Approach for enhanced search and integration of semantic web services

This paper is focused on search and integration of the Web services dynamically according to the user request. Due to the dynamicity and similarity of Web services, the search and automatic integration of Web services are required to satisfy the user request. The unavailability of UDDI is motivated this system to use search engine to discover the required Web services. The methods used here are retrieval of the WSDL of services using search engine’s search technique, processing the WSDL links to extract operation elements and integration of Web services which generates more than one integration plan. This paper is also focused on selection of suitable integration plan from similar integration plans.KeywordsWeb servicesWeb scrapingDynamic searchWeb service composition

Service-oriented computing is gaining wider acceptance. For Web services to become practical, an infrastructure needs to be supported that allows users and applications to discover, deploy, compose and synthesize services automatically. For this automation to be effective, formal semantic descriptions of Web services should be available. In this paper we formally define the Web service discovery and composition problem and present an approach for automatic service discovery and composition based on semantic description of Web services. We also report on an implementation of a semantics-based automated service discovery and composition engine that we have developed. This engine employs a multi-step narrowing algorithm and is efficiently implemented using the constraint logic programming technology. The salient features of our engine are its scalability, i.e., its ability to handle very large service repositories, and its extremely efficient processing times for discovery and composition queries. We evaluate our engine for automated discovery and composition on repositories of different sizes and present the results.

Services are an increasingly important part of the Web, and they are a necessary component of the Semantic Web. Semantic Web Services (SWS) are a research effort towards automation of the use of Web services, enhancing existing SOA capabilities with intelligent and automated integration. Recently, we have introduced WSMO-Lite, a lightweight service ontology intended for semantic annotations of the Web Service Description Language WSDL. In contrast to preceding SWS frameworks such as OWL-S and WSMO, WSMO-Lite simplifies the semantic descriptions and enables bottom-up semantic annotation of Web services, but very importantly, it also relaxes the requirements on completeness of semantic descriptions, which enables building incremental layers of semantics on top of existing service descriptions. In this work, we describe various useful subsets of the extent of semantic annotation on Web services with respect to the requirements of SWS automation tasks; and we detail the means of validating SWS descriptions with flexible levels of strictness.

Ontologies as a means for semantic description of web services have been discussed for many years. Various formal languages and correspoding tools using ontologies for describing web services have also been proposed (i.e. OWL-S). However, these existing approaches mainly are targeting domain experts creating ontologies. They are often too complex to be used by an average service provider offering web services online. But for offering and retrieving web services from future electronic marketplaces or service registries, a semantic service description is necessary. Therefore, in this paper an approach for an easy-to-use web-based editor for describing web services using ontologies based on the OWL-S language is proposed and evaluated. It not only supports a semantic, but also a commercial description of the web service offered, while remaining compatible with previous approaches addressing such holistic web service descriptions.

Web services are meaningful only if potential users may find and execute them. Universal description discovery and integration (UDDI) help businesses, organizations, and other web services providers to discover and reach to the service(s) by providing the URI of the WSDL file. However, it does not offer a mechanism to choose a web service based on its quality. The standard also lacks sufficient semantic description in the content of web services. This lack makes it difficult to find and compose suitable web services during analysis, search, and matching processes. In addition, a central UDDI suffers from one centralized point problem and the high cost of maintenance. To get around these problems, the authors propose in this chapter a novel framework based on mobile agent and metadata catalogue for web services discovery. Their approach is based on user profile in order to discover appropriate web services, meeting customer requirements in less time and taking into account the QoS properties.

Web services are becoming an important enabler of the semantic Web. Besides the need for a rich description mechanism, Web service information should be made available in an accessible way for machine processing. In this paper, we propose a new P2P based approach for Web services discovery. Peers that store Web services information, such as data item descriptions, are efficiently located using a scalable and robust data indexing structure for peer-to-peer data networks, NIPPERS. We present a theoretical analysis which shows that the communication cost of the query and update operations scale double-logarithmically with the number of NIPPERS nodes. Furthermore, we show that the network is robust with respect to failures fulfilling quality of Web services requirements.

Web services are software components that were designed to improve interoperability and integration of applications developed on different platforms. Automatic Web service composition and dynamic service discovery and selection are the most promising features that can be provided by Web services. These features can be achieved by adding semantics to the different layers of the Web service conceptual stack. The semantic information is provided by ontologies. This paper proposes an ontology model which allows semantic annotation of Web services aiming at automatic Web service composition for food chain traceability. The proposed model consists of a core ontology and two categories of taxonomic trees: Business service description trees and business product description trees. The model has been implemented in the framework of the Food-Trace project for traceability in the domain of meat industry.

Semantic Web Service technology provides a strong support for automation software development based on Web service. By analyzing the existing description models and methods of semantic Web service, a Semantic Web Service Description Model (WSDM4S) and its formal description based on SHOIN+(D) are proposed, which attempt to offer an effective model for description, publication, discovery, composition, and execution of Web services based on semantic description. And a Semantic Web Service Description Language (WSDL4S) based on XML is designed to support the WSDM4S. Based on WSDL4S, Web Services could be packaged into basic semantic unit of semantic software development.

With the proliferation of available Web services, new approaches are needed to search for the most appropriate services matching user requirements. Existing UDDI based discovery techniques fail to recognize similarities and differences between Web service capabilities and thus greatly limit the scope of service discovery. Hence, in this paper we present a framework for discovering the vast amount of Web services present in Internet based on a novel semantic approach to automatically discover the most appropriate services to user requirements. Our framework is based on a natural language query to facilitate usage of our implemented discovery framework. For this purpose, we first apply some computational linguistics techniques such as part-of-speech tagging and word sense disambiguation to format and extract useful semantic information from user query. Then, we propose an innovative semantic matchmaking technique based on significant concepts properties in the referenced domain ontology and we show that it improves discovery efficiency compared to a similar related work.

Efficiently finding Web Services on the Web is a challenge research question in Service Oriented Architecture-SOA. Web services are becoming necessary part of the Semantic Web, and research on Semantic Web Services aims to automate their use. However, finding the adequate service for each individual user becomes a more and more demanding problem. In this paper we suggest a new approach for Web Service Discovery which we believe that is the first attempts that combines clustring techiques with Latent Semantic Indexing. Empirically the proposed method will improve the quality of automated service discovery.

Description logic is used as the formal theoretical foundation of semantic web services, the paper analyzed description language of Semantic Web Services OWL-S, WSDL-S, WSML and SWSL. Give a formal definition of description about semantic web services, further Web services is interpreted with the semantic of description logic. The satisfiability and subsumption in description logic can be applied to inferring semantic web services. For further research semantic annotation of web services, relation between web services and services, reasoning problems for semantic web services, our work was important and fundamental.

Currently proposed Semantic Web Services technologies allow the creation of ontology-based semantic annotations of Web services so that software agents are able to discover, invoke, compose and monitor these services with a high degree of automation. The OWL Services (OWL-S) ontology is an upper ontology in OWL language, providing essential vocabularies to semantically describe Web services. Currently OWL-S services can only be developed independently; if one service is unavailable then finding a suitable alternative would require an expensive and difficult global search/match. It is desirable to have a new OWL-S construct that can systematically support substitution tracing as well as incremental development and reuse of services. Introducing relationship (IR) into OWL-S is a natural solution. However, OWL-S, as well as most of the other currently discussed formalisms for Semantic Web Services such as WSMO or SAWSDL, has yet to define a concrete and self-contained mechanism of establishing relationships among services, which we believe is very important for the automated annotation and discovery of Web services as well as human organization of services into a taxonomy-like structure. In this paper, we extend OWL-S with the ability to define and maintain relationships between services. Through the definition of an additional inheritance profile, relationships can be stated and reasoned about. Two types of IRs are allowed to grant service developers the choice to respect the contract between services or not. The proposed framework has also been implemented and the prototype will be briefly evaluated as well.

The current Web service technology brought a new potential to the Web of services. However, the success of Web services still depends on resolving three fundamental challenges, namely search, integration and mediation. In this paper we define an extended Web service stack enabling total or partial automation of web service provisioning process. With the goal of a maximal Web standards compliance, we describe various types of service semantics, use RDF Schema (RDFS) to define a pragmatic meaning for those descriptions, and use Semantic Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema (SAWSDL) to define a place for a semantic description in a Web service. We elaborate on the existing SAWSDL specifications and define precise rules for semantic annotations of Web services.

This article tackles the problem of supplying the low level commanders with information from information sources located on higher command levels, distributed using web services, the most commonly used technology in modern command and control systems. There has been proposed the Adaptation Framework For Web Services Provision (AFRO) that defines a mechanism for effective web services invocation in tactical networks, which are considered disadvantaged in terms of available throughput, delay and error rate. Its implementation, in the form of AFRO Proxy performs so called adaptation actions, which are modifications of the SOAP XML messages by changing their encoding to more efficient or dropping information that are accepted to be removed by the service requester. The proposed adaptation mechanism gives promising effects for low level commanders located at the battlefield. They can be supplied with information generally available on high command levels, which, up to now, were very rarely distributed to tactical networks.

Semantic annotation of Web Services has emerged as an efficient solution to automatic service discovery, composition, invocation and interoperation tasks. In this paper a three-level automated semantic classification mechanism of SOAP and Restful Web Services is examined by taking into account the textual description of Web Services. The proposed approach provides a mechanism for categorizing any Web Service into application domains, prototype operations and prototype i/o into the predefined ontology. The effectiveness of the proposed methods is validated through extensive experiments.