Application Effectiveness Evaluation of Core Competency-Based Teaching Model in Obstetrics Nursing Education

Objective To investigate the influence of alprostadil on renal function, oxidative stress, and immune function in early diabetic nephropathy patients. Methods Eighty-six cases of early diabetic nephropathy patients in our hospital during April 2013 to January 2016 were chosen as research subjects, all patients were divided into observation (n=43) and control (n=43) groups according to random data form. Patients in observation group received alprostadil combined with pioglitazone treatment and those in control group received pioglitazone treatment only, both lasted for one month. Before treatment, one month after treatment, renal function indices were detected; serum oxidative stress indices were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer; T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Results Before treatment, there were no significant differences in renal function, oxidative stress, immune function between two groups (P>0.05). One month after treatment, peripheral blood renal function indices such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and cystatin C (CysC) levels were lower in observation group than in control group, the level of serum albumin (Alb) was higher in observation group than in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); serum oxidation indices malondialdehyde (MDA), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were lo-wer in observation group than in control group, human antioxidant indices such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were higher in observation group than in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); peripheral blood CD3+ , CD4+ T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ were higher in observation group than in control group, CD8+ T lymphocyte level was lower in observation group than in control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Alprostadil can optimize the renal function and immune function in early diabetic nephropathy patients, reduce the degree of oxidative stress. Key words: Alprostadil; Diabetic nephropathies; Kidney; Oxidative stress; Immunity

BackgroundThe bone holes in the skull during surgical drainage were accurately located at the site of the MMA. The MMA was severed, and the hematoma was removed intraoperatively; furthermore, surgical drainage removed the pathogenic factors of CSDH. This study aimed to describe and compare the results of the new treatment with those of traditional surgical drainage, and to investigate the relevance of this approach.MethodsFrom December 2021 to June 2023, 72 patients were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group. The control group was treated with traditional surgical drainage, while the observation group was treated with DSA imaging to accurately locate the bone holes drilled in the skull on the MMA trunk before traditional surgical drainage. The MMA trunk was severed during the surgical drainage of the hematoma. The recurrence rate, time of indwelling drainage tube, complications, mRS, and other indicators of the two groups were compared, and the changes of cytokine components and imaging characteristics of the patients were collected and analyzed.ResultsOverall, 27 patients with 29-side hematoma in the observation group and 45 patients with 48-side hematoma in the control group were included in the study. The recurrence rate was 0/29 in the observation group and 4/48 in the control group, indicating that the recurrence rate in the observation group was lower than in the control group (P = .048). The mean indwelling time of the drainage tube in the observation group was 2.04 ± 0.61 days, and that in the control group was 2.48 ± 0.61 days. The indwelling time of the drainage tube in the observation group was shorter than in the control group (P = .003). No surgical complications were observed in the observation group or the control group. The differences in mRS scores before and after operation between the observation group and the control group were statistically significant (P < .001). The concentrations of cytokine IL6/IL8/IL10/VEGF in the hematoma fluid of the observation and control groups were significantly higher than those in venous blood (P < .001). After intraoperative irrigation and drainage, the concentrations of cytokines (IL6/IL8/IL10/VEGF) in the subdural hematoma fluid were significantly lower than they were preoperatively. In the observation group, the number of MMA on the hematoma side (11/29) before STA development was higher than that on the non-hematoma side (1/25), and the difference was statistically significant (P = .003).ConclusionIn patients with CSDH, accurately locating the MMA during surgical trepanation and drainage, severing the MMA during drainage, and properly draining the hematoma, can reduce the recurrence rate and retention time of drainage tubes, thereby significantly improving the postoperative mRS Score without increasing surgical complications.

Objective: To compare the effects of the China Children's Asthma Action Plan (CCAAP)-based remote joint management model with traditional management model on the control of childhood asthma. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the general data and asthma control assessment data of 219 children with asthma who attended the respiratory department of Guangzhou Women's and Children's Medical Center from April 2021 to October 2021 and were followed up for 1 year or more. According to the follow-up management model, the CCAAP-based remote joint management model was used in the observation group and the traditional management model was used in the control group, and the propensity score matching method was applied to match the data of children in the two management models for comparison. Paired-samples t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNemar χ2-test or χ2-test or nonparametric tests were used to compare the general data and asthma control assessment data between the two matched groups of children. Results: Among 219 children with asthma, 145 were male and 74 were female, aged at consultation (7.2±2.4) years. There were 147 cases in the observation group and 72 cases in the control group, and 27 cases in each of the observation and control groups were successfully matched. The number of asthma exacerbation aura, acute exacerbations, and emergency room visits or hospitalizations for asthma exacerbations were lower in the observation group than in the control group after pairing (1 (0, 2) vs. 3 (1, 5) times, 0 (0,0) vs. 0 (0, 1) times, 0 (0,0) vs. 1 (0, 1) times, Z=-3.42, -2.58, -3.17, all P<0.05). The use of peak flowmeters was higher in children aged 5 years and older in the observation group than in the control group after pairing (100% (22/22) vs. 13% (3/23), χ2=54.00,P<0.001). The ratio of actual to predicted 1st second expiratory volume of force after follow-up in the observation group after pairing was higher than that before follow-up in the observation group and after follow-up in the control group ((95±11)% vs. (85±10)%, (95±11)% vs. (88±11)%, t=-3.40, 2.25, all P<0.05). The rate of complete asthma control after follow-up was higher in both the observation and control groups after pairing than before follow-up for 12 months in both groups (93% (25/27) vs. 41% (11/27), 52% (14/27) vs. 41% (11/27), H=56.19, 45.37, both P<0.001), and the rate of complete control of asthma in children in the observation group was higher than that in the control group at 3 and 12 months of follow-up management (56% (15/27) vs. 25% (5/20), 93% (25/27) vs. 52% (14/27), χ2=47.00, 54.00, both P<0.001). The number of offline follow-up visits, inhaled hormone medication adherence scores, and caregiver's asthma perception questionnaire scores were higher in the observation group than in the control group after pairing (6 (4, 8) vs. 4 (2,5), (4.8±0.3) vs. (4.0±0.6) score, (19.3±2.6) vs. (15.2±2.7) score, Z=6.58, t=6.57, 5.61, all P<0.05), and the children in the observation group had lower school absences, caregiver absences, asthma attack visit costs, and caregiver PTSD scores than the control group (0 (0,0) vs.3 (0, 15) d, 0 (0,0) vs. 3 (0, 10) d, 1 100 (0, 3 700) vs. 5 000 (1 000, 10 000) yuan, 1.3 (1.1, 1.9) vs. 2.0 (1.2, 2.7) score, Z=-2.89, -2.30, 2.74, 2.73, all P<0.05). Conclusion: The CCAAP-based joint management model of asthma control is superior to the traditional management model in the following aspects: it can effectively improve asthma control, self-monitoring, and lung function in children; it can improve treatment adherence and caregivers' asthma awareness; and it can reduce the duration of absenteeism from school, the cost of asthma exacerbation visits, and caregiver's negative psychology.

Objective To explore the effects of the flipped classroom based on micro-lecture in the standardized training for new nurses. Methods A total of 65 new nurses in Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who were recruited from July 2015 to July 2016 were selected and divided into observation group (n=32) and control group (n=33) by random number table method. The control group received the routine standard training, while the observation group received the flipped classroom based on micro-lecture in addition to the routine standard training. After training, the nurses' theoretical and clinical practise competence were analyzed and compared based on their performance in the Self-initiated Learning Ability Scale, Registered Nurses' Core Competence Assessment Scale and Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results After training, the nurses in the observation group achieved higher score in theory (82.68±8.85) , clinical practice (83.64±5.93) , self-initiated learning (112.32±8.62) , and nurses' core competence (162.23±17.96) than the control group with statistical significance (t=3.258, 6.679, 6.085, 3.808; P<0.01) . The satisfaction rate was 87.9% in the observation group and 65.6% in the control group with statistical significance (χ2=4.532, P=0.033) . Conclusions The application of the flipped classroom based on micro-lecture in the standardized training of new nurses can better improve the training efficacy, young nurses' comprehensive and core ability and their autonomous learning ability . Key words: Nurses; Standardized training; New nurses; Micro-lecture; Flipped classroom

Objective To discuss the clinical effects of early enteral nutrition on elderly patient with gastric cancer after total gastrectomy. Methods A total of 138 elderly patients with gastric cancer after total gastrectomy in Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from September 2014 to September 2016 were selected using purposive sampling. They were divided into the observation (n=73) and control (n=65) groups using random number table. Patients in the control group were given parenteral nutritional support. The energy was 125 KJ/ (kg.d) ; nitrogen content was 0.15 g/ (kg.d) ; total fluid amount was 50 ml/ (kg.d) . They were prepared to bags of 3 L and given by intravenous dripping through internal jugular vein. After the anal exhaust and removing gastric tube, patients were routinely given from water to clear fluid diet, fluid diet, semi-fluid diet until normal diet. Patients in the observation group received indwelling three-lumen gastrojejunal tube. At 12 h after the operation, heating 100 ml 5% glucose were given through three-lumen gastrojejunal tube. At 24 h after the operation, Ruidai (enteral nutritional suspension-TPF) were given at the total 500 ml and increased by 500 ml/d until 1 500 ml at 4 d after the operation. The drop speed increased from 20 ml/h to 100 ml/h. The incidence of postoperative complications, the anal exhaust time, the leaving bed time, hospital days and nutritive indexes were compared between the two groups. Results The hospital days, anal exhaust time and the leaving bed time in the observation group were (12.9±5.9) d, (70.3±16.7) h and (15.24±13.28) h, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [ (18.6±6.9) d, (97.5±22.3) h and (29.95±15.23) h] (P<0.05) . There was 1 case of diarrhea in the observation group, while 2 cases of anastomotic leakage, 2 case of infection, 1 case of obstruction and 2 cases of diarrhea were observed in the control group. The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05) . The nutritive indexes at 7 d and 14 d after the operation in the observation group were statistically significantly better than those in the control group (P<0.05) . Conclusions Early enteral nutrition on elderly patient with gastric cancer after total gastrectomy can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, improve the postoperative nutrition status, shorten the time of anal exhaust and leaving bed, and reduce the hospital days. Key words: Aged; Gastric neoplasms; Total gastrectomy; Early enteral nutrition

With the popularization of laser therapy, an increasing number of patients are undergoing fractional CO2 laser therapy. It is particularly important to exercise caution and accelerate wound healing after laser surgery. This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of moist wound healing after fractional CO2 laser therapy. A total of 15 individuals volunteered to undergo fractional CO2 laser therapy. The facial skin was irradiated with a fractional CO2 laser in the deep mode, with an energy of 15 mJ/cm2 and a density of 5%. The left and right sides of the faces were considered the observation and control groups, respectively. After laser therapy, medical cold compress patches were applied on the skin in the control group once a day for approximately 10-15 min, whereas erythromycin ophthalmic ointment was applied on the skin in the observation group 6 times daily for wound care. The wound healing time, duration of erythema, and occurrence of adverse reactions were monitored in both groups. The observation and control groups received different nursing interventions. The time to regression of erythema and swelling was significantly shorter in the observation group than in the control group. In addition, the scab formed at the wound site was thinner, and shedding was faster in the observation group than in the control group. The Clinical Erythema Assessment score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The wound healing time was 5.73 ± 0.70 days in the observation group and 7.73 ± 0.72 days in the control group, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). After 30 min and 12 h of nursing intervention, the Visual Analog Scale score of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). However, after 24 h of treatment, neither group showed significant pain. Both groups showed varying degrees of acne, pustules, and exudation, which subsided within 7 days. Furthermore, the control group had 2 cases of mild pigmentation, which resolved within 3 months. Neither group experienced adverse reactions such as skin infection, depigmentation, or scar formation. Moist healing therapy can accelerate wound healing and reduce the duration of erythema and edema after fractional CO2 laser therapy, demonstrating potential clinical application value.

Objective To explore the influence of the noviciate mode of the pregnant and lying-in woman all-the-way tracking on midwifery students' professional attitude and capability development. Methods Eight-one junior college midwifery students of grade 2013 were included. They were divided into the control group (n=42, one class) and the observation group (n=39, the other class) with the convenience sampling method. The traditional noviciate mode was used in the control group and the all-the-way tracking noviciate mode was used in the observation group. The students' performance in the two groups before and after the noviciate was compared according to the nursing student professional identify questionnaire, the clinical thinking scale and the supportive communication scale. Results After the noviciate, the professional identity, the critical thinking ability and the supportive communication ability of the students were (2.65±0.41) , (3.58±0.43) and (3.87±0.18) in the observation group, respectively, and (2.39±0.43) , (3.07±0.32) and (3.38±0.15) in the control group, respectively. All the scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=2.66, 6.49, 12.83; P<0.01) . Conclusions The pregnant and lying-in woman all-the-way tracking noviciate can increase midwifery students' professional identity, which is helpful for the development of the studnets' comprehensive ability. Key words: Midwifery; Student; All-the-way tracking; Noviciate; Pregnant and lying-in women

The focus of this study was to comprehensively assess the clinical outcomes of lumbar fusion utilizing autogenous bone grafting and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for the management of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) in elderly individuals. A cohort of 40 senior individuals diagnosed with DLSS, who underwent treatment at our hospital between January 2020 and March 2022. The control group consisted of 20 participants who underwent local bone grafting for intervertebral fusion, while the observation group comprised 20 individuals who received a combination of local bone grafting and PRP for lumbar fusion. MRI imaging was employed for a comprehensive assessment of spinal structure. The efficacy of spinal fusion was evaluated through MRI imaging. Clinical treatment outcomes were assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scoring systems. Postoperative low back pain was quantified using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). During the final follow-up, the observation group demonstrated a significant increase in the inner diameter of the spinal canal and the height of the disc space compared to the control group (P < 0.05).Moreover, the observation group displayed a larger spinal canal than the control group (P < 0.05).A reduced lesion score in the bone grafting region was observed in the observation group compared to the control group during the final follow-up (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the observation group displayed a higher intervertebral fusion continuity score than the control group (P < 0.05).The JOA score in the observation group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), while the ODI score was significantly lower (P < 0.05). Of note, the back pain VAS score in the observation group was lower than in the control group at both the three months post-surgery mark and the final follow-up (P < 0.05).The satisfaction rate and overall satisfaction rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), while the dissatisfaction rate in the observation group was evidently lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). In the management of DLSS in elderly individuals, the utilization of local bone grafting and PRP in lumbar spinal fusion yields notable outcomes.

BACKGROUND As lifestyles continue to change worldwide, the incidence of digestive tract carcinoma has gradually increased. Digestive endoscopy is an important tool that can assist in the diagnosis, treatment, and surgical intervention for this disease. However, the examination process is affected by many factors, and patient cooperation is often poor, which can increase the risk of complications. AIM To explore the effects of integrated management and cognitive intervention on cooperation and complications in patients undergoing endoscopy for early gastrointestinal neoplasms. METHODS A total of 354 patients with early stage gastrointestinal cancer who underwent digestive endoscopy procedures between January and December 2023 at our hospital were divided into observation and control groups (177 patients in each group) in a randomized controlled blind trial. The control group received routine interventions, while the observation group received comprehensive integrated management combined with cognitive interventions. We compared the changes in adverse mood, discomfort, examination time, cooperation with the examination, and complications before and after the intervention between the two groups. RESULTS The self-rated anxiety and depression scale scores were lower in the observation group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). The visual analog scale scores for discomfort during intubation and examination were also lower in the observation group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the examination time was shorter in the observation group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05), and the degree of cooperation (94.35%) was higher in the observation group than in the control group (84.75%; P &lt; 0.05). Lastly, the incidence rates of gastrointestinal adverse reactions (10.17% vs 20.34%), choking agitation (14.69% vs 24.86%), abdominal pain (8.47% vs 18.08%), and muscle tension (5.08% vs 14.12%) were all lower in the observation group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION Integrated management and cognitive intervention in early gastrointestinal neoplasm endoscopy alleviate mood, reduce discomfort, shorten examinations, improve cooperation, and reduce complications.

Objective To explore the clinical application of case teaching method combined with clinical pathway in pediatrics teaching. Methods 103 students in pediatric practice from September 2016 to September 2017 were enrolled as the study object, who were divided randomly into observation group (52 cases) and control group (51 cases). Routine teaching method was adopted in the control group, while case teaching method combined with clinical pathway was adopted in the observation group. In addition, 100 cases of children in need of rescue were selected for each group and the students were divided into two or three in a group to participate in the rescue. If the student could complete the rescue with the assistance of supervisor, he will be considered as playing a leading role in rescue process. Otherwise, another supervisor would join to lead the rescue, and the student would assist by the side, who will be considered as playing an auxiliary role in rescue process. The results of examination, classroom participation, homework, the rescue performance and the satisfaction of teaching were compared between two groups. Results The scores of theoretical course, case analysis and skill operation in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The scores of classroom attendance, classroom activity and homework quality in the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Success rate of rescue conducted by students in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The teaching satisfaction of the observation group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The application of case teaching method combined with clinical pathway teaching model in pediatrics teaching is effective and worthy of popularizing, which can obviously improve teaching quality, arouse students' interest in teaching process, and improve students' professional quality. Key words: Case teaching method; Clinical pathway; Pediatric teaching; Clinical application

To assess the effect of Chinese medicine affective therapy on psychotherapy for mild to moderate depression in hemodialysis patients, and to provide a reference basis for clinical practice. Clinical data (January 2021-January 2023) from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into control (routine care) and observation (routine care + Chinese medicine affective therapy) groups. The data of anxiety self-assessment scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), general well-being scale (GWB) and Health Questionnaire (SF-36) were compared between the two groups. PSM matched 80 patients each in observation and control groups, showing no significant baseline differences. Pre-care scores (SAS, SDS, PSQI, GWB, SF-36) had no notable discrepancies (P > .05). Post-care, SAS, SDS, PSQI were lower in the observation group (P < .05), while GWB and SF-36 scores were higher (P < .001). The SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores were lower in the observation group relative to the control group after care (All P-values were < .05), whereas the GWB and SF-36 score scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (All P-values were < .05). Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) affective therapy may be able to improve the quality of sleep, quality of life, and general well-being of hemodialysis patients with mild-to-moderate depression, as well as alleviate the patients' adverse emotions.

Objective To investigate the application value of real-time B type ultrasound guidance in resection of low-grade gliomas. Methods Seventy-two cases of patients with low-grade gliomas were selected, who were treated at Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Jiamusi from June 2012 to June 2016, and were divided into observation group (36 cases) and control group (36 cases). Conventional tumor localization method was used in control group prior to resection, while the patients in observation group underwent tumor resection under real-time B type ultrasound guidance. The following aspects were compared between 2 groups including surgical operation, accuracy of tumor localization, total resection rate, ADL (activities of daily living) score and KPS (Karnofsky performance status) score. Results The operation time in the observation group were significantly less than that in control group (P 0.05). The 6-month follow-up showed that the patients’ preoperative KPS scores in observation (81.1±7.8) and control (71.4±9.9) groups were significantly higher than postoperative scores (58.1±8.2, 56.9±9.2, respectively) (P<0.001) and the improvement in observation group was even greater (P<0.01). Conclusion Real-time B type ultrasound guidance used for low-grade gliomas resection could achieve good clinical results, significantly reduce the operation time and improve the patient’s quality of life. Key words: Glioma; Neurosurgical procedures; Treat outcome; Quality of life; Real-time guided B-ultrasonography

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of low-dose diuretics on the serum cystatin C (CysC) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels, and on the prognosis in patients with asymptomatic chronic heart failure (HF). A total of 66 asymptomatic chronic HF patients were divided into the observation and control groups (n=33 in each group). Patients in the control group were treated with a routine treatment, while the patients in the observation group were treated with the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide along with the same routine treatment as the control group. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum CysC levels, Scr levels, heart function, prognosis, adverse reactions and complications of the patients in the two groups were compared prior to and following treatment. The LVEF increased in the two groups following treatment, while the levels of serum CysC and Scr decreased. The LVEF in the observation group increased following treatment for 1, 3 and 6 months compared with the LVEF values in the control group. In addition, the levels of serum CysC and Scr in the observation group were found to be lower compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse prognosis following treatment for 6 months in the observation group was lower compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of HF patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and II increased following treatment for 6 months in the two groups (P<0.05). However, in the observation group, a higher number of patients exhibited class I and II disease after treatment for 6 months compared with the number in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed between adverse reactions and complications in the two groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, low-dose diuretics may effectively improve the cardiac and renal functions and prognosis in asymptomatic chronic HF patients, without increasing the incidence of side effects.

Objective To compare the effect of lacrimal ducts retrograde intubation and dacryocystorhinosto-my in treating chronic dacryocystitis. Methods 104 patients with chronic dacryocystitis were selected and divided into observation group and control group by lottery. There were 64 cases in observation group and 40 cases in control group. Lacrimal ducts retrograde intubation was given in observation group, while dacryocystorhinostomy was given in control group. Same postoperative care was given in both two groups. The surgery related conditions and effect of treat-ment were compared. Results There were 63 effective cases in the observation group in 3 months after operation, the effective rate was 98.44%,40 effective cases in the control group, the effective rate was 100.00%, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2＝0.185,P＞0.05). There were62 effective cases in the observation group in 6 months after operation, the effective rate was 96.88%,40 effective cases in the control group, the effective rate was 100.00%, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(χ2＝0.306,P＞0.05). There were 59 effective cases in the observation group in 12 months after operation, the effective rate was 92.19%,38 effective cases in the control group, the effective rate 95.00%, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2＝0.227,P＞0.05). The mean operation time in the observation group was(10.8±2.7)min, while(0.1±9.6)min in the control group, the mean operation time in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(t＝18.074,P＜0.05). The mean hospitalization in the observation group was(2.5±0.3)days, while(6.3±1.4)days in the control group, the mean hospitalization in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group(t＝3.171,P＜0.05). The mean hospital expenses in the observation group was(1467.1±26.7)yuan, while (1971.6±59.1)yuan in the control group, the mean hospital expenses in the observation group was less than that in the control group(t＝39.482,P＜0.05). Conclusion The recent therapeutic effects of lacrimal ducts retrograde intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy in treating chronic dacryocystitis were same, and it was safer, lower operative difficult, less treatment expenses to applying lacrimal ducts retrograde intubation. It was worthy of clinical application. Key words: Lacrimal ducts retrograde intubation; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Chronic dacryocystitis; Nasolacrimal duct obstruction; Safety

Objective: To introduce hormone replacement therapy for patients with perimenopausal syndrome and observe its clinical application effect. Methods: Patients with perimenopausal syndrome were the subjects of this study, with a total of 110 participants clinically admitted from January 2022 to December 2023. Upon enrollment, patients were divided into groups based on differences in treatment modes. The observation group (n = 55) received routine health care combined with hormone replacement therapy, while the control group (n = 55) received only routine health care treatment. Evaluation criteria included psychological state, symptom scores, improvement in hormone levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions. The clinical effects of different treatment options were compared. Results: Post-treatment, scores of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the female menopausal syndrome self-diagnosis assessment scale (Kupperman) score was 12.31 ± 1.25 points in the observation group compared to 15.22 ± 1.84 points in the control group (t = 9.7018, P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were lower in the observation group than in the control group, while estradiol (E2) and progesterone levels were higher in the observation group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the observation and control groups (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The application of hormone replacement therapy in Chinese medicine can improve patients’ mental state, alleviate clinical symptoms, and restore hormone levels. This treatment modality is deemed safe with minimal adverse reactions, thus offering positive value.