visual communication design, the cultivation of visual thinking should be richer and more diversified. But to engage in design through this ability requires special training.

The present study deals with male’s attitude towards contraceptive use behavior and fatalism in Peshawar city, Pakistan. Pakhtoon mostly inhabitsPeshawar city, which has its own culture, highly strict in terms of women emancipation and considered women freedom as a sin and culturallyasking for severe punishment even in some cases death for the offenders. A sample size of 613 married male respondents (15-49 years old) wasinterviewed through cluster sampling procedure from five randomly selected bazaars out of total fifteen. Likert and Semantic Differential Scales were used in devising independent and dependent variables while constructing interview schedule. At first stage univariate analysis and then bivariate analysis were carried out to reach into logical outcome. Both dependent variable (Contraceptive Use Behavior) and independent variable (Fatalism) were indexed and reliability analysis was carriedout through Cronbach’s alpha test. The reliability coefficients were found lying between .7 to .8. Both dependent and independent variables were indexed and cross-tabulated for conducting bi-variate analysis. Gamma, Chi-square and Fisher Exact Test was used to determine the strength, direction and level of association between dependent and independent variables. Majority of the respondents had a clear vision of family planning and found to be moderately consistent of contraceptive use behavior. Moreover, respondents negated that fate prescribes the final number of children, a childless woman is a handicapped person, a sonless womanis a sign of misfortune, more children ensure perpetuation of family; bring husband and wife closer and sign of prestige. Results based onindexation of variables showed a low intensity of fatalistic behavior amongst the respondents of the study area. Efforts are needed on part of the policy makers to properly portray the complexities involved in the bareness of a woman by recognizing more rights for women than just producing children. Moreover, Peshawar city needs to be declared as model to other parts of the country, which is still in the grip of fatalism.

This study aims to determine the effect of the independent variable (reference interest rate, the amount of credit extended to the public and the amount of third party funds received from the public) on the dependent variable (net interest income at conventional commercial banks in Indonesia). The research method uses multiple linear regression analysis. The stages of the research are determining the multiple linear regression equation, calculation of the coefficient of determination, F test (simultaneous) and t test (partial). The results showed that the most influencing variable Net Interest Income based on the order of the coefficient was the Amount of Credit, Reference Interest Rate and Amount of Third Party Funds. That as much as 91.70% of the factors that influence the independent variables can be explained by the independent variables, while the remaining 8.30% can be explained by other factors outside the variables in this study. And simultaneously or partially all the independent variables play a role in influencing the dependent variable.

Traditional theoretical calculations, field measurements, and finite element methods sometimes fail to realize life cycle simulations of the temperature field and temperature effect of steel–concrete composite bridge deck systems. In this paper, a simulation method based on a back propagation–long short-term memory (BP-LSTM) network correlation model is proposed to predict the temperature field and temperature effect in a low-cost and highly efficient manner. A bridge was used as the engineering background according to a health monitoring system, and the finite element method based on the principle of heat transfer was used to expand the data sets. Data sets with structural, time, and environmental characteristics as the independent variables and temperature and the temperature effect as the dependent variables were formed. The correlation between the dependent and independent variables was verified using the maximal information coefficient. Thus, the BP-LSTM model was established, and the mean squared error loss function considering the time weight was designed. The data set was read in for training, verification, and testing, and a correlation model representing the relationship between the set’s independent and dependent variables was obtained with relatively high accuracy. Finally, combined with the bridge’s historical meteorological data, the established correlation model was used to simulate the bridge’s temperature field and temperature effect. The results indicated that the finite element calculation results of the structure’s temperature field based on the heat transfer principle were basically consistent with the measured results. The independent variables in the data set were non-linearly related to the dependent variables. The BP-LSTM’s prediction accuracy of the temperature field and temperature effect was above 98.8% and 94.5%, respectively, in good agreement with the target value. The variation law of the temperature field and temperature effect of the steel–concrete composite bridge deck system simulated by combining the historical meteorological statistics was in accordance with reality.

The purposes of this study is to identify the correlation of physical environment, socio-cultural and socio-ecomic to the community participation by the National Program of Community Empowerment for rural areas empowering (Rural-PNPM) The research was conducted by survey method and using independent variables such as physical environment, socio-culture and socio-economic factor while the dependent variable is the community participation. Respondents are the people who particpipate directly and or indirectly to the implementation of the Rural-PNPM. They are consisting of 100 respondents by using systematic sampling technique. The data were then processced and analyzed by using simple linear regresion, multi linear regresion. This analysis aimed to find out the correlation of each independent variable to the dependent variable, and to predict changing its variables. The results showed that level of community participation is in mid category 61% and the inferensial statistics suggests that: First, the correlation between indenpendent and dependent variabel are quite strong category and positive with correlation cofficien value (R) 0,519. Second, determination coefficient value (R square) reaches (0,353). It indicates that the physical environment; socio-cultural and socio-ecomic factor contribute 35.3 persent to the level of community participation at the tourism development. Third, level of community participation influenced by physical environment, socio-culture and socio-economic factor. They are sanitation, age, education, activity in social organization with regression coefficient (Y = 0,509 + 0,201X1 + 0,152X2 + 0,451X3 + 0,224X4 + 0,006X5). Fourth, in partially, sanitation, education level, activity in social organization and family income variables have weak positive effect and significant to the level of community partisipation, while age a very weak positive but not significant.

Thematic learning is learning with a theme to combine several lessons so that it can provide a meaningful experience to students. This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of thematic learning on the learning motivation of grade V students at SDN 002 Sungai Pinang Dalam Samarinda in the 2019/2020 learning year. This type of research is ex post facto research, because there is no control over the independent variables. This study consists of two variables, namely the independent variable and one dependent variable. The independent variable is the implementation of thematic learning (X). The dependent variable is student learning motivation (Y). The population of this study were class V students of the 2019/2020 learning year at SDN 002 Sungai Pinang Dalam. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The data analysis techniques were data normality test, homogeneity test, data linearity test and simple linear regression test. Researchers also do not make arrangements or manipulate the independent variables. The results showed that there was a significant influence between the implementation of thematic learning on the learning motivation of grade V students at SDN 002 Sungai Pinang Dalam Samarinda for the 2019/2020 learning year with a moderate determination coefficient value of 0.50 or 50%. From the regression equation Y = 14.774 + 0.759X, it can be seen that the consistency value of the thematic learning implementation variable is 14.774 while the X regression coefficient is 0.759 which states that every 1% of thematic learning (X) implementation will increase student learning motivation by 0.759. The regression coefficient is positive, thus it can be said that the direction of the influence of the thematic learning implementation variable on student learning motivation is positive.

Objective To establish Z-scores reference ranges for fetal atrial volume in normal fetuses for accurate assessment of fetal cardiac structure and function. Methods Two hundred ninty-three normal fetuses with gestational ages between 18 to 38 weeks were investigated.Biparietal diameter (BPD), femur length (FL) and gestational age (GA) were measured.Left atrial volume (LAV) and right atrial volume (RAV) were obtained using echocardiographic Xplane imaging. Subsequently, the optimal regression equation was established with BPD, FL and GA as the independent variable and LAV and RAV as the dependent variable, and then Z-scores of LAV and RAV were calculated. Results The linear regression equation of LAV and FL was Y=0.056×FL-1.791 (r=0.952); the linear regression equation of RAV and FL was Y=0.057×FL-1.833 (r=0.942); the linear regression equation of LAV and BPD was Y=0.046×BPD-2.289 (r=0.910); the linear regression equation of RAV and BPD was Y=0.047×BPD-2.348 (r=0.903); the linear regression equation of LAV and GA was Y=0.122×GA-2.403 (r=0.952); the linear regression equation of RAV and GA was Y=0.125×GA-2.456 (r=0.942). There was significant heteroscedasticity of standard deviation (SD) with increasing independent variables, then weighted regression of absolute residuals was used in order to minimize the effect of heteroscedasticity, and the linear regression equation was established. The linear regression equation of LAV-SD and FL was Y=0.005×FL-0.119 (r=0.272); the linear regression equation of RAV-SD and FL was Y=0.005×FL-0.104 (r=0.240); the linear regression equation of LAV-SD and BPD was Y=0.00375×BPD-0.125 (r=0.210); the linear regression equation of RAV-SD and BPD was Y=0.00375×BPD-0.10875 (r=0.192); the linear regression equation of LAV-SD and GA is Y=0.0125×GA-0.21125 (r=0.346); the linear regression equation of RAV-SD and GA was Y=0.0125×GA-0.20875 (r=0.308). According to these equations, the Z-score calculation formula for LAV was (measured LAV-predicted LAV from BPD, FL and GA)/SD of predicted LAV; Z-score calculation formula for RAV was (measured RAV-predicted RAV from BPD, FL and GA)/SD of predicted RAV. Conclusions Fetal Z-scores references for the LAV and RAV can be established using common fetal biometrical parameters (including FL, BPD and GA utilizing statistical methods based on a large sample size). This enhances accurate assessment of growth and development of fetal cardiac structures, and provides novel insights for the determination of fetal atrial volume in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Key words: Echocardiography; Left atrial volume; Right atrial volume; Z-score; Xplane

The covariation of independent and dependant variables in neurofeedback: a proposal framework to identify cognitive processes and brain activity variables.

Count Data in Medical Research: Poisson Regression and Negative Binomial Regression

It is difficult to study the brain "at rest" with an approach generally pursued in science when external manipulation (independent variable) is used to obtain informative measurements (dependent variable) about the object of interest. External manipulation in its classic sense may suspend the resting state, and hence the object of interest will evade. Naturally, unless in a final and irreversible state, biological rest will always be an endogenously dynamic process. Combining two modalities, electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), to simultaneously measure the brain's activity from two angles, one can be chosen to be interpreted as the independent variable and the other as the dependent variable, and without external manipulation the brain's spontaneous dynamics can be studied. The EEG, for example, observes endogenous modulations of vigilance and detects spontaneous events such as sleep spindles or epileptic discharges and can be used as the independent variable, i.e., to form a regressor to interrogate the fMRI data (dependent variable). The opposite is possible as well, and data fusion attempts try using all data both as dependent and independent variables at the same time. This review limits itself to an exemplary discussion of simultaneous EEG/fMRI studies in humans, and among a variety of proposed resting state networks only discusses a few, especially those for which non-resting state literature has proposed a functional meaning: the "default mode" network and an attentional network. It will be shown that one EEG feature can correlate with different fMRI activation maps and that a single resting state network may be associated with a variety of EEG patterns giving insight into the function of different resting states and the relationship between the two modalities in themselves.

Evidence for HIV transmission across key populations: a longitudinal analysis of HIV and AIDS rates among Black people who inject drugs and Black heterosexuals in 84 large U.S. metropolitan areas, 2008–2016

For people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) positive social support networks (SSNs) can help improve quality of life, overall well-being, coping, and decrease mood disturbance, morbidity, mortality, sexual and substance associated...

This research mainly aimed at studying the extension needs of caraway farmers in El-Mesery Agricultural Cooperative-El Amereia - Alexandria Governorate. This necessitated the achievement of the following sub-objectives: (1) Identify some of the respondents 'characteristics, (2) Identify the cognitive level of the respondents, (3) Identify the related and influencing variables on the cognitive level of the respondents, (4) Identify the respondents' trends towards caraway cultivation, ( 5) Identifying the related and influencing variables in the respondents ’attitudes towards caraway cultivation, (6) Identifying the most important problems they face in cultivating and marketing the caraway crop. The personal interview questionnaire form was used to complete the field data from a random sample of 200 respondents, and the percentages, range, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, frequency tables and simple correlation coefficient of Pearson were used in the presentation, discussion and analysis of the results. statistical analysis.The study concluded many research results, the most prominent of which are the following: 1-With regard to the characteristics of the studied caraway farmers, the research results indicated that 66%Of the total respondents, their ages are less than 40-53 years, and that (32.5%) of the respondents are illiterate, and that the farmers studied have all previously cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants, and the percentage of those with moderate experience reached 42.5%, of the total respondents 2-The low cognitive level in caraway cultivation is 15%, the average cognitive level is 69%, and the high cognitive level is 16%, and the results showed a positive and significant correlation at the probability level 0.01 Between the cognitive level of the surveyed farmers and each of the following independent variables: full-time agricultural work, the number of years of experience cultivating medicinal and aromatic plants, media openness, agricultural information sources, membership of organizations, opinion leadership, readiness for change, living satisfaction, level of ambition and direction towards agricultural extension. While that correlation was positive and significant at the probability level 0.05 with both age and educational level, while that relationship was negative and significant at the probability level 0.05 with the variable of agricultural land tenure, It was not clear that there was a significant correlation relationship between the dependent variable and only two independent variables: the number of family members and community participation. The subsistence variable, devotion to agricultural work, and that these four independent variables collectively affect the dependent variable by 74.1% and that the organizational membership variable is more influential in the dependent variable as it helps explain 61% of the possible variation in the dependent variable. 3- The percentage of those with positive trends towards caraway cultivation was 25.5%, neutral trends 54.5%, and negative trends 20% of the total number of farmers surveyed, and it was found that there was a positive and significant correlation at the probability level 0.01 between the trends of the surveyed caraway farmers and each of the independent variables The following: exposure to the media, community participation, membership of organizations, opinion leadership, willingness to change, living satisfaction, and level of ambition. While that correlation was positive and significant at the probability level 0,05 with the variable of agricultural work, while that relationship was negative and significant at the probability level 0,01 with a variable Only one is the educational level, and the research results showed that there is no significant relationship between the dependent variable and each of the following independent variables: age, number of family members, agricultural land tenure, number of years of experience in growing medicinal and aromatic plants, and sources of agricultural information. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that There are only two independent variables that collectively affect the attitudes of caraway growers of the respondents towards cultivating medicinal and aromatic plants as a dependent variable, namely the level of ambition and community participation. It contributes to explaining 29.7% of the possible variance in the dependent variable 4- The research results indicated that the surveyed caraway growers face many problems related to the cultivation and marketing of the caraway crop, the most important of which are: the prevalence of nematodes and grass weeds 78%, the absence of agricultural extension 18.5%, the difficulty of obtaining fertilizers, 5.5%, and that the problems of marketing the caraway crop are The problem of low sales price 78,5%, lack of opportunities to contract with agencies to market the crop 50%, lack of sawmills 15%, absence of marketing guidance 13%, unavailability of packing packages 10%, and high transport costs 1.5% of the total number of farmers surveyed .

A continuous symmetry of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs) is a transformation that leaves invariant the solution manifold of the system, i.e, it maps (deforms) any solution of the system into a solution of the same system. This definition is topological in nature. However, in practice, the direct calculation of the continuous symmetries of a given system of PDEs restricts one to consider symmetries that are local transformations acting on its space of independent variables, dependent variables and their derivatives. Lie’s algorithm to determine Lie groups of point transformations (point symmetries) of differential equations was presented in Bluman & Anco (2002) [see also Ovsiannikov [(1962), (1982)]; Bluman & Cole (1974); Olver (1986); Bluman & Kumei (1989); Stephani (1989); Hydon (2000); Cantwell (2002)]. Point symmetries arise from solutions of linear systems of determining equations for components of infinitesimal generators for the independent and dependent variables of a given PDE system, where these components themselves depend only on the given PDE system’s independent and dependent variables. Point transformations acting on the space of the given independent and dependent variables of a given PDE system can be extended (prolonged) to point transformations acting on the space of the given independent variables, dependent variables, and their derivatives to any finite order.