Anatomic organization and physiology of the limbic cortex

1. Monkeys were trained to look to brief visual targets presented in a completely darkened room. On some trials, after the visual target disappeared but before a saccade to the target could be initiated, the eyes were driven to another position in the orbit by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus. Retinocentric models of the saccadic system predict that a saccade with a predetermined distance and direction based entirely on retinal error will occur. If this were the case, gaze would miss the target location by a distance and direction equal to the vector of the stimulation-induced movement. Spatial models assume that the retinal error signal will be combined with information about the change in eye position produced by stimulation and predict that the animal will look to the position of the target in space. 2. Results confirm the predictions of spatial models. Animals compensated for the stimulation-induced perturbation by looking to the position of the target in space. The result predicted by retinocentric models-a saccade with a direction and amplitude based on retinal error alone-was never observed. 3. The eye movement that compensated for the change in eye position produced by stimulation was a saccade, not a passive, lowvelocity movement to an orbital position of mechanical equilibrium established by a tonic pattern of motoneuron activation specified by the visual target. This indicates that a new saccade command, based on stored information about the location of the retinal image and information about the new position of the eyes, had been issued. Computation of the vector of the compensatory saccade does not necessarily increase the latency of target acquisition. The interval between the end of a stimulation-induced saccade and the beginning of the compensatory saccade was frequently 20 ms or less, permitting the animal to acquire the target with a normal latency.

Synaptic efficacy and EPSP summation in granule cells of rat fascia dentata studied in vitro.B L McNaughton, C A Barnes, and P AndersenB L McNaughton, C A Barnes, and P AndersenPublished Online:01 Nov 1981https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.5.952MoreSectionsPDF (2 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformationCited ByDeficient tonic GABAergic conductance and synaptic balance in the fragile X syndrome amygdalaBrandon S. Martin, Joshua G. Corbin, and Molly M. Huntsman15 August 2014 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 112, No. 4Differential Effects of Axon Initial Segment and Somatodendritic GABAA Receptors on Excitability Measures in Rat Dentate Granule NeuronsPatricio Rojas, Alejandro Akrouh, Lawrence N. Eisenman, and Steven Mennerick1 January 2011 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 105, No. 1Altered Dendritic Integration in Hippocampal Granule Cells of Spatial Learning-Impaired Aged RatsMichael Krause, Zhiyong Yang, Geeta Rao, Frank P. Houston, and C. A. Barnes1 June 2008 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 99, No. 6Miniature Transmitter Release: Accident of Nature or Careful Design?2 December 2003 | Science Signaling, Vol. 2003, No. 211Impact of aging on hippocampal function: plasticity, network dynamics, and cognitionProgress in Neurobiology, Vol. 69, No. 3Kindling enhances kainate receptor-mediated depression of GABAergic inhibition in rat granule cells23 September 2002 | European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 16, No. 5Contribution of NMDA receptor channels to the expression of LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrusHippocampus, Vol. 12, No. 5Kindling Induces Transient NMDA Receptor–Mediated Facilitation of High-Frequency Input in the Rat Dentate GyrusJoachim Behr, Uwe Heinemann, and Istvan Mody1 May 2001 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 85, No. 5Subcritical Elliptic Bursting of Bautin TypeSIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 60, No. 2Response Attenuation During Coincident Afferent Excitatory InputsNaoki Kogo, and Michael Ariel1 June 1999 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 81, No. 6Weakly Connected Quasi-periodic Oscillators, FM Interactions, and Multiplexing in the BrainSIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics, Vol. 59, No. 6Calibration of an autocorrelation-based method for determining amplitude histogram reliability and quantal size30 September 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 505, No. 2Quantifying the Role of Inhibition in Associative Long-Term Potentiation in Dentate Granule Cells With Computational ModelsWilliam R. Holmes, and William B. Levy1 July 1997 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 78, No. 1Spread of low Mg2+ induced epileptiform activity from the rat entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus after kindling studied in vitroNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 216, No. 1Normal aging: regionally specific changes in hippocampal synaptic transmissionTrends in Neurosciences, Vol. 17, No. 1GABAA- and GABAB-mediated inhibition in the rat dentate gyrus in vitroEpilepsy Research, Vol. 16, No. 2On the quantal analysis of hippocampal long-term potentiation and related phenomena of synaptic plasticityNeuroscience, Vol. 56, No. 2Measuring the impact of probabilistic transmission on neuronal outputNeuron, Vol. 10, No. 6Quantal analysis and synaptic efficacy in the CNSTrends in Neurosciences, Vol. 14, No. 10Failure to detect changes in AMPA receptor binding after long-term potentiationBrain Research, Vol. 560, No. 1-2Increase in perforant path quantal size in aged F-344 ratsNeurobiology of Aging, Vol. 12, No. 5Activation of the NMDA receptor: a correlate in the dentate gyrus field potential and its relationship to long-term potentiation and kindlingBrain Research, Vol. 556, No. 2What determines the capacity of autoassociative memories in the brain?9 July 2009 | Network: Computation in Neural Systems, Vol. 2, No. 4Effects of uniform and non-uniform synaptic ‘activation-distributions’ on the cable properties of modeled cortical pyramidal neuronsBrain Research, Vol. 505, No. 1Simultaneous recording of presynaptic spikes and excitatory postsynaptic potentials from monosynaptically connected hippocampal neuronsNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 103, No. 1Two-stage model of memory trace formation: A role for “noisy” brain statesNeuroscience, Vol. 31, No. 3Long-term potentiation: Persisting problems and recent resultsBrain Research Bulletin, Vol. 21, No. 3The development and decay of kindling-induced increases in paired-pulse depression in the dentate gyrusBrain Research, Vol. 412, No. 2Hippocampal synaptic enhancement and information storage within a distributed memory systemTrends in Neurosciences, Vol. 10, No. 10Non-linear summation at an identified synapse inAplysiaBrain Research, Vol. 386, No. 1-2Postsynaptic action of kynurenic acid in the rat dentate gyrusNeuroscience Letters, Vol. 66, No. 1Long-term potentiation as a candidate mnemonic deviceBrain Research Reviews, Vol. 7, No. 1Calcium in long-term potentiation as a model for memoryNeuroscience, Vol. 10, No. 4Functional anatomy of limbic seizures: Focal discharges from medial entorhinal cortex in ratBrain Research, Vol. 280, No. 1Non-Boltzmann dynamics in networks of spiking neuronsTheoretical foundations of pulse-coupled models More from this issue > Volume 46Issue 5November 1981Pages 952-66 https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1981.46.5.952PubMed7299453History Published online 1 November 1981 Published in print 1 November 1981 Metrics

With the exception of low‐frequency characteristic frequency (CF) units, the ipsilaterally evoked discharge of the majority of S‐segment cells can be inhibited with simultaneous stimulation of the contralateral ear. The contralateral inhibitory CF is usually identical to the ipsilateral excitatory CF. The width of the contralateral inhibitory tuning curve is similar to the width of the ipsilateral excitatory tuning curve. Partial inhibition of the ipsilaterally evoked discharge increases the interspike intervals and increases the variability of the discharge. Inhibition, like excitation, is tonically acting. The contralateral inhibitory input with equally intense tones (measured in terms of decibels above threshold) is either about as effective as the excitatory input or less effective, rarely more effective. The primary factor determining the spike output from S‐segment cells is not the absolute intensity level of the stimulus but rather the relative intensity difference of the stimulus at the two ears. [Work supported in part by National Institutes of Health, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.]

Reconstruction of population response to a vibratory stimulus in quickly adapting mechanoreceptive afferent fiber population innervating glabrous skin of the monkey.

IDENTIFICATION OF RELAY CELLS AND INTERNEURONS IN THE CUNEATE NUCLEUS.

RECEPTIVE FIELDS OF OPTIC TRACT AXONS AND LATERAL GENICULATE CELLS: PERIPHERAL EXTENT AND BARBITURATE SENSITIVITY.

ArticlesCONDITIONED REFLEXES ELICITED BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE BRAIN IN MACAQUESRobert W. DotyRobert W. DotyPublished Online:01 Jul 1965https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1965.28.4.623MoreSectionsPDF (3 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByLearning to Recognize Visual Objects With Microstimulation in Inferior Temporal CortexKeisuke Kawasaki, and David L. Sheinberg1 July 2008 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 100, No. 1Psychophysics of Electrical Stimulation of Striate Cortex in MacaquesJohn R. Bartlett✠, Edgar A. DeYoe, Robert W. Doty, Barry B. Lee, Jeffrey D. Lewine, Nubio Negrão, and William H. Overman1 November 2005 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 94, No. 5Laminar Variation in Threshold for Detection of Electrical Excitation of Striate Cortex by MacaquesEdgar A. DeYoe, Jeffrey D. Lewine, and Robert W. Doty1 November 2005 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 94, No. 5Visuotopic Mapping Through a Multichannel Stimulating Implant in Primate V1D. C. Bradley, P. R. Troyk, J. A. Berg, M. Bak, S. Cogan, R. Erickson, C. Kufta, M. Mascaro, D. McCreery, E. M. Schmidt, V. L. Towle, and H. Xu1 March 2005 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 93, No. 3Phosphene Induction and the Generation of Saccadic Eye Movements by Striate CortexE. J. Tehovnik, W. M. Slocum, C. E. Carvey, and P. H. Schiller1 January 2005 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 93, No. 1Behavioural state affects saccades elicited electrically from neocortexNeuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Vol. 28, No. 1Behavioural state affects saccadic eye movements evoked by microstimulation of striate cortexEuropean Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 18, No. 4Saccadic eye movements evoked by microstimulation of striate cortex13 February 2003 | European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 17, No. 4Perceptive properties of the multi-site electrical microstimulation of the olfactory bulb in the ratBehavioural Brain Research, Vol. 21, No. 1Excitation of visual cortex neurons by local intracortical microstimulationExperimental Neurology, Vol. 81, No. 2Intracortical microstimulation of neurons in the visual cortex of the catElectroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 52, No. 4Activation of single cells in cat visual cortex by electrical stimulation of the cortical surfaceExperimental Neurology, Vol. 70, No. 1Effects of unilateral lesions of auditory cortex on brain stem thresholds for electrical stimulationExperimental Neurology, Vol. 65, No. 3Relationship of the corpus callosum to visual areas I and II of the awake rabbitExperimental Neurology, Vol. 57, No. 2Discriminative control of behavior by electrical stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus: generalization to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)Brain Research, Vol. 86, No. 1Is frequency information extracted from electrical stimulation of the auditory system?Experimental Neurology, Vol. 43, No. 1Photically oriented conditioned reflexes elicited by electrical stimulation of the visual system in the catBrain Research, Vol. 51Increases in the cat's sensitivity to electrical brain stimulationPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 7, No. 5Behavioral measurement of electrical stimulation thresholds for medial geniculate nucleusExperimental Neurology, Vol. 31, No. 1Inferior collicular CS intensity effect on rabbit nictitating membrane conditioningPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 6, No. 4Effect of tetanization and enucleation upon excitability of visual pathways in squirrel monkeys and catsExperimental Neurology, Vol. 30, No. 3Stimulus generalization and transfer of training in rabbits conditioned to electrical stimulation of lateral geniculate nucleusPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 5, No. 8A safe and reliable method for temporary restraint of monkeysPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 4, No. 3A monkey chair for temporary restraint with minimal human contactPhysiology & Behavior, Vol. 4, No. 2Localization and habituation of sensory evoked DC responses in cat cortexExperimental Neurology, Vol. 15, No. 4 More from this issue > Volume 28Issue 4July 1965Pages 623-640 https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1965.28.4.623PubMed14347624History Published online 1 July 1965 Published in print 1 July 1965 Metrics

Glutamate (GLU) mediates its 'fast' excitatory transmitter action in the brain by directly gating cation-selective ion channels ('ionotropic' receptors). However, GLU can also activate another type of receptor, coupled to phospholipase C ('metabotropic' receptor). In hippocampal cells, stimulation of this metabotropic receptor by GLU, or by a racemic mixture of (1S-3R and 1R-3S) 1-aminocyclopentyl-1,3-dicarboxylate (ACPD), induces a slower excitation mediated by inhibition of K+ currents. We have assessed whether this slow form of metabotropic receptor excitation can contribute to the effects of synaptically released GLU in hippocampal slice cultures, by recording the responses of CA3 pyramidal cells to afferent mossy fibre stimulation. When the fast ionotropic response was blocked pharmacologically, mossy fibre stimulation produced a slow depolarizing postsynaptic potential associated with a decrease in membrane conductance, a depression of the slow after-hyperpolarization following a train of action potentials, and reduced accommodation during the action potential train. Under voltage-clamp, mossy fibre stimulation produced a slow voltage-dependent inward current which resembled that produced by application of exogenous ACPD or quisqualate (QUIS), and which was occluded by these metabotropic agonists. We therefore suggest that synaptically released GLU can induce two types of postsynaptic responses: a fast excitation through activation of ionotropic receptors and a slower excitation associated with inhibition of K+ conductances through activation of metabotropic receptors. This is analogous to the dual action of acetylcholine on ionotropic (nicotinic) and metabotropic (muscarinic) receptors.

Regional cerebral blood flow changes in cortex and basal ganglia during voluntary movements in normal human volunteers

NEURAL ACTIVITY IN MECHANORECEPTIVE CUTANEOUS AFFERENTS: STIMULUS-RESPONSE RELATIONS, WEBER FUNCTIONS, AND INFORMATION TRANSMISSION.

Control of thalamic transmission by corticofugal and ascending reticular pathways in the visual system.

ArticlesGeniculate input to cat visual cortex: a comparison of area 19 with areas 17 and 18B. Dreher, A. G. Leventhal, and P. T. HaleB. Dreher, A. G. Leventhal, and P. T. HalePublished Online:01 Oct 1980https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1980.44.4.804MoreSectionsPDF (4 MB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation Cited ByPhase sensitivities, excitatory summation fields, and silent suppressive receptive fields of single neurons in the parastriate cortex of the catPhillip A. Romo, Chun Wang, Natalie Zeater, Samuel G. Solomon, and Bogdan Dreher1 October 2011 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 106, No. 4Contrast Gain Control Is Drift-Rate Dependent: An Informational AnalysisM. A. Hietanen, N. A. Crowder, and M. R. Ibbotson1 February 2007 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 97, No. 2Relationship Between Contrast Adaptation and Orientation Tuning in V1 and V2 of Cat Visual CortexN. A. Crowder, N.S.C. Price, M. A. Hietanen, B. Dreher, C.W.G. Clifford, and M. R. Ibbotson1 January 2006 | Journal of Neurophysiology, Vol. 95, No. 1Area 21a of cat visual cortex strongly modulates neuronal activities in the superior colliculus16 July 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 550, No. 2Laminar differences in plasticity in area 17 following retinal lesions in kittens or adult cats18 June 2003 | European Journal of Neuroscience, Vol. 17, No. 11Phase-disparity coding in extrastriate area 19 of the cat22 July 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 545, No. 3Topographic reorganization in area 18 of adult cats following circumscribed monocular retinal lesions in adolescence22 July 2004 | The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 541, No. 2Convergence of Y and non-Y channels onto single neurons in the superior colliculi of the catNeuroreport, Vol. 12, No. 13The development of soma size changes in the C-laminae of the cat lateral geniculate nucleus following monocular deprivationDevelopmental Brain Research, Vol. 35, No. 2The role of gabaergic inhibition in the response properties of neurones in cat visual area 18Neuroscience, Vol. 17, No. 1Lack of binocular activation of cells in area 19 of the Siamese catBrain Research, Vol. 303, No. 2Effects of monocular deprivation upon the binocularity of cells in area 18 of cat visual cortexDevelopmental Brain Research, Vol. 8, No. 1Contribution of two movement detecting mechanisms to central and peripheral visionVision Research, Vol. 23, No. 2Principal components analysis of cells in cat visual cortexBrain Research, Vol. 251, No. 1Lack of binocularity in cells of area 19 of cat visual cortex following monocular deprivationBrain Research, Vol. 246, No. 2Functional properties of area 19 as compared to area 17 of the catBrain Research, Vol. 231, No. 2Receptive field structure of area 19 as compared to area 17 of the catBrain Research, Vol. 231, No. 2Parallel processing of information in the visual pathwaysTrends in Neurosciences, Vol. 5Optic nerve components may not be equally susceptible to damage by acrylamideBrain Research, Vol. 224, No. 2 More from this issue > Volume 44Issue 4October 1980Pages 804-826 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1980 the American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1980.44.4.804PubMed7431052History Published online 1 October 1980 Published in print 1 October 1980 Metrics

Sensory and motor responses of precentral cortex cells during comparable passive and active joint movements.

A family of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) has been elucidated by molecular cloning. To study the possible modulatory role of mGluRs in synaptic transmission, we tested the effect of a mGluR agonist, (+/-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD), on the excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCS) recorded from neurons in thin slices of rat visual cortex, by using the whole-cell patch-clamp method. We found that trans-ACPD markedly suppressed the evoked EPSCS without affecting the mean amplitude of spontaneous miniature EPSCS. This effect on the evoked EPSCS was blocked by a potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in a dose-dependent manner. We suggest that trans-ACPD presynaptically inhibits EPSCS by a mechanism involving the 4-AP-sensitive channels.

Central influences on spinal afferent conduction.