Application of Hypergeometric function in MIMO Wireless Systems

The problem of efficient video communications over MIMO wireless systems is of great significance, due to the high capacity of the multiple antenna system. The high data rates provided by the MIMO system can be traded off with diversity gain by using different channel coding schemes. Also, by using different video source coding methods, high compression gain can be traded off with the error resilience gain. One should jointly consider source coding and channel coding when designing a MIMO wireless video system. However, little is known so far about what combinations of channel coding and source coding methods have the best overall performance in a MIMO system. By comparing the performances of several different typical combinations through both theoretical and simulation studies, we show that no single combination is the best for the entire range of channel conditions, rather different combinations may be best for a sub-range.

The range of applications for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is continuously growing and is expanding into new branches and markets rapidly. Largely different requirements regarding network structure, powering possibility, latency, data rates, and reliability, lead to the need of suitable systems and protocols. An approved way to implement an energy aware wireless network is the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) strategy. In this work we propose two different TDMA schedules for highly reliable sensor data collection with sample rates of 10 Hz and analyze and compare them regarding reliability and energy consumption. A standard coin cell can power a sensor node for more than 2 month with a sensor data loss smaller than 10−3 percent at 3% PER in the radio channel.

The topic Internet of Things (IoT) has been growing rapidly, parallel with the advancement of Industry 4.0. In the wireless communication network, which is a subbranch of IoT, LoRa devices provide compelling features for IoT applications such as greater range compared to cellular networks, secure data transmission, and low power consumption. Using the two vital indicators, namely received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and packet reception rate (PRR), this study evaluated the reliability of the LoRa communication network in a multistorey building. Two LoRa devices are deployed as a receiver and transmitter, and the LoRa performances are evaluated on each floor. A packet reception rate of 60% was observed when the LoRa transmitter was placed at placement O and N. Findings also show that the dynamic environment has more effect on the RSSI compared to PRR.KeywordsLoraLoraWANRSSIInternet of thing (IoT)Wireless communication

This paper investigates the receive antenna selection problem to maximize capacity in wireless MIMO communication system, which can be formulated as an integer programming optimization problem and ...

The reliability of a probabilistic communication network is considered. A probabilistic communication network is a network in which each branch is given a probability that the specific branch can perform its purpose successfully. This probability is called the reliability of this branch. The idea of the overall reliability of the simultaneous communication among all (or part of) the stations of a given network is introduced, rather than the pairwise reliability between any two stations as was discussed in previous works along this line. The overall reliability of a communication network is defined as the probability that simultaneous communication can be secured among all the stations; two formulas are given to enumerate it in terms of the branch reliabilities. An approximation is developed to calculate the overall reliability through the incidence matrix of the network when all the branch reliabilities are very small. Also, a criterion to compare relative importance of the roles played by all the branches is established by defining a quantity load for each branch. Two efficient algorithms are derived to find a most reliable subnetwork with no redundant branches. In addition, an exhausting method is furnished for the case of seeking simultaneous communication among only part of the terminals of the network.

In this article, we address the issue of physical layer design of MIMO wireless communication system. First, we analysis the capacity of MIMO system in a limited space, then investigate the capacity varied with the number of antenna and SNR in SIMO, MISO, MIMO system. Second, we explore the design of antennas assignment and space-time coding based on the optimizing trade-off diversity gains and multiplex gains. Third, we study the criteria of power allocation in antennas for different channel conditions or interference. Finally, a physical layer design algorithm for MIMO wireless communication system is present.

The hypergeometric functions are one of the most important and special functions in mathematics. They are the generalization of the exponential functions. Particularly the ordinary hypergeometric function 2F1(a, b; c; z) is represented by hypergeometric series and is a solution to a second order differential equation. Similarly, Laplace transform is a form of integral transform that converts linear differential equations to algebraic equations. This paper aims to study the convergence of hypergeometric function and Laplace transform of some hypergeometric functions. Moreover, some relationships between Laplace transformation and hypergeometric functions is established in the concluding section of this paper.

Performance Evaluation and Measurement for Energy Efficient Wireless Networks

We propose a general framework based in the Gilbert model for cross-layer analysis of TCP and UDP over MIMO wireless systems. Our framework takes into consideration diverse system characteristics often difficult to express as a Gilbert model such as fading, space-time transmission schemes, modulation, channel coding and ARQ. We apply our framework to analyze the TCP performance of two representative MIMO systems, namely, the BLAST system and the orthogonal space-time block coded (STBC) system. In particular, we investigate the optimal information rate that maximizes the TCP throughput, the effect of Doppler on the optimal TCP throughput and the optimal channel coding rate for various modulations. We provide simulations results from the ns-2 network simulator to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed analytical framework in characterizing the TCP performance. We further apply the framework to two additional cross-layer applications: the analysis of the buffer occupancy on the base station, and the analysis of CBR video transmission over MIMO systems. We show that while the optimal rate for maximum TCP throughput is far from the channel capacity, the optimal rate for error and delay-tolerant video transmission requires much higher rates, and so the physical layer should be aware and adapt to the type of application in order to increase the system performance. We also show that mobility benefits systems with larger buffers, especially for TCP, as the ARQ scheme is able to recover the shorter burst errors. In general, our investigation shows that the type of application plays a crucial role in the optimization of a wireless system, and that our modelling framework is useful for the cross-layer analysis and design of those systems.

In order to improve the effective ability of sports, it is necessary to carry out sports timing training, construct the wireless communication network of sports timing training, and propose a sports timing training method based on wireless communication. A training model of motion timing in wireless communication network based on spatial interval equilibrium regulation and piecewise load distribution is constructed. The wireless communication transmission channel model of motion timing training is constructed, the channel adaptive equilibrium allocation of motion timing training in wireless communication network is carried out by using spatial equilibrium scheduling method, the orthogonal matching signal tracking model of motion timing training is established. Combined with the load block equilibrium allocation method of multiplex motion timing training, the optimal allocation of motion timing training is carried out. the effectiveness of motion timing training information transmission in wireless communication network is characterized by the number of endpoint paths, and the anti-interference ability of communication is improved by combining the interference suppression method of training environment. The simulation results show that the output quality of motion timing training in wireless communication network is high and the bit error rate (BER) is low, which improves the balanced distribution ability of motion timing training load in wireless communication network.

The paper is largely expository, but some new results are included to round out the paper and bring it up to date. The following distributions are quoted in Section 7. 1. Type $_0F_0$, exponential: (i) $\\chi^2$, (ii) Wishart, (iii) latent roots of the covariance matrix. 2. Type $_1F_0$, binomial series: (i) variance ratio, $F$, (ii) latent roots with unequal population covariance matrices. 3. Type $_0F_1$, Bessel: (i) noncentral $\\chi^2$, (ii) noncentral Wishart, (iii) noncentral means with known covariance. 4. Type $_1F_1$, confluent hypergeometric: (i) noncentral $F$, (ii) noncentral multivariate $F$, (iii) noncentral latent roots. 5. Type $_2F_1$, Gaussian hypergeometric: (i) multiple correlation coefficient, (ii) canonical correlation coefficients. The modifications required for the corresponding distributions derived from the complex normal distribution are outlined in Section 8, and the distributions are listed. The hypergeometric functions $_pF_q$ of matrix argument which occur in the multivariate distributions are defined in Section 4 by their expansions in zonal polynomials as defined in Section 5. Important properties of zonal polynomials and hypergeometric functions are quoted in Section 6. Formulae and methods for the calculation of zonal polynomials are given in Section 9 and the zonal polynomials up to degree 6 are given in the appendix. The distribution of quadratic forms is discussed in Section 10, orthogonal expansions of $_0F_0$ and $_1F_1$ in Laguerre polynomials in Section 11 and the asymptotic expansion of $_0F_0$ in Section 12. Section 13 has some formulae for moments.

The rapid growth of wireless communication systems and devices has increased global energy consumption in wireless communication networks. Therefore, wireless communication technologies are advancing towards the development of fifth-generation wireless communication systems and beyond, i.e., towards the development of sixth-generation wireless communication systems. It is important that the energy efficiency of wireless communication systems considered a significant parameter along with data rate, delay and reliability. Green wireless communication systems aim to reduce the power consumption of wireless communication systems minimize carbon emissions and make wireless communication systems environmentally sustainable. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sustainable wireless communication systems and energy-efficient protocols for green wireless communication systems. This study discusses various architectural strategies such as energy-efficient base stations, heterogeneous and ultra-dense networks, cloud radio access networks, adaptive networks, renewable energy and their role enables wireless networks to modify their behavior according to the nature of the data and availability of resources. Further, the paper discusses the role of sustainable wireless protocols in all layers of wireless communication, where techniques like power control, duty cycle, energy-efficient routing and transport protocols are playing a significant role in removing the unnecessary communication and utilizing resources efficiently. It also discusses enabling technologies that can be utilized in energy-efficient network operation including energy harvesting, cognitive radio, artificial intelligence, edge computing and network virtualization. Moreover, some of the major challenges in energy-efficient wireless communication including decisions, complexity, security, cost, and regulatory issues, are addressed. This study provides an sustainable wireless communication can be achieved based on recent developments and existing research gaps in wireless communication particularly in future 5G and 6G networks.

Despite great effort from the research community, wireless networks still operate below full capacity. To increase the network throughput it is important to study algorithms that select communication requests that can decode their signals despite mutual interference. In this paper, we study the joint problem of data rate assignment and link scheduling in the physical interference model. The objective of the problem is to maximize the total number of bits transmitted in one time slot. By constructing an intermediate network representation through a disk graph, we prove that a constant approximation solution can be computed in polynomial time. Finally, we propose a parallel implementation of a polynomial-time approximation scheme and show through simulations that the one-slot throughput of a wireless network can be significantly improved by using variable data rates.

Multiple-input multiple-output techniques enhance wireless communications performance by taking advantage of spatial diversity. However, most traditional MIMO systems hardly achieve large spatial diversity because of limited terminal size. In this article, we present recent advances of the distributed MIMO technologies in cooperative wireless networks. We also compare and discuss various relay protocols and cooperative strategies. Our simulation results indicate that distributed MIMO systems can provide larger spatial diversity, and the data rate in cooperative networks can be significantly increased.

The reliability of any wireless communication network is considered as one of the key issue in designing network topology. Geographical locations of nodes play a crucial role in the cost of the network. The topological design of any communication network needs to realize a specified performance at minimal cost. This paper focuses on various approaches of numbering nodes in a topology design and analyses their performance for a range of networks. The paper proposes an efficient node numbering considering technique parallel organization for designing a cost effective K-connected wireless network which eventually guarantees (K-1) fault tolerance.