Angular Momentum

This concise and accessible book provides a detailed introduction to the fundamental principles of atomic physics at an undergraduate level. Concepts are explained in an intuitive way and the book assumes only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. With a compact format specifically designed for students, the first part of the book covers the key principles of the subject, including the quantum theory of the hydrogen atom, radiative transitions, the shell model of multi-electron atoms, spin-orbit coupling, and the effects of external fields. The second part provides an introduction to the four key applications of atomic physics: lasers, cold atoms, solid-state spectroscopy and astrophysics. This highly pedagogical text includes worked examples and end of chapter problems to allow students to test their knowledge, as well as numerous diagrams of key concepts, making it perfect for undergraduate students looking for a succinct primer on the concepts and applications of atomic physics.

This concise and accessible book provides a detailed introduction to the fundamental principles of atomic physics at an undergraduate level. Concepts are explained in an intuitive way and the book assumes only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism. With a compact format specifically designed for students, the first part of the book covers the key principles of the subject, including the quantum theory of the hydrogen atom, radiative transitions, the shell model of multi-electron atoms, spin-orbit coupling, and the effects of external fields. The second part provides an introduction to the four key applications of atomic physics: lasers, cold atoms, solid-state spectroscopy and astrophysics. This highly pedagogical text includes worked examples and end of chapter problems to allow students to test their knowledge, as well as numerous diagrams of key concepts, making it perfect for undergraduate students looking for a succinct primer on the concepts and applications of atomic physics.

10. Electric Arcs

Effects of external fields, dimension and pressure on the electromagnetically induced transparency of quantum dots

We study the formation of stable heteronuclear tetramers from ultracold atoms via two different paths by generalized Raman adiabatic passage. The dynamical instability and adiabaticity of the dark state are investigated. The regions for the appearance of dynamical instability are analytically obtained and the adiabatic evolution is studied by adiabatic fidelity. Moreover, the effects of the external field parameters on the conversion efficiency are investigated, and a comparison is also drawn between the two different paths.

Effects of spin–orbit interaction on the electronic structure of mono-layer quantum wires

An essentially new design and new technology are proposed for making solar cells (SC) that combine the advantages of SC with horizontal and vertical p-n junctions. The development and study of hybrid solar batteries make it possible to significantly expand their range of practical uses in solar power generation, especially in space-borne or ground-mounted concentrator systems, laser-based power transmission systems, high-voltage electrical supply systems employed in medicine, and applications in nuclear physics, photometry, and other areas.

High precision automatic energy scanning of slit stabilized electrostatic accelerators

Isolated multi-MeV $\gamma$ -rays with attosecond duration, high collimation and beam angular momentum (BAM) may find many interesting applications in nuclear physics, astrophysics, etc. Here, we propose a scheme to generate such $\gamma$ -rays via nonlinear Thomson scattering of a rotating relativistic electron sheet driven by a few-cycle twisted laser pulse interacting with a micro-droplet target. Our model clarifies the laser intensity threshold and carrier-envelope phase effect on the generation of the isolated electron sheet. Three-dimensional numerical simulations demonstrate the $\gamma$ -ray emission with 320 attoseconds duration and peak brilliance of $9.3\times 10^{24}$ photons s ${}^{-1}$ mrad ${}^{-2}$ mm ${}^{-2}$ per 0.1 $\%$ bandwidth at 4.3 MeV. The $\gamma$ -ray beam carries a large BAM of $2.8 \times 10^{16}\mathrm{\hslash}$ , which arises from the efficient BAM transfer from the rotating electron sheet, subsequently leading to a unique angular distribution. This work should promote the experimental investigation of nonlinear Thomson scattering of rotating electron sheets in large laser facilities.

We present a framework to simulate the dynamics of hard probes such as heavy quarks or jets in a hot, strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP) on a quantum computer. Hard probes in the QGP can be treated as open quantum systems governed in the Markovian limit by the Lindblad equation. However, due to large computational costs, most current phenomenological calculations of hard probes evolving in the QGP use semiclassical approximations of the quantum evolution. Quantum computation can mitigate these costs and offers the potential for a fully quantum treatment with exponential speed-up over classical techniques. We report a simplified demonstration of our framework on IBM Q quantum devices and apply the random identity insertion method to account for cnot depolarization noise, in addition to measurement error mitigation. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of simulating open quantum systems on current and near-term quantum devices, which is of broad relevance to applications in nuclear physics, quantum information, and other fields.

Extensions of the Dyson mapping for products of any numbers of fermion and boson operators are suggested. Their general importance in obtaining the relationship between particle and subparticle quantum models and in particular between particle and subparticle nuclear models is discussed. An application in nuclear physics is demonstrated by introducing an interacting spinor model of the nucleus using a new type of supersymmetry and by showing its ability to unify and derive dynamic symmetry nuclear models. Another application is demonstrated by suggesting a quark nuclear-plasma model and by showing that it is possible to give a foundation for such system models, including the transition from quark condensate into nucleons (nucleus) in one limit and quark chaotic behaviour (plasma) in another.

High-energy vortex γ photons have significant applications in many fields. However, their generation and angular momentum manipulation are still great challenges. Here, we first investigated the generation of vortex γ photons with controllable spin and orbital angular momenta via nonlinear Compton scattering of two-color counter-rotating circularly polarized (CP) laser fields. The radiation probabilities of vortex photons are calculated using the semiclassical approach that resolves angular momenta of emitted photons. We find that the angular momenta transferred to emitted photons are determined by the dominating photon absorption channel, leading to a structured spectrum with alternations in helicity and twist directions. By tuning the relative intensity ratio of the two-color CP laser fields, the polarization and vortex charge of the emitted γ photons can be controlled, enabling the generation of CP vortex γ photons with a user-defined polarization and topological charge, which may have multiple applications in nuclear physics, astrophysics, particle physics, etc.

Random pulse generator with a uniformly distributed amplitude spectrum

Present nuclear detection techniques prevents us from determining if the analogue of a Rydberg molecule exists for the nuclear case. But nothing in nature disallows their existence. As in the atomic case, Rydberg nuclear molecules would be a laboratory for new aspects and applications of nuclear physics. We propose that Rydberg nuclear molecules, which represent the exotic, halo nuclei version, such as Be11+11Be, of the well known quasimolecules observed in stable nuclei such as C12+12C, might be common structures that could manifest their existence along the dripline. A study of possible candidates and the expected structure of such exotic clustering of two halo nuclei: the Rydberg nuclear molecules, is made on the basis of three different methods. It is shown that such cluster structures might be stable and unexpectedly common.

A brief review of the history of many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) and its applications in nuclear physics is given. Problems regarding its application to nuclear-structure calculations are discussed and analysed. It is concluded that the usefulness of nuclear MBPT in terms of an expansion in the nuclear reaction matrix G for the calculation of effective interactions in shell-model investigations is severely challenged and restricted by the problems and uncertainties connected with this approach. New methods based on unitary transformation approaches have proven to be more accurate and reliable, particularly for light nuclei.