AppChainer: investigating the chainability among payloads in android applications

In this study, a wireless data acquisition system was developed for wireless water flow monitoring (WWFM) in a closed channel pipeline system using android Smartphone. ATMEGA 328 single chip microcontroller (Arduino Uno Prototyping Platform) with a Bluetooth module, Near Field Communication — NFC tag, Smartphone with NFC reader, and G1-½ water flow sensor are applied in this design. The frequency input to the microcontroller was the pulse train which transferred from the G1-½ hall-effect water flow sensor. Then, the data from the microcontroller was transferred to an Android Smartphone using Bluetooth wireless serial communication. In addition, the NFC-tag is used as water flow sensor identification and location. Android Application was designed based on App Inventor for Android (AIA) which MIT platform. As the result, sensor ID based on NFC tag and flow rate of water using Android application on Smartphone was showed by the system. According to the experimental test, the flow monitoring ran well and displayed real-time of flow water in the closed channel pipeline system. The accuracy of wireless water flow measurement is 99.98%.

Sockets are electrical equipment that has been used to connect and disconnect electricity from a power source to electrical equipment. Rapid technological developments encourage people to create a reliable and easy-to-operate socket. So far, the operation of the socket is done manually by pressing the socket. The very rapid development of technology has encouraged people to create electrical plugs with greater capabilities and ease of use. Therefore, designed an electrical plug that can be controlled by an android smartphone. For operation through the android application, sensors are needed that can be used to detect all the parameters needed in the use of sockets, there are several sensors used, namely current sensors, voltage sensors, and bluetooth. This sensor is connected to the Arduino UNO. By using the android application, we no longer need to walk to the location of the socket, simply by giving an order via android then the task of the socket can be carried out.

Recently, smartphone technologies have evolved quickly and offered end users the computing power and networking capabilities required to perform useful network and multimedia applications. However, due to limited physical sizes and battery capacities, the current generation of smartphones cannot yet fulfill the requirements of sophisticated applications of which personal computers are capable. One way to solve this problem is to minimize the workload on a smartphone as much as possible by offloading portions of an application to a server. The solution is particularly attractive today as cloud computing provides the needed server resources at relatively low costs. This paper proposes a novel, lightweight application migration mechanism for the users of smartphones to suspend the execution of applications and offload them to the cloud. The authors also developed a framework to perform Android applications efficiently with virtual phones in the cloud with a virtual storage. This paper discusses the migration mechanism and evaluates its effectiveness on the Android smartphone. This approach may effectively offload workload for Android applications even with low-speed mobile network.

University students are heavy users of both the internet and android smartphones. This study suggests that android devices could also be used in education, as a tool to deliver learning or supervise learning. Currently, learning supervision is limited to escorting values that are uploaded daily. The purpose of developing a new android application is to optimize students’ academic achievement. The device focuses on recording the scores of quizzes, examinations, and assignments given by the piano lecturer and chair of the work group on the piano class. This study used a modified Research and Development method from Borg & Gall with 10 steps. The steps followed were: research and information collecting; planning; developing a preliminary form of product; preliminary field testing; main product revision; main field testing; operational product revision; operational field testing; final product revision; dissemination and implementation. The first scores were 65.25% from the IT validator, 70.50% from the media validator, and 75.25% from the material validator. The mean values in the small group trials were 70.50 and 78.25 in the large group trials. The final scores from validation were 92.50% form the IT validation, 77.25% from the media validator, and 84.75% from the material validator. There are three applications that must be developed based on the results of this research. These three applications are: main teacher applications; peer tutoring applications; and student applications. Each application must be connected and updated in real-time.
 Keywords: android application, online supervision, learning supervision, academic scores, student strategies

This paper describes the development of a smart wheelchair system with voice recognition and touch controlled using an embedded system. An android application is developed and installed on the android smartphone. The system is divided into two main modes: voice recognition mode and touch mode. For the voice recognition mode, elderlies or physically disabled people (users) can provide the voice input, for example, “go”, “reverse”, “turn to the left”, “turn to the right” and “stop”. The wheelchair will move according to the command given. For the touch mode, the user can select the specified direction displayed within the four quadrants on the screen of the android smartphone to control the wheelchair. An Arduino Uno is used to execute all commands. The MD30C motor driver and HC05 Bluetooth module are used in this system. This system is designed to save time and energy of the user.

Users increasingly rely on mobile applications for computational needs. Google Android is a popular mobile platform, hence the correctness of Android applications is becoming increasingly important. Many Android correctness issues, however, fall outside the scope of traditional verification techniques, as they are due to the novelty of the platform and its activity- and event-oriented application construction paradigm. In this paper we present an approach for verifying Android applications with a focus on GUI bugs. We present techniques for detecting GUI bugs by automatic generation of test cases, feeding the application random events, instrumenting the VM, producing log/trace files and analyzing them post-run. These techniques have helped re-discover existing bugs and finding new bugs in Android applications.

Android system has become a target for malware developers due to its huge market globally in recent years. The emergence of 5G in the market and limited protocols post a great challenge to the security in Android. Hence, various techniques have been taken by researchers to ensure high security in Android devices. There are three types of analysis namely static, dynamic and hybrid analysis used to detect and analyze the malicious application in Android. Due to evolving nature of the malware, it is very challenging for the existing techniques to detect and analyze it efficiently and accurately. This paper proposed a Dynamic Analysis Technique in Android Malware detection called DATDroid. The proposed technique consists of three phases, which includes feature extraction, feature selection and classification phases. A total of five features namely system call, errors and time of system call process, CPU usage, memory and network packets are extracted. During the classification 70% of the dataset was allocated for training phase and 30% for testing phase using machine learning algorithm. Our experimental results achieved an overall accuracy of 91.7% with lower false positive rates as compared to benchmarked method. DATDroid also achieved higher precision and recall rate of 93.1% and 90.0%, respectively. Hence our proposed technique has proven to be able to classify malware more accurately and reduce misclassification of malware application as benign significantly.

While providing significant convenience for people, mobile applications (Apps) bring serious privacy leakage and invasion threats over certain platforms (e.g., Android) due to privacy violations. To protect users from these threats, a lot of works related to privacy violation detection have been proposed. However, few of them particularly check the violations, including lacking privacy policy, collecting privacy before statement, lacking account cancelation service, and stubborn permission request. Toward this end, we design an automatic detection tool named <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PVDetector</i> to detect these violations in Android Apps. We extract and construct relevant threat forms by statically and dynamically analyzing Apps' behaviors, and then fine tune these forms through threat-form-matching methods on problematic Apps. Finally, a comprehensive experiment is conducted to detect privacy violations on different Android application markets by <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PVDetector</i> . Specifically, we detect 16 162 Android Apps (involving people's various aspects of life) collected from six popular official application markets and three special categories. The experiment results indicate that the situation that Apps contain privacy violations is greatly serious in these markets and categories. We also randomly check the experiment results of 385 Apps. The check results illustrate that the detection accuracy of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PVDetector</i> can reach 93%.

With the development of mobile technology is not only used as a telephone and sms only, but also can be used as a device to control a robot, as well as Android smartphones are already embedded computer features. Robot technology so can be controlled remotely and the desired user. Robot technology is also one that is able to assist the work of humans, such as the draining of human work, as well as having a high risk. Robot function which was made to minimize the risk associated with large heavy physical tasks, positioning an object, and to move goods from one place to another. Therefore designed a robot movers using a servo motor output arm movement, microcontroller as the brain, Bluetooth as a communication medium to send a data or input from the Android application that acts as a device for controlling a robot remotely.

As Smartphone is getting more potent, can do more superior stuffs that previous required a computer. For employing the high processing power of Smartphone is mobile computer vision, the ability for a device to capture; process; analyze; understanding of images. For mobile computer vision, Smartphone must be faster and real time. In this study two applications have been developed on Android platform using OpenCV and core library called as CamTest with own implemented algorithms. Efficiency of two Android applications have been compared and found that OpenCV performs faster than CamTest. The results of examining the best object detection algorithm with reverence to efficiency shows that FAST algorithm has the finest blend of speed and object detection performance. Next projected object recognition system using FAST algorithm, which uses SVM, BPNN for training and validation of object in real time. The application detects the object perfectly with recognition time around 2 ms using SVM and 1 ms using BPNN.

This study aims to monitor parameters such as chamber temperature, skin temperature, humidity, and noise from the incubator to prevent temperatures that are too hot, humidity that is too high or too low, and high noise levels that can damage baby&#x0027;s hearing by utilizing the internet system, so that with this tool medical personnel can monitor parameters on android smartphones. This study uses the ESP32 as the mainboard, the Ds18b20 sensor as the skin sensor, the SHT11 sensor as the chamber temperature and humidity sensor, and the analog sound level meter as the noise sensor of the device. From the test results, the largest error at chamber temperature is 0.97&#x0025; at 36&#x00B0;C setting. In the noise test results, the largest error is 0.73 &#x0025; at setting 55 dB. In testing the skin temperature on the incubator, a value that is close to linear is obtained where when the chamber temperature setting on the tool is increased, the value of the skin temperature on the incubator and tool will also increase. On the results of the humidity test at the setting of 32-37&#x00B0;C, the humidity value of the instrument and calibrator is 68-70&#x0025;. In the data transmission test, the device can be monitored remotely on the android application as long as the device and smartphone are connected to the internet.

Falling is a human movement that can cause injury, either minor injury or serious injury can even cause someone's death. Age is one of the causes of a person's decline in movement. When elderly people experience falls, they experience not only physical but also psychological disorders such as loss of self-esteem and feelings of fear of walking to avoid the danger of falling. if emergency treatment arrives too late, a fall injury can result in disability, paralysis, and even death. The objectives are to develop tools and applications that can detect the fall of a person. The Method uses wearable fall detection with a simple belt design that implements a threshold-based detection algorithm that uses accelerometer and gyroscope sensors and can also be monitored through an application installed on an Android smartphone. The Results of the data that has been tested can be obtained with an accuracy value of 85%, a sensitivity value of 77%, and a specificity value of 100%. This device is very promising and being developed at the Sukabumi nursing home. The injuries suffered by falling victims will be slightly minimized because when someone falls it will be detected by the surrounding family so that the victim will be evacuated immediately.

In general, medical equipment at the Hospital to monitor body temperature such as a thermometer is less effective for nurses and doctors because it takes time to come to the patient’s room to retrieve body temperature data. Then, when the patient’s condition suddenly worsens, it still takes time for the treatment process. Therefore, the authors intend to make a tool that can help nurses monitor the patient’s body temperature through an Android smartphone in real time and equipped with telemedicine that can send notifications in the form of SMS when the patient’s body temperature is outside the normal limit. The working principle of this tool is that the body temperature data received by the DS18B20 sensor that will be processed by the Atmega328 microcontroller, then displayed on the OLED LCD and sent to an Android smartphone via Bluetooth HC-05. If body temperature data is outside the normal range, the Android application will send an SMS to another recipient’s smartphone. Based on the results of the tool testing, the highest data error results is 0.829% and the lowest is 0%. For the process of sending data using Bluetooth HC-05 by taking measurements every 1 meter, the maximum distance obtained is 13 meters with a hitch. In the application of telemedicine in the form of automatic SMS sending successfully sends body temperature to other recipient’s cellphone.

Water is a basic human need in daily life. The use of water is used for various household needs for example for consumption, bathing, washing and so on. At present there are still many people who use water pumps to fill water reservoirs at home or in office buildings that are filled manually, so that problems often occur such as the level of water in the reservoir where water is unknown, it is possible that the situation of reservoirs can occur overflow or empty. Utilizing technology in this research will create a tool used to control the water level in the reservoir, which is "Microcontroller-Based Water Level Control System and Android HMI" which is an alternative in controlling and monitoring the water level in a reservoir automatically using an Android Smartphone. This tool is used to control and monitor water reservoirs automatically via Android HMI so that it can be controlled remotely. This tool is designed using a NodeMCU ESP8266 Microcontroller, a relay module that functions to turn on and turn off the pump, and one sensor, the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor which functions to measure the water level in the reservoir. And the android application used is Cayenne. The test result data is shown in the cayenne application in the form of setting the water height setpoint, the ON / OFF pump indicator and the height value in units of percent (%) and centimeter (cm).

Electrocardiographic (ECG) equipment plays a vital role for diagnosis of cardiac disease. However, the cost of this equipment is huge and the operation is too much complex which cannot offer better services to a large population in developing countries like Bangladesh. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a low cost portable single channel ECG monitoring system using smartphone having android operating system and Arduino. This manuscript also demonstrates the use of Android smartphone for processing and visualizing ECG signal. Our designed system is battery powered and it gives wireless feature. This system can also be used with desktop computer or laptop having either Windows, Linux or Mac OS. For this purpose a software is developed. An Android application is developed using Processing IDE, which requires Android version 2.3 and API level of 10. This application does not need USB host API. For this reason, around 98% Android smartphone in the market can be used for this system.