Android-based token authentication for securing the online transaction system

The paper proposes a novel chaos based audio steganography and cryptography method. It is a higher Least Significant Bit (LSB) layers algorithm in which the secret message is encrypted first by one-time pad algorithm. Two chaotic sequences of Piecewise Linear Chaotic Map (PWLCM) were used. In the encryption process, the key for one-time pad is generated by PWLCM chaotic map. In the steganography process, the second sequence of PWLCM is used to generate a random sequence. Then, indices of the ordered generated sequence were used to embed the encrypted message in randomly selected audio samples. The encrypted data were embedded on the higher layers other than the LSB using efficient bits adjustment algorithm, in order to increase the robustness against noise addition or MPEG compression. An analysis is discussed for the proposed scheme. For the steganography algorithm, the proposed scheme overcomes the main two problems for LSB coding, which are the low robustness of secret message extraction and destruction. For the former, the proposed method encrypts the secret message by perfect efficient algorithm which is the one-time pad. Regard of the second one, the secret message is hidden in higher layers which improve the robustness against signal processing manipulation. The main three steganography characteristics were tested and evaluated which are high capacity, perceptual transparency and robustness. Furthermore, the drawbacks of key generation and key distribution for one-time pad is sloved by using the chaotic maps. For the experimental results, waveform analysis and signal-to-noise Ratio are made, which show the high quality of the stego audio, and hence demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Online transaction has become daily routine in our life. All of us are using online transaction very frequently today, so to deal with related security issues like Authorization, data protection, confidentiality is very important. Every person who is doing online transaction, every organization and every government must have the ability to control over the operations of online transactions for securing the information. It is necessary to apply better security mechanism in online transaction for maintaining data integrity, privacy of data and confidentiality. Cryptography uses encryption and decryption process for protecting the data. There are many cryptographic algorithms which uses single key which is private or two keys called public key and private key. One can select the algorithm for transferring the data on the basis of higher security and efficiency criteria of the algorithm. This paper presents role of cryptography for different issues of security and also proposes a new cryptography based algorithm for better security of online transactions. The new algorithm is based on probabilistic cipher and since it uses single key so it is a symmetric encryption algorithm.

Imperceptibility and security are the two most important things in StegoCrypt techniques. In this paper, we have proposed the technique of inserting messages to the edge of the image using the Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm. The image edge area is selected because human vision can't detect small changes in this area. To provide double protection of messages, applied encryption using one-time pad (OTP) algorithm. To strengthen the encryption result, message encryption process is not done directly but by converting it into binary message first. This way can result in more verbalized message encryption, thereby minimizing the chance of messages being deciphered by unauthorized parties. From the experimental results of this paper obtained a better imperceptibility value, where the value is measured by PSNR and MSE. Histogram of original image and stego image also shows great similarity identical. Meanwhile, message extraction can also be done perfectly with the value of Correlation Coefficient (CC) is 1.

Electronic commerce is becoming increasingly common at international level and is the object of analysis by various fields and scientific disciplines. Guaranteeing the security of transactions is of fundamental importance if electronic commerce is to expand correctly. In this regard, legal protection for electronic commerce transactions is an area that is gaining in interest for scientific literature. The Spanish Information Society Services and Electronic commerce Act describes various aspects that need to be further developed in this field. This document analyses the new contractual forms arising from the “Information Society” and the legal issues associated to the latter, as well as the Spanish legal system for providing legal protection to consumers in electronic contracts. Key words: Electronic commerce, legal protection, consumers.

Electronic markets have grown substantially, and they are considered an effective form of retail in recent years. Despite such growth, lack of physical transactions between different parties, as well as users' concerns about their privacy and security of transactions in electronic commerce (e-commerce) platforms have jeopardized users' trust. Thus, trust as a key issue for reducing consumers' perceived risk and the successful promotion of e-commerce has motivated many researchers to study it. This paper created a comprehensive and up-to-date framework that synthesized the previous studies in the literature conducted on trust in e-commerce environments. A systematic literature review method was selected to achieve this aim. The initial search in 17 top-ranked information systems journals and conferences resulted in 129 papers that met the inclusion criteria. Then these studies underwent an in-depth examination to determine how trust had been conceptualized in e-commerce environments. Further, the theoretical bases in relation to trust in e-commerce contexts used in the literature were investigated. The study concludes with implications for practice and a critical agenda for future research.

Technology is developing so rapidly should be used by businesses. Appropriate us of technology can improve the performance of the company. Business process is lengthy, complicated and takes a long time to become more efficient and help reduce costs. E-commerce is one of the technologies that should be implemented in the company. E-commerce is the answer to the demands of globalization. Growth of Internet users is growing rapidly should be the reason why the company should try to implement e-commerce. Although it is the development of e-commerce users have not been so impressive compared to the growth of internet users. The phenomenon of ecommerce can’t be understood and well-supported, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Consumers do not have confidence in the security of transactions, products shown similarities with reality, to the consumer who does not have the ability to do so. Application of e-commerce will be able to increase the competitive advantage of the company. Implementation of e-commerce requires a careful strategy that has been decided by the management of the company, including preparing the resources and technology tools capable human resources in the field of information technology, building information systems for managing the company's operations. Mechanisms and transaction services are fast and short with good security. Establish good cooperation with suppliers and distributors. If all of the above can be done well will be able to increase the competitive advantage of the company.

On-line trading or Internet Commerce restoring to E-Commerce systems are gradually replacing the traditional commerce activities. Internet users must have reasonable faith on the underlying systems before comfortably using it, To convince users to confidently enjoy the benefits that Internet and E-commerce systems can bring, an E-commerce system needs to be trustful and convincing to the users. In the paper, we proposed a computational model on which the E-commerce system can be developed, and the trust level will be introduced and assessed based on users attitudes, opinions and motivations, and provide some insight for the customers of Internet commerce. The model has two features: to assess the trust level of existing E-commerce systems, and to recommend the E-Retailers how to improve the trust level. Based on the model, a prototype system of assessing trust level of E-commerce system has been designed. Online based e-EI system has demonstrated the computational model is feasible and the implemented system is efficient and reliable. It is of significance in recommending the E-retailers to improve the trust level of their E-commerce systems.

Blockchain is a digital, decentralized ledger system that enables secure and transparent online transactions. It is an innovative technology that can enhance security and streamline online transactions benefiting both businesses and users. Blockchain technology has a notable feature in that it ensures the security and protection of transactions done online. They do so using cryptography, which allows information to be encrypted and prevents it from being altered. Every transaction is recorded in a block that is then linked to the previous one, resulting in an unchangeable chain of blocks. Decentralization is yet another gift from blockchain technology. Blockchain transactions are based on the idea of trust built into the network or community, rather than in a central authority (a bank, government) as with traditional online transactions. In addition, blockchain technology permits a higher rate of transparency and accountability in real-time online transactions. Every transaction is available to everyone, and it is in the blockchain each placed with all transactions. Increased transparency means more trust and less fraud which improves ethics in businesses.

In maintaining a system security, it is very important to pay attention to that, namely an authentication process. This process is carried out in order to ensure that users who access data or information are users who have the right and authority. In authentication, there are several methods, one of which is using data encryption techniques, namely cryptography. Cryptography is implemented in data and information by coding or hiding the original data so that only certain parts have a key that can access the data or information. This research will apply the One Time Pad (OTP) Algorithm based on android which includes data encryption and decryption which will be designed using Android Studio to carry out encryption of stored data or information. The data will be in the form of ciphertext so that the user gets an access key for the data or information. In making this application, it is hoped that it will be useful in maintaining data security and confidentiality.

The advent of the Internet continues to open new frontiers in digital marketing. One visible impact of the Internet in marketing has been the growing increase in online transactions which profits marketers and seemingly satisfies customers. However, in developing countries, the potential of online shopping has not been fully explored, and in some cases, are just non-existent. Lack of online infrastructure has often been attributed to the slower growth in online transactions in Africa, however, the customers’ preparedness and inclination to use the service is ignored. .Against this backdrop, this study seeks to analyze consumers’ propensity to engage in online transactions with a focus on demographic attributes such as age, gender and education. Using customers in Ghana as a case study, key reasons as well as the demographics that fancy online transactions are revealed. The results indicate that delivery problems, poor internet connection, privacy and security issues are some of the reasons preventing customers to shop online

Today, the understanding and the respect of electronic commerce law on the Internet is a need for corporations. A need that must be taken into account from the electronic commerce site design and organization in order to respect the law and to insure the security of transaction as the quality of customer relationship.

In this paper, we analyze notarial requirements in the electronic commerce based on the Internet and design the notarial system to support secure transactions, which provides the notarial service for assurance of transactions between customer and merchant running shopping mall connected to the Internet. We suggest that electronic commerce should offer not only authentication service but also notarial service in order to provide secure transactions over the Internet.

The advancement of information technology has driven digital transformation in various sectors, including Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), which are vital to Indonesia's economy. However, local MSMEs still face challenges in online transactions, especially related to data security and low consumer trust. Issues like data manipulation, lack of transparency, and weak security systems hinder optimal digitalization. This study implements the SHA-256 cryptographic algorithm in a blockchain system to enhance security and trust in local MSMEs' online transactions. SHA-256 is chosen for its ability to produce unique, permanent, and tamper-resistant hashes. The system adopts a decentralized blockchain model, where transactions are recorded in encrypted, chronologically linked blocks. The testing results show that the SHA-256-based blockchain system functions effectively in maintaining data integrity and preventing manipulation. Black Box Testing confirmed that the system operates correctly from the user's perspective, including login validation, transaction recording, manipulation detection, and transaction history retrieval. White Box Testing validated the internal logic of the system, proving the correct implementation of SHA-256 hashing, block linking, Proof of Work (PoW), and transaction validation mechanisms. All test cases passed successfully, demonstrating that the system is stable, functional, and secure.

This research aims to analyze the financial behavior of Indonesian citizens in online shopping with a focus on average spending and the factors that influence it. The research method used is secondary data analysis from the 2023 Internet Penetration and Behavior Survey report presented by the Indonesian Internet Service Providers Association (APJII). The findings of this research indicate that the majority of respondents (77.02%) spent less than IDR 500 thousand in online transactions, while factors such as consumer preferences, transaction security, the influence of digital advertising, and the availability of payment methods also influence online shopping behavior. The research conclusion shows that even though online transactions are growing, there are still several consumers who are not actively using e-commerce services. Therefore, strategic recommendations involve e-commerce business players, payment service providers, and the government to increase e-commerce penetration, improve transaction security, and optimize digital marketing to expand the consumer base.

In Electronic Commerce (EC) environment, the quality of business information directly affects the level of enterprise operations. This paper analyzes the common methods of business information retrieval in EC environment, and designs a software system which can automatically collect business information in Internet and extract business information required by enterprise from database directly. The system adopts meta-search engine to expand search scale, and applies information retrieval, web mining and agent technology to analyze and filter the business information, in order to improve the search quality of business information.